ABSTRACT
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a major worldwide disease with negative economic impact on cattle production. Successful control programs of BVD require the identification and culling of persistently infected (PI) animals with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). A variety of diagnostic tests are available to detect BVDV, but no comparison has been performed among those tests in Argentina. Sera collected from 2864 cattle, belonging to 55 herds from three Argentinean provinces, were analyzed by nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) to detect BVDV for diagnostic purposes. Additionally, this study evaluated the agreement of the RT-nPCR along with virus isolation, antigen-capture ELISA, and real-time RT-PCR for BVDV detection in archived bovine serum samples (n = 90). The RT-nPCR was useful for BVDV detection in pooled and individual serum samples. BVDV was detected in 1% (29/2864) of the cattle and in 20% (11/55) of the herds. The proportion of BVDV-positive sera was not statistically different among the tests. In addition, comparisons showed high agreement levels, with the highest values between both RT-PCR protocols. The frequency of BVDV infection at individual and herd level was lower than the reported values worldwide. Since follow-up testing was not performed, the frequency of PI cattle was unknown. Also, this study demonstrated that the four diagnostic tests can be used reliably for BVDV identification in individual serum samples. Further epidemiologically designed studies that address prevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of BVDV in Argentina will be necessary to implement effective control programs.
Subject(s)
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/blood , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/diagnosis , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/veterinary , Serologic Tests/standards , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Animals , Argentina , Cattle , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification , Limit of Detection , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Serologic Tests/methods , SerumABSTRACT
Influenza D virus (IDV) is considered a new agent involved in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Based on seroprevalence studies or isolation from clinical samples, this virus has been detected on several continents and in several animal species, including cattle, pigs, camel, horses, and goats. We used an indirect in-house ELISA to detect anti-IDV antibodies in 165 serum samples from bulls on 116 farms in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Eighty-five of 116 (73%) farms had at least 1 positive animal, and 112 of 165 (68%) of the analyzed samples were positive. There were no significant differences in the proportion of seropositive samples depending on the geographic region in which the samples were taken. Our results suggest that IDV infection is endemic in La Pampa; the clinical importance of IDV in Argentina remains to be investigated.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary , Thogotovirus/isolation & purification , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Argentina/epidemiology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/virology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Male , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
The evolution of polyphenolic compounds and sensory properties of wines obtained from Grenache grapes, either untreated or treated with pulsed electric fields (PEF), in the course of bottle aging, as well as during oak aging followed by bottle aging, were compared. Immediately prior to aging in bottles or in barrels, enological parameters that depend on phenolic extraction during skin maceration were higher when grapes had been treated with PEF. In terms of color intensity, phenolic families, and individual phenols, the wine obtained with grapes treated by PEF followed an evolution similar to untreated control wine in the course of aging. Sensory analysis revealed that the application of a PEF treatment resulted in wines that are sensorially different: panelists preferred wines obtained from grapes treated with PEF. Physicochemical and sensory analyses showed that grapes treated with PEF are suitable for obtaining wines that require aging in bottles or in oak barrels.
ABSTRACT
En este espacio o sección se reportan o describen diagnósticos interesantes o novedosos que hacen a la práctica clínica alergológica en general
ABSTRACT
En este espacio o sección se reportan o describen diagnósticos interesantes o novedosos que hacen a la práctica clínica alergológica en general