Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Exposure of individuals aged 18-44 years to personal care products in Beijing, China: Exposure profiles, possible influencing factors, and risk assessment.

Personal care products (PCPs) are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment. Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of PCPs in the human body and can be crucial for identifying potential health hazards. To gain a better understanding of timely exposure profiles and health risk of reproductive-age population to PCPs, we determined six parabens, six benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, and three disinfectants in 256 urine samples collected from young adults aged 18-44 years in Beijing, China. The urinary levels of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OHBP) were significantly higher in summer compared to winter, suggesting these compounds have different seasonal usage patterns. Moreover, the total concentration of 15 PCPs in female was 430 ng/mL, approximately two times higher than that in male. P­chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX), as a new type of antibacterial agent, has the greatest level among all target analytes, indicating the increasingly use of this antibacterial alternative recently. Five potential influencing factors that lead to the elevated exposure level of PCPs were identified. Over 19% of the target population had a high hazard index value (greater than 1) which was attributed to exposure to propyl paraben (PrP), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), BP-3 and PCMX, indicating that PCPs may pose a relatively high exposure risk at environmental levels that should be a cause for concern.

Development of an equation to predict delta bilirubin levels using machine learning.

OBJECTIVE: Delta bilirubin (albumin-covalently bound bilirubin) may provide important clinical utility in identifying impaired hepatic excretion of conjugated bilirubin, but it cannot be measured in real-time for diagnostic purposes in clinical laboratories. METHODS: A total of 210 samples were collected, and their delta bilirubin levels were measured four times using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data collected included age, sex, diagnosis code, delta bilirubin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, serum hemolysis value, hemolysis index, icterus value (Iv), icterus index (Ii), lipemia value (Lv), and lipemia index. To conduct feature selection and identify the optimal combination of variables, linear regression machine learning was performed 1,000 times. RESULTS: The selected variables were total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, Iv, Ii, and Lv. The best predictive performance for high delta bilirubin concentrations was achieved with the combination of albumin-direct bilirubin-hemoglobin-Iv-Lv. The final equation composed of these variables was as follows: delta bilirubin = 0.35 × Iv + 0.05 × Lv - 0.23 × direct bilirubin - 0.05 × hemoglobin - 0.04 × albumin + 0.10. CONCLUSION: The equation established in this study is practical and can be easily applied in real-time in clinical laboratories.

Pediatric reference values of NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 based on a French cohort.

BACKGROUND: In pediatric cardiology, the fact that some new biomarkers have assay-specific normal values has to be considered for correct clinical decisions. The current study aimed to provide age-adjusted normative values for NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 using the Abbott immunoassay system from a prospective French pediatric cohort sera collection and to validate our data for NT-proBNP on a second retrospective cohort. METHODS: We analyzed 283 consecutive samples for NT-proBNP and 140 samples for Galectin-3 collected from apparently healthy children (0-18 years) with outpatient treatment at our institution (Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France) during 24 months. RESULTS: For NT-proBNP and Galectin-3, we establish four age partitions, respectively two (<2 years / >2 years) and establish upper reference values and their 90 % CI for each biomarker (Galectin-3 (ng/mL): 56 [44-70] / 26 [23-29]). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of our upper reference values of NT-proBNP on a retrospective cohort (n = 428) with positive predictive value of 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: Using Abbott immunoassay system, we report age-specific reference values for NT-proBNP and for the first time for Galectin-3 in a healthy French pediatric cohort. These data call for larger cohort studies to define more robustly percentiles and diagnostic performance for NT-proBNP.

Desarrollo de la comprensión emocional. ¿Qué tipo de tecnología para qué alumno con trastorno del espectro autista? Revisión sistemática / Development of emotional understanding. What type of technology for which student with autism spectrum disorder? Systematic review

La falta de información sobre el uso de la tecnología en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de diferentes perfiles puede dificultar que docentes y alumnos se estén beneficiando del apoyo tecnológico más eficaz y ajustado a sus necesidades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar y sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia de los recursos tecnológicos en la mejora de la comprensión emocional de estudiantes con TEA con perfiles de alto y bajo funcionamiento. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas indexadas en algunas de las bases de datos de mayor relevancia siguiendo los criterios establecidos en la declaración PRISMA. En total se analizaron 38 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de diseñar sistemas versátiles que puedan personalizarse y adaptarse en tiempo real y en contextos naturales con un enfoque claramente inclusivo. Pero también sugieren que la tecnología puede no ser una herramienta de intervención complementaria adecuada para todos los niños con TEA. Lo que subraya la necesidad de ensayos adicionales bien controlados sobre las características que permitan identificar qué estudiantes podrían o no beneficiarse de diferentes modalidades de tecnología. (AU)

The lack of information on the use of technology in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of different profiles can make it difficult for teachers and students to benefit from the most effective technology support tailored to their needs. The aim of this review was to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of technological resources in improving the emotional understanding of students with high and low functioning ASD profiles. A systematic review of the scientific publications indexed in some of the most relevant databases was carried out following the criteria established in the PRISMA declaration. A total of 38 articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results show the importance of designing versatile systems that can be customized and adapted in real time and in natural contexts with a clearly inclusive approach. But they also suggest that technology may not be an appropriate complementary intervention tool for all children with ASD. This underlines the need for additional well-controlled tests on the characteristics that would allow identifying which students might or might not benefit from different technology modalities. (AU)

Desarrollo de la comprensión emocional. ¿Qué tipo de tecnología para qué alumno con trastorno del espectro autista? Revisión sistemática / Development of emotional understanding. What type of technology for which student with autism spectrum disorder? Systematic review

La falta de información sobre el uso de la tecnología en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de diferentes perfiles puede dificultar que docentes y alumnos se estén beneficiando del apoyo tecnológico más eficaz y ajustado a sus necesidades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar y sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia de los recursos tecnológicos en la mejora de la comprensión emocional de estudiantes con TEA con perfiles de alto y bajo funcionamiento. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas indexadas en algunas de las bases de datos de mayor relevancia siguiendo los criterios establecidos en la declaración PRISMA. En total se analizaron 38 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de diseñar sistemas versátiles que puedan personalizarse y adaptarse en tiempo real y en contextos naturales con un enfoque claramente inclusivo. Pero también sugieren que la tecnología puede no ser una herramienta de intervención complementaria adecuada para todos los niños con TEA. Lo que subraya la necesidad de ensayos adicionales bien controlados sobre las características que permitan identificar qué estudiantes podrían o no beneficiarse de diferentes modalidades de tecnología. (AU)

The lack of information on the use of technology in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of different profiles can make it difficult for teachers and students to benefit from the most effective technology support tailored to their needs. The aim of this review was to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of technological resources in improving the emotional understanding of students with high and low functioning ASD profiles. A systematic review of the scientific publications indexed in some of the most relevant databases was carried out following the criteria established in the PRISMA declaration. A total of 38 articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results show the importance of designing versatile systems that can be customized and adapted in real time and in natural contexts with a clearly inclusive approach. But they also suggest that technology may not be an appropriate complementary intervention tool for all children with ASD. This underlines the need for additional well-controlled tests on the characteristics that would allow identifying which students might or might not benefit from different technology modalities. (AU)

Mecánica y energética durante la marcha en cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos saludables: efecto del IMC y la edad / Mechanics and energy during treadmill walking in healthy uruguayan adults: effect of BMI and age / Mecânica e energia durante a caminhada em esteira em adultos uruguaios saudáveis: efeito do IMC e Idade

La evaluación de la marcha en cinta caminadora puede resultar relevante para la toma de decisiones clínicas. No obstante, factores demográficos como la edad y el IMC pueden alterar la interpretación de los resultados. Nuestro objetivo fue obtener variables espacio- temporales, energéticas y costo de transporte durante la velocidad autoseleccionada en cinta caminadora para una muestra representativa de adultos uruguayos (n=28) y evaluar si diferentes rangos de edades e IMC pueden ser factores a tener en cuenta en pruebas clínicas donde se consideren dichas variables. Participaron 17 hombres y 11 mujeres (39,3 ± 14,8 años, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Se realizó una reconstrucción 3D del movimiento en forma sincronizada con el consumo energético. Se obtuvieron valores de referencia y luego de agrupar los participantes según su IMC y rango de edad se compararon los datos mediante test de t (p≤0.05). Los resultados revelaron discrepancias significativas en las medidas espacio-temporales y energéticas de los adultos uruguayos al caminar en cinta con respecto a la literatura. La marcha difiere entre adultos jóvenes y de mediana edad en su velocidad autoseleccionada (p=0,03), longitud de zancada (p=0,01), trabajo mecánico externo (<0,001) y recuperación de energía mecánica (0,009), destacando la importancia de considerar la edad en evaluaciones clínicas. El IMC no influyó significativamente en estas variables. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de ajustar las interpretaciones de las pruebas clínicas de la marcha sobre cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos de mediana edad (45 a 65 años).

Treadmill gait assessment can be relevant for clinical decision-making. However, demographic factors such as age and BMI may alter result interpretation. Our aim was to obtain spatiotemporal, energetic, and cost of transport variables during self-selected treadmill walking speed for a representative sample of Uruguayan adults (n=28) and to assess if different age ranges and BMI could be factors to consider in clinical tests involving these variables. Seventeen men and eleven women participated (39.3 ± 14.8 years, 75.9 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.09 m, BMI 25.2 ± 4.06). A synchronized 3D motion reconstruction was performed with energy consumption. Reference values were obtained and data were compared using t-tests (p≤0.05), after grouping participants by BMI and age range. Results revealed significant discrepancies in spatiotemporal and energetic measures of Uruguayan adults walking on the treadmill, compared to the literature. Gait differed between young and middle-aged adults in their self-selected speed (p=0.03), stride length (p=0.01), external mechanical work (p<0.001), and mechanical energy recovery (0.009), emphasizing the importance of considering age in clinical evaluations. BMI did not significantly influence these variables. These findings underscore the need to adjust interpretations of treadmill gait clinical tests in middle-aged Uruguayan adults (45 to 65 years).

A avaliação da marcha na esteira pode ser relevante para a tomada de decisões clínicas. No entanto, fatores demográficos como idade e IMC podem alterar a interpretação dos resultados. Nosso objetivo foi obter variáveis espaço-temporais, energéticas e custo de transporte durante a velocidade de caminhada autoselecionada na esteira para uma amostra representativa de adultos uruguaios (n = 28) e avaliar se diferentes faixas etárias e IMC podem ser fatores a serem considerados em testes clínicos que envolvam essas variáveis. Dezessete homens e onze mulheres participaram (39,3 ± 14,8 anos, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Foi realizada uma reconstrução tridimensional do movimento sincronizada com o consumo de energia. Foram obtidos valores de referência e os dados foram comparados usando testes t (p≤0,05), após agrupar os participantes por IMC e faixa etária. Os resultados revelaram discrepâncias significativas nas medidas espaço-temporais e energéticas dos adultos uruguaios ao caminhar na esteira, em comparação com a literatura. A marcha diferiu entre adultos jovens e de meia-idade em sua velocidade autoselecionada (p=0,03), comprimento da passada (p=0,01), trabalho mecânico externo (<0,001) e recuperação de energia mecânica (0,009), destacando a importância de considerar a idade em avaliações clínicas. O IMC não influenciou significativamente essas variáveis. Esses achados destacam a necessidade de ajustar as interpretações dos testes clínicos de marcha na esteira em adultos uruguaios de meia- idade (45 a 65 anos).

Relationship between nutritional and dietary factors and the risk of recurrence or new primary tumors in survivors of pediatric and adolescent cancer: A scoping review

Objective: This scoping review aims to map the dietary and nutritional risk factors that in-creasetheriskofrecurrenceoranewprimarytumorinsurvivorsofpediatricandado-lescent cancer. Introduction: Pediatric and adolescent cancer survivors are more likely to recurrence or develop a new primary tumor. Diet and nutrition play a nessential role in favoring this scenario. Inclusion criteria: We will guide the research question by the PCC (population, concept, and context) strategy, adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual. The population is survivors of pediatric and adolescent cancer, the concept is dietary and nutritional risk factors, and the context is recurrence or new primary tumors. Wewill include cohort and case-control studies. Methods: We will conduct a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR checklist using the ayyansoftwareandMicrosoftExcel.WewillincludestudiespublishedinPubmed/Medline and Embase with no publication year or language restriction

Study of stereopsis using a depth sensation detection platform equipped with computer vision technology (DALE3D) / Estudio de estereopsis mediante una plataforma de detección de sensaciones de profundidad equipada con tecnología de visión por ordenador (DALE3D)

Background and objectives: The invention described herein is a prototype based on computer vision technology that measures depth perception and is intended for the early examination of stereopsis. Materials and methods: The prototype (software and hardware) is a depth perception measurement system that consists on: (a) a screen showing stereoscopic models with a guide point that the subject must point to; (b) a camera capturing the distance between the screen and the subject's finger; and (c) a unit for recording, processing and storing the captured measurements. For test validation, the reproducibility and reliability of the platform were calculated by comparing results with standard stereoscopic tests. A demographic study of depth perception by subgroup analysis is shown. Subjective comparison of the different tests was carried out by means of a satisfaction survey. Results: We included 94 subjects, 25 children and 69 adults, with a mean age of 34.2 ± 18.9 years; 36.2 % were men and 63.8 % were women. The DALE3D platform obtained good repeatability with an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.94 and 0.87, and coefficient of variation (CV) between 0.1 and 0.26. Threshold determining optimal and suboptimal results was calculated for Randot and DALE3D test. Spearman's correlation coefficient, between thresholds was not statistically significant (p value > 0.05). The test was considered more visually appealing and easier to use by the participants (90 % maximum score). Conclusions: The DALE3D platform is a potentially useful tool for measuring depth perception with optimal reproducibility rates. Its innovative design makes it a more intuitive tool for children than current stereoscopic tests. Nevertheless, further studies will be needed to assess whether the depth perception measured by the DALE3D platform is a sufficiently reliable parameter to assess stereopsis.(AU)

Binocular vision parameters and visual performance in bilateral keratoconus corrected with spectacles versus rigid gas-permeable contact lenses / Parámetros de visión binocular y rendimiento visual en queratocono bilateral corregido con gafas versus lentes de contacto rígidos permeables al gas

Purpose: To analyze binocular vision of individuals aged 18 to 35 years diagnosed with keratoconus, utilizing spectacles and rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses. Research was led by the Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México and Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina Pereira, Colombia. Methods: A single center, prospective non-randomized, comparative, interventional, open-label study, in which the differences in binocular vision performance with both spectacles and RGP contact lenses was carried out from December 2018 to December 2019. Sampling was performed according to consecutive cases with keratoconus that met the inclusion criteria until the proposed sample size was reached. Results: Rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses notably enhanced distance and near visual acuity in keratoconus patients compared to spectacles. Visual alignment analysis shows exophoria at both distances and is slightly higher with RGP contact lenses. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05), with 82.5 % presenting compensated phoria with spectacles and pnly 42.50% with RGP contact lenses. Stereoscopic vision improved while wearing RGP contact lenses (42.59 %), although accommodation and accommodative flexibility remained within normal ranges. Conclusions: Patients with keratoconus fitted with RGP contact lenses have improved binocular vision skills such as visual acuity, stereopsis, and accommodative flexibility. However, even when the vergence and motor system is decompensated with respect to normal ranges, the range between break and recovery points for both fusional reserves and the near point of convergence (NPC) improves with the use of RGP contact lenses, giving indications of an adaptive condition of the motor system from the medium to the long term.(AU)

The examination of the relationships among digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety in adolescents / El examen de las relaciones entre adicción digital, soledad, timidez y ansiedad social en adolescentes

La adicción digital, que se determina como un problema común entre los adolescentes en los últimos años, afecta negativamente la vida de los adolescentes en muchos aspectos. El objetivo del estudio es examinar las relaciones entre la adicción digital, la soledad, la timidez y la ansiedad social de los adolescentes. Gate se reunió con adolescentes que completaron la Escala de adicción digital, la versión corta de la Escala de soledad de UCLA, la Escala de timidez y la Escala de gravedad del trastorno de ansiedad social DSM-5 - Formulario infantil. Las hipótesis sugeridas se han probado utilizando los datos recopilados de 991 adolescentes y un análisis de regresión jerárquica. Los resultados de la investigación encontraron una relación positiva y significativa entre la adicción digital, la soledad, la timidez y la ansiedad social entre los adolescentes. Además, los hallazgos muestran que la adicción digital, la soledad y la timidez predicen la ansiedad social. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la adicción digital, la soledad y la timidez tienen efecto sobre la ansiedad social. Según los hallazgos, se sugiere aplicar diversas intervenciones educativas por parte de profesionales de la salud mental a adolescentes que presenten signos de adicción digital, soledad, timidez y ansiedad social.(AU)

Digital addiction, which is determined as a common problem among adolescents in the last years, affects the lives of adolescents nega-tively in terms of many aspects. The aim of the study is to examine the re-lationships between adolescents' digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety. Gate gathered from adolescents who completed Digital Ad-diction Scale, Short Form of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Shyness Scale, and DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale -Child Form. The suggest-ed hypotheses have been tested using the data gathered from 991 adoles-cents and hierarchical regression analysis. The research findings found a positive and significant relationship between digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety among adolescents. Furthermore, the findings show that digital addiction, loneliness, and shyness predict social anxiety. The results obtained prove that digital addiction, loneliness and shyness have an effect on social anxiety. According to the findings, it is suggested to applyvarious educational interventions by mental health professionals to adolescents who show signs of digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety.(AU)

Social media uses amongst adolescents: motives, minority stress and eudaimonic well-being / Uso de redes sociales en adolescentes: motivación, estrés de minorías y bienestar eudaimónico

Introduction: The scientific evidence regarding the effects of online social media use on the well-being of adolescents is mixed. In gen-eral, passive uses (receiving, viewing content without interacting) and more screen time are related to lower well-being when compared with active uses (direct interactions and interpersonal exchanges). Objectives:This study ex-amines the types and motives for social media usage amongst adolescents, differentiating them by gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as its effects on eudaimonic well-being and minority stress. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1259 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 (M= 16.19; SD= 1.08), analysing the Scale of Motives for Using Social Net-working Sites, eudaimonic well-being, the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory, screen time and profile type. Results:The results found that longer use time is related to finding partners, social connection and friendships; that gay and bisexual (GB) adolescents perceive more distal stressors online;and that females have higher levels of well-being. Discus-sion: The public profiles of GB males increase self-expression, although minority stress can be related to discrimination, rejection or exclusion. Dif-ferentiated socialization may contribute to a higher level of well-being in females, with both active and passive uses positively effecting eudaimonic well-being in adolescents.(AU)

Introduction: The scientific evidence regarding the effects of online social media use on the well-being of adolescents is mixed. In general, passive uses (receiving, viewing content without interacting) and more screen time are related to lower well-being when compared with active uses (direct interactions and interpersonal exchanges). Objectives: This study examines the types and motives for social media usage amongst adolescents, differentiating them by gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as its effects on eudaimonic well-being and minority stress. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1259 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 (M = 16.19; SD = 1.08), analysing the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites, eudaimonic well-being, the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory, screen time and profile type. Results: The results found that longer use time is related to finding partners, social connection and friendships; that gay and bisexual (GB) adolescents perceive more distal stressors online; and that females have higher levels of well-being. Discussion: The public profiles of GB males increase self-expression, although minority stress can be related to discrimination, rejection or exclusion. Differentiated socialization may contribute to a higher level of well-being in females, with both active and passive uses positively effecting eudaimonic well-being in adolescents.(AU)

Síndrome do QT longo tipo 7: a importância diagnóstica de uma entidade rara / Long QT syndrome type 7: the diagnostic importance of a rare entity

INTRODUÇÃO A síndrome de Andersen-Tawil ou SQTL tipo 7 (SQTL7) é uma canalopatia rara associada à mutação do gene KCNJ2 e caracterizada por arritmias ventriculares secundárias à ativação adrenérgica, paralisia periódica e dismorfismo. A idade média de apresentação clínica é 14 anos. Os casos mais graves podem cursar com Torsades de pointes e fibrilação ventricular. CASO CLÍNICO Paciente de 17 anos, com história de palpitações e diagnóstico de extrassístoles ventriculares (EV) idiopáticas desde os 4 anos de idade, em uso de propranolol para controle sintomático. Seguia apresentando palpitações e dor torácica, além de eletrocardiograma (ECG) com alta densidade de EV. Foi submetido a estudo eletrofisiológico e tentativa ineficaz de ablação em outubro de 2023. No mês seguinte apresentou quadro de morte súbita abortada, com ECG evidenciando intervalo QT de 580 ms (548 ms corrigido por Bazett). Foi então submetido ao teste genético, que confirmou SQTL7, com positividade para gene KCNJ2. O holter 24 horas revelou intervalo QT de 580 ms. A ressonância cardíaca evidenciou disfunção sistólica moderada de ventrículo esquerdo, com fração de ejeção de 37% e fibrose miocárdica na parede lateral médio-basal de padrão coronariano. Ecocardiograma transtorácico com hipocinesia miocárdica difusa do ventrículo esquerdo, com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda excêntrica. Foi iniciado tratamento para insuficiência cardíaca com troca de propranolol por metoprolol e enalapril, com melhora sintomática completa. Implantado o cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI) para prevenção secundária, após o qual o paciente não apresentou nenhum evento de baixo débito ou arritmias malignas. CONCLUSÕES Relatado caso de paciente com manifestação de EV frequentes desde a primeira infância, evoluindo oligossintomático até apresentar palpitações e dor torácica aos 16 anos, além de alterações eletrocardiográficas sugestivas de SQTL7: onda U exuberante, episódios frequentes de bigeminismo ventricular, taquicardia ventricular não sustentada e taquicardia ventricular bidirecional. Confirmado diagnóstico da SQTL7 após a identificação de variante patogênica em heterozigose do gene KCNJ2 em teste genético. Apesar da alta carga de arritmias ventriculares e refratariedade ao tratamento medicamentoso usual, a SQTL7 costuma apresentar prognóstico favorável a longo prazo, quando em comparação a outras canalopatias.

Imaging diagnosis of compound - complex odontoma and impacted dental elements: a case report

O odontoma é o mais comum tumor odontogênico, definido como malformação benigna, geralmente descoberto na segunda década de vida, durante a investigação de erupção tardia de dentes adjacentes ou retenção prolongada de dentes decíduos. O odontoma é subdividido em composto e complexo. O Odontoma classificado como Composto é constituído por um conjunto de estruturas similares a dentes, de formas e tamanhos diversos, cercados por uma área delgada radiolúcida. Já o Odontoma Complexo se assemelha a uma massa calcificada que apresenta a mesma radiopacidade do tecido dentário, também cercado por uma área delgada radiolúcida. Ocasionalmente, esses dois aspectos podem ser vistos em uma mesma lesão. Frequentemente os odontomas podem provocar um aumento de volume ósseo local devido ao seu desenvolvimento. O diagnóstico é feito através de exames radiográficos de rotina e quando necessário pode-se também lançar mão de Radiografias Panorâmicas e Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam com o intuito de verificar sua extensão, as malformações e alterações de erupção causadas aos dentes adjacentes, assim como a classificação do tumor. Este relato de caso apresenta um Odontoma Composto-Complexo em um paciente de 13 anos, do sexo masculino, atendido em 2016 na Clínica de Diagnóstico Bucal II da Universidade Federal Fluminense, que apresentou elementos dentários 22 e 23 impactados, retenção prolongada do elemento 63 e aumento de volume na região anterior do lado esquerdo da maxila. Para obtenção do diagnóstico foram realizadas: Radiografias Periapicais, Radiografia Panorâmica e Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar as formas de diagnóstico por imagem que foram utilizadas neste caso clínico e quais as vantagens de cada exame.

Odontomas are the most common type of odontogenic tumors, defined as a benign malformation, usually diagnosed in the second decade of life, during the investigation of late adjacent teeth eruption or a delay in exfoliation of deciduous teeth. They are divided into two types: compound and complex. The odontoma classified as compound is composed of multiple small tooth-like structures, in several shapes and sizes, surrounded by a thin radiolucent rim. On the other hand, complex odontomas resemble a mass of calcified tissue that presents the same dental tissue radiopacity, also surrounded by a thin radiolucent rim. Occasionally, both aspects can be seen in the same lesion. Often, odontomas can cause a local increase in bone volume due to their development. The diagnosis is made through routine radiographic examination and, when it is necessary, it is possible to make use of panoramic radiographies and cone beam computed tomography with the purpose of verifying its extension, malformations and erupted alterations caused to the adjacent teeth, as well as the tumor classification. This case report presents a Compound-Complex Odontoma in a 13-year-old male patient, treated in 2016 at the Oral Diagnosis Clinic II of the Federal Fluminense University. He presented impacted teeth 22 and 23, delayed eruption of tooth 63 and volume increase in the left anterior maxilla site. Aiming the patient's diagnosis, the following exams were necessary: periapical radiographies, panoramic radiography, cone beam computed tomography. The aim of this paper is to explain the different image diagnostic tools which were used in this clinical study and what are the advantages of each exam.

Stressing the System: Pediatric Trauma Centers May Be Unready to Implement Comprehensive Acute Stress Screening Programs for Pediatric Trauma Patients.

BACKGROUND: Children experiencing trauma are at risk of developing acute and chronic stress disorders. In 2022, the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma required verified pediatric trauma centers to screen at-risk patients and provide mental health provider referrals as needed. OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to assess the current readiness of pediatric trauma centers to meet the new American College of Surgeons requirements. METHODS: This study used an exploratory, electronic, cross-sectional survey design. The Pediatric Trauma Society distributed a survey on mental health screening practices to its members in February 2023. Results were summarized with descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to compare responses of Levels I and II pediatric trauma centers. RESULTS: There were 91 survey responses from the PTS membership of 1247 (response rate of 7.3%). Fifty-nine participants were from Level I and 27 from Level II pediatric trauma centers. 63.8% of Level I and 51.9% of Level II center respondents currently screened for acute stress (χ2(1) = 1.09, p = .30). Of these, 75.7% of Level I and 57.1% of Level II center respondents routinely screened all admitted trauma patients (χ2(1) = 1.68, p = .19). However, only 32.4% of Level I and 21.4% of Level II respondents reported having outpatient acute stress referral protocols. For pediatric trauma centers currently without screening, 65% of Level I and 46.2% of Level II pediatric trauma center respondents felt they needed more than six months to establish a program (χ2(1) = 1.15, p = .28). Most respondents (68.9%) reported staff shortages as a barrier to the delivery of acute stress services. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric trauma center compliance with acute stress screening requirements for verification is variable. Pediatric trauma centers may benefit from technical assistance with acute stress screening.

Where would young people using an online STI testing service want to be treated? A survey of young Australians.

Background Although there has been growth in online STI testing services, more attention is needed to understand how to facilitate effective treatment pathways for users. This study investigated where young people want to be treated for gonorrhoea and syphilis if they test positive using an online service. Methods We conducted an online survey of Australians aged 16-29years that included multiple choice and free-text questions about their preferred location for receiving injectable antibiotics. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression examined associations between respondent characteristics and service preferences. Content analysis was used to code free-text responses. Results Among 905 survey respondents, 777 (85.9%) answered questions on treatment preferences. Respondents most commonly preferred injectable antibiotics provided by a sexual health clinic (294; 37.8%) or a nurse in a pharmacy (208; 26.8%). Gender/sexually diverse respondents were more likely to select sexual health clinics over general practice (MSM RRR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.7; WSW RRR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-5.7; trans/non-binary RRR 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.0). Older respondents (aged 25-29years) were more likely to choose all alternatives over general practice, with the reverse found for those who had previously tested. From open-text answers, pharmacies were valued for their convenience, and sexual health clinics for providing non-judgemental, free services by specialists. Conclusions Differences in treatment preferences by certain groups of young people suggest that different service offerings may influence treatment-seeking outcomes from online STI testing services.

Splenic Hydatid Cysts Treated by Partial Splenectomy: Case Series and Literature Review.

PURPOSE: Hydatic cysts (HC) rarely occur primarily in the spleen. Partial splenectomy (PS) is an established procedure for preserving spleen parenchyma, but rarely used in the treatment of HC. We aim to present our experience with PS for HC and to review the literature of splenic HC treated by PS. Material and Methods: The databases of PS performed between 2000 and 2023 in the Department of General Surgery of Fundeni Clinical Institute (Bucharest) for HC have been reviewed retrospectively. Searching the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases for keywords such as "partial splenectomy", "splenic hydatid cyst" etc, we retrieved publications from 2000 to December 2023 in English for a literature review. We excluded studies which were not published in English and studies which did not provide accurate or specific data regarding the treatment of splenic HC by PS. Results: There were 10 PS for HC. Six females and 4 males, ages between 16 and 41 (31Ã+-8.43), 9 with HC in the upper splenic pole (UP) treated by PS with lower pole (LP) preservation and one inferior pole HC treated by LP PS. There were 4 open, 2 laparoscopic and 4 robotic PS. There were no complications or recurrences at follow up (2 years). The literature review consists of 14 full-text articles, presenting 42 PS for HC. CONCLUSION: PS for HC is feasible, achieves complete removal of the cyst, while preserving splenic function. The procedure can be performed laparoscopically or robotically with the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.

A Statistical Model for Inference of Recent and Incident HIV Infection Using Surveillance Data on Individuals Newly Diagnosed With HIV Infection in Scotland.

BACKGROUND: To inform global ambitions to end AIDS, evaluation of progress toward HIV incidence reduction requires robust methods to measure incidence. Although HIV diagnosis date in routine HIV/AIDS surveillance systems are often used as a surrogate marker for incidence, it can be misleading if acquisition of transmission occurred years before testing. Other information present in data such as antibody testing dates, avidity testing result, and CD4 counts can assist, but the degree of missing data is often prohibitive. METHODS: We constructed a Bayesian statistical model to estimate the annual proportion of first ever HIV diagnoses in Scotland (period 2015-2019) that represent recent HIV infection (ie, occurring within the previous 3-4 months) and incident HIV infection (ie, infection within the previous 12 months), by synthesizing avidity testing results and surveillance data on the interval since last negative HIV test. RESULTS: Over the 5-year analysis period, the model-estimated proportion of incident infection was 43.9% (95% CI: 40.9 to 47.0), and the proportion of recent HIV infection was 21.6% (95% CI: 19.1 to 24.1). Among the mode of HIV acquisition categories, the highest proportion of recent infection was estimated for people who inject drugs: 27.4% (95% CI: 20.4 to 34.4). CONCLUSIONS: The Bayesian approach is appropriate for the high prevalence of missing data that can occur in routine surveillance data sets. The proposed model will aid countries in improving their understanding of the number of people who have recently acquired their infection, which is needed to progress toward the goal of HIV transmission elimination.

Sleep, Sleep Apnea, and Fatigue in People Living With HIV.

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) often report fatigue even when viral load is suppressed. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is often associated with fatigue, is common in PLWH, but whether OSA explains fatigue in this population is unknown. SETTING: Academic university-affiliated HIV and Sleep Medicine Clinics. METHODS: PLWH, aged 18-65 years, with a body mass index of 20-35 kg/m2 and viral suppression (RNA <200 copies per mL), were recruited to undergo daytime questionnaires, including the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 7 days of actigraphy (to determine daily sleep duration and activity amplitude and rhythms), and an in-laboratory polysomnography to assess for the presence and severity of OSA. RESULTS: Of 120 subjects with evaluable data, 90 (75%) had OSA using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 3% desaturation or arousal criteria, with an apnea-hypopnea index >5/h. There was no difference in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy scores between those with and without OSA, although those with OSA did report more daytime sleepiness as measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. In a multivariable model, predictors of fatigue included more variable daily sleep durations and decreased mean activity counts. Sleepiness was predicted by the presence of OSA. CONCLUSION: OSA was very common in our cohort of PLWH, with those with OSA reporting more sleepiness but not more fatigue. Variability in sleep duration was associated with increased fatigue. Further study is needed to determine if treatment of OSA, or an emphasis on sleep consistency and timing, improves symptoms of fatigue in PLWH.

COVID-19 lockdown effects on adolescent brain structure suggest accelerated maturation that is more pronounced in females than in males.

Adolescence is a period of substantial social-emotional development, accompanied by dramatic changes to brain structure and function. Social isolation due to lockdowns that were imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental impact on adolescent mental health, with the mental health of females more affected than males. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on adolescent brain structure with a focus on sex differences. We collected MRI structural data longitudinally from adolescents prior to and after the pandemic lockdowns. The pre-COVID data were used to create a normative model of cortical thickness change with age during typical adolescent development. Cortical thickness values in the post-COVID data were compared to this normative model. The analysis revealed accelerated cortical thinning in the post-COVID brain, which was more widespread throughout the brain and greater in magnitude in females than in males. When measured in terms of equivalent years of development, the mean acceleration was found to be 4.2 y in females and 1.4 y in males. Accelerated brain maturation as a result of chronic stress or adversity during development has been well documented. These findings suggest that the lifestyle disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns caused changes in brain biology and had a more severe impact on the female than the male brain.