Effect of Intrathecal Eugenol on Cerebral Vasospasm in an Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model.

BACKGROUND: Eugenol has various curative properties. It affects the dilatation of cerebral arteries through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel inhibition. This study is the first to explore the impact of eugenol on neuroprotection and vasospasm in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model. METHODS: Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were indiscriminately separated into 3 groups: the control group (n = 8), the SAH group (n = 8), and the eugenol group (n = 8). A double-bleeding method was used. The eugenol group received intracisternal eugenol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 30 µg/20 µl after induction of SAH. On the day 7, all groups were euthanized. Measurements were taken for basilar artery wall thickness, lumen diameter, serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), and caspase-3 levels. RESULTS: The eugenol group exhibited significantly lower wall thickness, ET-1, oxidative stress index, and caspase-3 levels compared to the SAH group. In comparison to the control group, the eugenol group showed a higher oxidative stress index along with higher ET-1 and caspase-3 levels, but these differences were not statistically significant. Wall thickness was significantly higher in the eugenol group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first literature exploration of intrathecal eugenol's impact on vasospasm induced after experimental SAH. Administration of intrathecal eugenol demonstrates a positive effect on the treatment of experimental vasospasm as well as on the reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis.

The preventive effect of omega-3 fish oil on the formation of peritoneal adhesions.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> Postoperative peritoneal adhesions that form after abdominal surgery still continue to exist as an unresolved health problem.</br> <br><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study is to examine whether omega-3 fish oil has a preventive effect on postoperative peritoneal adhesions.</br> <br><b>Material and methods:</b> Twenty-one female Wistar albino rats were separated into 3 groups (sham, control and experimental), each consisting of 7 rats. In the sham group, only laparotomy was performed. In both the control and experimental group rats, the right parietal peritoneum and cecum were traumatised to form petechiae. Following this procedure, the abdomen was irrigated with omega-3 fish oil in the experimental group. The rats were re-explored on the 14^th postoperative day and any adhesions were scored. Tissue samples and blood samples were taken for histopathological and biochemical analysis.</br> <br><b>Results:</b> None of the rats that were administered omega-3 fish oil developed macroscopic postoperative peritoneal adhesions (P = 0.005). The omega-3 fish oil formed an anti-adhesive lipid barrier on the injured tissue surfaces. Microscopic evaluation revealed diffuse inflammation with excessive connective tissue and fibroblastic activity in the control group rats, while foreign body reactions were common in the omega-3 rats. The mean amount of hydroxyproline in samples from injured tissues was significantly lower in the omega-3 rats than in the control rats (P = 0.004).</br> <br><b>Conclusion:</b> Intraperitoneal application of omega-3 fish oil prevents postoperative peritoneal adhesions by forming an anti-adhesive lipid barrier on injured tissue surfaces. However, further studies are needed to determine whether this adipose layer is permanent or will be resorbed over time.</br>.