Papiloma de plexo coroide em uma cadela / Choroid plexus papilloma in a bitch

Background: Choroid plexus papilloma is a benign neoplasm derived from the neuroepithelium of the choroid plexus of the ventricular cavity, commonly located in the fourth ventricle, affecting dogs of different age groups and without predilection for sex. There is a range of therapeutic options, and the treatment to be chosen will be defined based on tumor localization and development. Due to the difficulties in accessing treatments, tutors opt for euthanasia or death occurs with the worsening of the clinical condition. This case report aims to present the symptomatology, treatment and evolution of the case until the death of the animal, as well as the pathological findings. Case: A 12-year-old bitch, mixed breed, was treated presenting behavior alteration, with unusual aggressiveness, perceived by the tutor four weeks ago. Neurological examination revealed changes in behavior, compulsive walking and focal epileptic seizures. After the presumptive diagnosis of brain neoplasia, the dog underwent symptomatic treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h, for 15 days, with subsequent reduction to 0.5 mg/kg for another 15 days) and phenobarbital (3 mg/kg, every 12 h, orally), until death. After the beginning of the treatment, no more epileptic seizures and aggressive behavior were observed. After 5 months of consultation, the dog returned with aggressive and anorexic behavior. Due to the worsening of clinical signs, with the possibility of brain neoplasia, the tutor opted for euthanasia. Necropsy was performed and macroscopic examination was observed in the telecephalus, occlusion of the third ventricle by grayish mass, soft, 1.2 cm in diameter with slight dilation of lateral ventricles. On histological examination, it was observed that the third ventricle was occluded, epithelial proliferation of arboriform aspect, composed of cuboidal cells to columnares sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma. Based on macroscopic and histopathological findings of the telecephalus, the alterations determined the diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. Discussion: The diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma was confirmed by observing the neurological signs and pathological findings that characterize this neoplasm. Choroid plexus tumors are less common, in the third ventricle, only in 36% of all reports are of tumors in that area. The search for care is mainly due to clinical signs that include behavioral, and locomotor changes and sometimes epileptic seizures, such clinical signs were found in the dog. Choroid plexus papilloma affects dogs of all ages, but more in adults and increasing the occurrence as they age. The tumor is still correlated in a higher occurrence in large animals, the evaluated dog was of age, but small in size. During anamnesis, in addition to the clinical history, neurological examinations provide a good basis for the presumptive diagnosis that can be complemented by an imaging diagnosis. Sometimes such technologies are not available for use, therefore, more comprehensive knowledge about clinical signs and anamnesis are indispensable for a correct diagnosis. Palliative drug therapies are an excellent option for most cases presented in the literature and clinical routine, since they provide better quality of life by decreasing or eliminating clinical signs, besides being easily administered by tutors. The therapy proved to be of great value for the improvement of the clinical signs of the evaluated dog, confirming the importance of knowledge of the appropriate prescriptions for each case and reinforcing that consultation with one was important in defining the diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.

Diagnóstico de alterações neurológicas compressivas da medula espinal de cães com o uso da Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) Helicoidal / Diagnosis of neurologic compression of the spinal cord of dogs with use of Helical Computed Tomography (CT)

Alterações neurológicas em cães são comuns na rotina da clínica médica, sendo necessário identificar o sítio de lesão quando da ocorrência de neuropatias por compressão em estruturas do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico das alterações neurológicas compressivas em medula espinal de cães domiciliados em Salvador e região metropolitana: Discopatias, Neoplasias e Traumas identificadas através da Tomografia Computadorizada (TC). Foram avaliados 17 cães de diversas raças com idade entre 2 e 10 anos e de ambos os sexos, atendidos na rotina de dois serviços médicos-veterinários e encaminhados para realização do exame conforme indicação clínica. Imagens em cortes com espessura variando de 0,5 a 2mm em rotação foram produzidas com o Tomógrafo. Dos animais que apresentaram discopatia 12/17 (70,58 por cento), por mielopatia extradural 6/12 (50 por cento), foram da raça Dachshund com idade média 7,33±1,97 anos e para todos os outros a ocorrência foi pontual; 23,53 por cento de osteopatias vertebrais, neoplasias ósseas e fraturas, e 5,89 por cento correspondente a neoplasia de medula. Houve uma maior frequência de lesões nos segmentos C4-C6 3/12 (25 por cento), T12-T13 (25 por cento) e L2-L3 (25 por cento) dos casos.

Neurological disorders in dogs are common in veterinary medical practice routine, being necessary to identify the site of injury in the event of compression on structures of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this work was an epidemiological study of neurological changes in compressive spinal cord of pet dogs in Salvador and the metropolitan area. Discopathies, neoplasms and trauma were identified by Computed Tomography (CT). We evaluated 17 dogs of various breeds, aged between 2 and 10 years old and of both sexes, from two veterinary medical routine services and forwarded to the examination as clinically indicated. Slice images with a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 2mm were produced in rotation with the tomograph. Animals that showed disc disease (70.58 percent) for extradural myelopathy 6/12 (50 percent) were the breed Dachshund, mean age 7.33±1.97 years and for all other occurrence was timely; 23.53 percent of vertebral bone disease, bone tumors and fractures, and 5.89 percent corresponding to neoplasm marrow. There was a higher incidence of injuries segments L2-L3 (25 percent), followed by C4-C6 (16.67 percent), T12-T13 (16.67 percent), L7-S1 (16.67 percent) of cases.

Diagnóstico de alterações neurológicas compressivas da medula espinal de cães com o uso da Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) Helicoidal / Diagnosis of neurologic compression of the spinal cord of dogs with use of Helical Computed Tomography (CT)

Alterações neurológicas em cães são comuns na rotina da clínica médica, sendo necessário identificar o sítio de lesão quando da ocorrência de neuropatias por compressão em estruturas do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico das alterações neurológicas compressivas em medula espinal de cães domiciliados em Salvador e região metropolitana: Discopatias, Neoplasias e Traumas identificadas através da Tomografia Computadorizada (TC). Foram avaliados 17 cães de diversas raças com idade entre 2 e 10 anos e de ambos os sexos, atendidos na rotina de dois serviços médicos-veterinários e encaminhados para realização do exame conforme indicação clínica. Imagens em cortes com espessura variando de 0,5 a 2mm em rotação foram produzidas com o Tomógrafo. Dos animais que apresentaram discopatia 12/17 (70,58 por cento), por mielopatia extradural 6/12 (50 por cento), foram da raça Dachshund com idade média 7,33±1,97 anos e para todos os outros a ocorrência foi pontual; 23,53 por cento de osteopatias vertebrais, neoplasias ósseas e fraturas, e 5,89 por cento correspondente a neoplasia de medula. Houve uma maior frequência de lesões nos segmentos C4-C6 3/12 (25 por cento), T12-T13 (25 por cento) e L2-L3 (25 por cento) dos casos.(AU)

Neurological disorders in dogs are common in veterinary medical practice routine, being necessary to identify the site of injury in the event of compression on structures of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this work was an epidemiological study of neurological changes in compressive spinal cord of pet dogs in Salvador and the metropolitan area. Discopathies, neoplasms and trauma were identified by Computed Tomography (CT). We evaluated 17 dogs of various breeds, aged between 2 and 10 years old and of both sexes, from two veterinary medical routine services and forwarded to the examination as clinically indicated. Slice images with a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 2mm were produced in rotation with the tomograph. Animals that showed disc disease (70.58 percent) for extradural myelopathy 6/12 (50 percent) were the breed Dachshund, mean age 7.33±1.97 years and for all other occurrence was timely; 23.53 percent of vertebral bone disease, bone tumors and fractures, and 5.89 percent corresponding to neoplasm marrow. There was a higher incidence of injuries segments L2-L3 (25 percent), followed by C4-C6 (16.67 percent), T12-T13 (16.67 percent), L7-S1 (16.67 percent) of cases.(AU)

Recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos com doença do disco intervertebral toracolombar sem percepção à dor profunda submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico: 15 casos (2006-2010) / Functional recovery in paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease without deep pain perception submitted to surgical treatment: 15 cases (2006-2010)

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos sem percepção à dor profunda (PDP) com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos à hemilaminectomia dorsolateral. Foram incluídos somente cães com DDIV entre os segmentos da medula espinhal T3 e L3, que estavam paraplégicos sem PDP submetidos à cirurgia descompressiva. Foi observada recuperação funcional satisfatória em 73,3% dos cães (n=11), sendo um, aos cinco dias, sete entre 15 e 30 dias e três acima de 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A duração da perda da PDP antes da cirurgia em cinco cães recuperados foi entre 12 e 48 horas e, em seis cães, acima de 48 horas. Cães paraplégicos sem PDP em decorrência da DDIV toracolombar podem apresentar recuperação funcional satisfatória quando submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico mesmo sem percepção a dor profunda com tempo superior a 48 horas. Futuras pesquisas serão necessárias para avaliar a eficiência do tratamento cirúrgico, principalmente para aqueles que perderam a PDP acima de 48 horas.

This retrospective study was to evaluate the functional recovery of paraplegic dogs without deep pain perception (DPP) with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) submitted to dorsolateral hemilaminectomy. Only dogs with IVDD between spinal cord segments T3 and L3, which were paraplegic without DPP and were submitted to decompressive surgery were included in the study. Satisfactory functional recovery was observed in 73.3% of the dogs (n=11). Recovery time after surgery was one day (one dog), between 15 and 30 days (seven dogs) and over 30 days 30 days 3 dogs). The duration of the lack of DPP before surgery was 12-48 hours, in five recovered dogs and over 48 hours in six recovered dogs It can be concluded that paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar IVD and lack of DPP may present satisfactory functional recovery when submitted to surgical treatment even when the absence of deep pain perception has settled for more than 48 hours. Further research is needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment, mainly for dogs with lack of DPP over 48 hours.

Recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos com doença do disco intervertebral toracolombar sem percepção à dor profunda submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico: 15 casos (2006-2010) / Functional recovery in paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease without deep pain perception submitted to surgical treatment: 15 cases (2006-2010)

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos sem percepção à dor profunda (PDP) com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos à hemilaminectomia dorsolateral. Foram incluídos somente cães com DDIV entre os segmentos da medula espinhal T3 e L3, que estavam paraplégicos sem PDP submetidos à cirurgia descompressiva. Foi observada recuperação funcional satisfatória em 73,3% dos cães (n=11), sendo um, aos cinco dias, sete entre 15 e 30 dias e três acima de 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A duração da perda da PDP antes da cirurgia em cinco cães recuperados foi entre 12 e 48 horas e, em seis cães, acima de 48 horas. Cães paraplégicos sem PDP em decorrência da DDIV toracolombar podem apresentar recuperação funcional satisfatória quando submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico mesmo sem percepção a dor profunda com tempo superior a 48 horas. Futuras pesquisas serão necessárias para avaliar a eficiência do tratamento cirúrgico, principalmente para aqueles que perderam a PDP acima de 48 horas.(AU)

This retrospective study was to evaluate the functional recovery of paraplegic dogs without deep pain perception (DPP) with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) submitted to dorsolateral hemilaminectomy. Only dogs with IVDD between spinal cord segments T3 and L3, which were paraplegic without DPP and were submitted to decompressive surgery were included in the study. Satisfactory functional recovery was observed in 73.3% of the dogs (n=11). Recovery time after surgery was one day (one dog), between 15 and 30 days (seven dogs) and over 30 days 30 days 3 dogs). The duration of the lack of DPP before surgery was 12-48 hours, in five recovered dogs and over 48 hours in six recovered dogs It can be concluded that paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar IVD and lack of DPP may present satisfactory functional recovery when submitted to surgical treatment even when the absence of deep pain perception has settled for more than 48 hours. Further research is needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment, mainly for dogs with lack of DPP over 48 hours.(AU)

Doença do disco intervertebral cervical em cães: 28 casos (2003-2008) / Cervical intervertebral disk disease in dogs: 28 cases (2003-2008)

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) cervical atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) entre janeiro de 2003 e outubro de 2008 e obter informações a respeito de raça, sexo, idade, sinais neurológicos, resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico, complicações, tempo de recuperação funcional após a cirurgia e ocorrência de recidiva. Hiperestesia cervical foi observada em todos os cães (n=28). Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica foram verificados: grau I (8/28[28,5 por cento]), grau II (3/28 [10,7 por cento]), grau III (5/28[17,8 por cento]) e grau V (12/2 [42,8 por cento]). A duração dos sinais neurológicos antes da cirurgia em sete cães (25 por cento) permaneceu por até 15 dias, em 14 cães (50 por cento) entre 15 e 30 dias e nos outros sete cães (25 por cento) por mais de 30 dias. A recuperação satisfatória e sem recidiva foi observada em todos os cães submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e que sobreviveram (n=21). Pode-se concluir que a DDIV cervical em nossa rotina acomete principalmente cães adultos, machos, de raças condrodistróficas e não condrodistróficas, incluindo as de grande porte; a hiperestesia cervical é a principal manifestação clínica; a técnica de fenda ventral promove recuperação funcional satisfatória e sem recidiva; as principais complicações trans-operatórias são a hemorragia do plexo venoso, a bradicardia e a hipotensão; e a duração dos sinais clínicos não interfere no tempo de recuperação pós-operatória dos cães.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical records of dogs with cervical intervertebral disk disease (IDD), submitted to surgical treatment at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), between January 2003 and October 2008. The animal data included breed, sex, age, neurological signs and their durations, response to surgical treatment, complications, time for functional recovery after surgery, and recurrence. All dogs showed cervical hyperaesthesia confirmed by the neck movement test. Regarding the degree of neurological dysfunction, the following were verified: degree I (eight dogs, 28.5 percent), degree II (three dogs, 10.7 percent), degree III (five dogs, 17.8 percent), and degree V (twelve dogs, 42.8 percent). In relation to the duration of neurological signs prior to surgery, seven dogs (25 percent) showed neurological deficits for up to 15 days, fourteen dogs (50 percent) for 15 to 30 days and the other seven dogs (25 percent) showed signs of neurological deficiencies for more than 30 days. All dogs (n=21) showed satisfactory recovery and no recurrence. It can be concluded that most affected dogs are middle aged, males and condrodystrophic and noncondrodystrophic breeds including large-breed dogs and the main neurological sign is cervical hyperaesthesia. The surgical treatment promotes satisfactory functional recovery and no recurrence, the main complications intraoperative are venous plexus hemorrhage, bradycardia and hypotension and the duration of clinical signs prior to surgery do not interfere with the recovery time of the dogs.

Doença do disco intervertebral cervical em cães: 28 casos (2003-2008) / Cervical intervertebral disk disease in dogs: 28 cases (2003-2008)

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) cervical atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) entre janeiro de 2003 e outubro de 2008 e obter informações a respeito de raça, sexo, idade, sinais neurológicos, resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico, complicações, tempo de recuperação funcional após a cirurgia e ocorrência de recidiva. Hiperestesia cervical foi observada em todos os cães (n=28). Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica foram verificados: grau I (8/28[28,5 por cento]), grau II (3/28 [10,7 por cento]), grau III (5/28[17,8 por cento]) e grau V (12/2 [42,8 por cento]). A duração dos sinais neurológicos antes da cirurgia em sete cães (25 por cento) permaneceu por até 15 dias, em 14 cães (50 por cento) entre 15 e 30 dias e nos outros sete cães (25 por cento) por mais de 30 dias. A recuperação satisfatória e sem recidiva foi observada em todos os cães submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e que sobreviveram (n=21). Pode-se concluir que a DDIV cervical em nossa rotina acomete principalmente cães adultos, machos, de raças condrodistróficas e não condrodistróficas, incluindo as de grande porte; a hiperestesia cervical é a principal manifestação clínica; a técnica de fenda ventral promove recuperação funcional satisfatória e sem recidiva; as principais complicações trans-operatórias são a hemorragia do plexo venoso, a bradicardia e a hipotensão; e a duração dos sinais clínicos não interfere no tempo de recuperação pós-operatória dos cães.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical records of dogs with cervical intervertebral disk disease (IDD), submitted to surgical treatment at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), between January 2003 and October 2008. The animal data included breed, sex, age, neurological signs and their durations, response to surgical treatment, complications, time for functional recovery after surgery, and recurrence. All dogs showed cervical hyperaesthesia confirmed by the neck movement test. Regarding the degree of neurological dysfunction, the following were verified: degree I (eight dogs, 28.5 percent), degree II (three dogs, 10.7 percent), degree III (five dogs, 17.8 percent), and degree V (twelve dogs, 42.8 percent). In relation to the duration of neurological signs prior to surgery, seven dogs (25 percent) showed neurological deficits for up to 15 days, fourteen dogs (50 percent) for 15 to 30 days and the other seven dogs (25 percent) showed signs of neurological deficiencies for more than 30 days. All dogs (n=21) showed satisfactory recovery and no recurrence. It can be concluded that most affected dogs are middle aged, males and condrodystrophic and noncondrodystrophic breeds including large-breed dogs and the main neurological sign is cervical hyperaesthesia. The surgical treatment promotes satisfactory functional recovery and no recurrence, the main complications intraoperative are venous plexus hemorrhage, bradycardia and hypotension and the duration of clinical signs prior to surgery do not interfere with the recovery time of the dogs.(AU)