Association of perceived social support with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables in patients with first-episode psychosis.

Patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) report deficits in social support (SS) and diminished and less satisfactory social networks than healthy controls (HC). These SS difficulties are linked with symptomatology. The study objectives were to: (a) compare perceived SS between patients with FEP and HC; (b) study sex differences regarding perceived SS in patients with FEP and HC; and (c) explore which sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial variables are related to perceived SS in the onset of FEP. A total of 146 participants were included: 76 patients with FEP (24 females, 52 males) and 70 HC (20 females, 50 males). Perceived SS was assessed with the DUKE-UNK instrument, which is divided into two subscales: confidant support (CS) and affective support (AS). Significant differences regarding perceived SS were observed between the samples. No sex differences were found concerning perceived SS in each group. For the group with FEP, more years of education, less anxiety/depressive symptoms and better functioning were the most relevant variables for more overall perceived SS and perceived CS. Also, less suicidal risk was the only important indicator for more perceived AS. Interventions in perceived SS could contribute to a good evolution of FEP.

Estrategias de afrontamiento durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes con primer episodio psicótico: el impacto en su vida diaria / Coping strategies during covid-19 lockdown in patients with first-episode psychosis: the impact on their daily life

Introducción: El confinamiento por la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) interrumpió la vida de todo el mundo en marzo de 2020. El confinamiento obligatorio duró dos meses, lo que tuvo un impacto en la salud mental de las personas. Sin embargo, se desconoce en gran medida cómo afectó a quienes ya luchaban con problemas de salud mental. Métodos: Se recopiló información de 18 pacientes con primer episodio psicótico (PEP) mediante una encuesta en línea. La encuesta tenía preguntas sobre COVID-19, el impacto del confinamiento en la vida diaria y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas durante el confinamiento entre marzo y abril de 2020 en España. Resultados: Algunas estrategias de afrontamiento se asociaron con diferentes actividades de la vida diaria: normalizar la situación, buscar ayuda de amigos o familiares y buscar ayuda de profesionales en situaciones estresantes, leer fuentes de información y autoayuda para enfrentar el estrés, enfocarse en las emociones que generan estrés, intentar centrarse en problemas concretos y buscar soluciones, y aceptar la situación con resignación. Conclusiones: Como conclusión, los resultados sugieren que no todas las estrategias de afrontamiento impactaron de la misma manera en la vida diaria de los/las pacientes con PEP durante el confinamiento por COVID-19.(AU)

Introduction: Lockdown for 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disrupted life worldwide from March 2020. Mandatory lockdown lasted two months, which had an impact on people’s mental health. However, how it affected those who already struggled with mental health problems is largely unknown. Methods: We collected information from 18 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) through an online survey. The survey contained questions regarding COVID-19, impact of confinement on daily life, and coping strategies during lockdown between March and April 2020 in Spain. Results: Some coping strategies were associated with different daily life activities: normalizing the situation, seeking help from friends or family, and seeking help from professionals in stressful situations, reading information sources and self-help to cope with stress, focusing on the emotions that generate stress, trying to focus on specific problems and seek solutions, and accepting the situation with resignation. Discussion: As a conclusion, results suggest that not all coping strategies impacted in the same way in daily life of patients with FEP during COVID-19 lockdown.(AU)

The relevance of processing speed in the functioning of people with first-episode psychosis.

Deficits in functioning affect people with first-episode psychosis. Deficits in cognitive performance are common in such individuals and appear to be related to functioning. The present study examined the relationship between the domains of cognitive performance and personal and social functioning, as well as evaluating which cognitive domains are the most closely related to personal and social functioning and whether they explain variations once other clinical and sociodemographic aspects are accounted for. Ninety-four people with first-episode psychosis participated in the study; they were assessed with the MATRICS battery. Symptoms were evaluated with the Emsley factors of the positive and negative syndrome scale. Cannabis use, duration of untreated psychosis, suicide risk, perceived stress, antipsychotic doses, and premorbid intelligence quotient was accounted for. Processing speed, attention/vigilance, working memory, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving correlated to personal and social functioning. Processing speed emerged as the strongest predictor of social and personal functioning and underscores the importance of targeting this domain in treatment. Moreover, suicide risk and excited symptoms were also significant variables in functioning. Early intervention, focusing on improvement of processing speed, may be crucial to the improvement of functioning in first-episode psychosis. The relationship of this cognitive domain with functioning in first-episode psychosis should be studied further.

Efectividad de intervención de enfermería en conocimientos sobre prevención de caídas en ancianos que la experimentaron / Effectiveness of a Nursing Intervention regarding Knowledge about Falls Prevention in Elderly Affected by Such Events

Introducción: El conocimiento sobre prevención de caídas resulta indispensable en la reducción de su incidencia en ancianos, la intervención de enfermería puede ser la vía para lograrlo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de enfermería sustentada en el modelo de Jean Watson en el nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención de caídas en ancianos que la han experimentado. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, pre-experimental con pre-test y post-test, contextualizada en 37 consultorios del Policlínico "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo", provincia Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, del 2018 a 2019. Universo conformado por 42 ancianos que presentaron caídas en el último año. El conocimiento se midió con encuestas validadas por expertos y pilotaje con alfa de Cronbach > 0,5. Para los ejes temáticos y metodológicos de la intervención (sustentada en los 10 factores asistenciales de la teoría de Jean Watson), se revisó bibliografía sobre el tema, se tuvieron en cuenta las necesidades de conocimiento identificadas. Se procesó la información con frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes, media, desviación típica, valor mínimo y máximo. Para contrastar la hipótesis se utilizó la Prueba no paramétrica de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Previo a la intervención, el nivel cuatro de conocimiento lo presentó el 9,52 por ciento de los ancianos, aplicada la intervención ascendió al 90,47 por ciento, con significación z = -5,249, p < 0,05. Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería sustentada en el modelo de Jean Watson resultó efectiva en el incremento del nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención de caídas en ancianos que la han experimentado(AU)

Introduction: Knowledge about falls prevention is essential in reducing incidence in the elderly; nursing intervention may be the way for achieving it. Objective: To assess a Jean Watson's model-based nursing intervention's effectiveness in the level of knowledge about falls prevention in the elderly who have experienced it. Methods: Quantitative and pre-experimental research with pre-test and post-test, contextualized in 37 family medical offices belonging to Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo Polyclinic (Sancti Spíritus Province, Cuba), and carried out from 2018 to 2019. The universe was made up of 42 elderly people who had falls in the last year. Knowledge was measured with surveys validated by experts and piloting with Cronbach's alpha higher than 0.5. For the thematic and methodological axes of the intervention (based on the ten care factors of Jean Watson's theory), the bibliography on the subject was reviewed, as well as the identified knowledge needs were taken into account. The information was processed with absolute frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, as well as with minimum and maximum value. The Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to test the hypothesis. Results: Prior to the intervention, level four of knowledge was shown by 9.52 percent of the elderly. Once the intervention was applied, it amounted to 90.47 percent, with significance of -5.249 and P < 0.05. Conclusions: A nursing intervention based on Jean Watson's model was effective in increasing the level of knowledge about falls prevention in the elderly who have experienced it(AU)

Conocimientos sobre factores de riesgos y medidas de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con úlcera neuropática / Knowledge about risk factors and self-care measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathic ulcer / Conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com úlcera neuropática

RESUMEN Introducción: El conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo y las medidas de autocuidado en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus se considera un elemento esencial en su tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgos y medidas de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus con úlcera neuropática. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo trasversal en 135 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con úlcera neuropática pertenecientes a dos consultorios del médico de familia del Policlínico Universitario "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo" de Sancti Spíritus en el período de noviembre de 2018 a noviembre de 2019. Las variables estudiadas, fueron: edad, sexo, nivel de conocimientos sobre los factores de riesgo y medidas de autocuidado. Resultados: Los resultados agrupados en forma de tablas mostraron un predominio de los pacientes del sexo femenino con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de 60-70 años. El inadecuado nivel de conocimientos de los factores de riesgo más sobresaliente fue el antecedente de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Las medidas de autocuidado más conocida fue mantener el tratamiento para la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones: En la investigación predominó el sexo femenino de 60-71 años. El nivel de desconocimientos que predominó fue la historia familiar de la diabetes mellitus, así como mayor nivel de desconocimiento en las medidas a tener en cuenta para el autocuidado en la práctica de aseo corporal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knowledge concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus is considered an essential element in their effective treatment. Objective: To assess the knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulcer. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulceration from November 2018 to November 2019. All patients registered in two different family doctor's office associated to the Policlínico Universitario "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo" in Sancti Spíritus. Variables studied were: age, sex, knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods. Results: The outcomes were summarized on a table to be assessed, which revealed female sex patients aged 60 to 70 years as predominant to suffer type 2 diabetes mellitus. An inadequate knowledge concerning the most outstanding risk factors was the cause of arising cardiovascular disease. The most well-known self-care measure was to maintain an effective treatment for diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Female sex patients aged 60 to 71 years were most assessed being predominant. The most predominant aspects of ignorance found in the study were the family history associated to diabetes mellitus and the ignorance related to self-care measures, mainly on the practice of personal hygiene.

RESUMO Introdução: O conhecimento dos fatores de risco e das medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus é considerado um elemento essencial em seu tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus com úlcera neuropática. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 135 pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com úlcera neuropática pertencentes a dois consultórios do médico de família da Policlínica Universitária "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo" de Sancti Spíritus no período de novembro de 2018 a novembro de 2019. As variáveis ​​estudadas foram: idade, sexo, nível de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado. Resultados: Os resultados agrupados em forma de tabelas mostraram predomínio de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 do sexo feminino na faixa etária de 60 a 70 anos. O nível inadequado de conhecimento dos fatores de risco mais destacados era o histórico de doenças cardiovasculares. As medidas de autocuidado mais conhecidas foram a manutenção do tratamento para diabetes mellitus. Conclusões: Na investigação prevaleceu o sexo feminino de 60 a 71 anos. O nível de desconhecimento prevalente foi a história familiar de diabetes mellitus, bem como maior grau de desconhecimento nas medidas a serem levadas em consideração para o autocuidado na prática da higiene corporal.