Stem Cell Therapy for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Critical Analysis.

In exploring therapeutic options for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure, cell-based cardiac repair has gained prominence. This systematic review delves into the current state of knowledge surrounding cell-based therapies for cardiac repair. Employing a comprehensive search across relevant databases, the study identifies 35 included studies with diverse cell types and methodologies. Encouragingly, these findings reveal the promise of cell-based therapies in cardiac repair, demonstrating significant enhancements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) across the studies. Mechanisms of action involve growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis, differentiation, and the survival of transplanted cells. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges persist, including low engraftment rates, limitations in cell differentiation, and variations in clinical reproducibility. The optimal dosage and frequency of cell administration remain subjects of debate, with potential benefits from repeated dosing. Additionally, the choice between autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation poses a critical decision. This systematic review underscores the potential of cell-based therapies for cardiac repair, bearing implications for innovative treatments in heart diseases. However, further research is imperative to optimize cell type selection, delivery techniques, and long-term efficacy, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of cell-based cardiac repair.

Cardiovascular Health and Disease in the Pakistani American Population.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review seeks to elucidate clinical and social factors influencing cardiovascular health, explore the challenges and potential solutions for enhancing cardiovascular health, and identify areas where further research is needed to better understand cardiovascular issues in native and American Pakistani populations. RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease is high not only in Pakistan but also among its global diaspora. This situation is further complicated by the inadequacy of current cardiovascular risk assessment tools, which often fall short of accurately gauging the risk among Pakistani individuals, underscoring the urgent need for more tailored and effective assessment methodologies. Moreover, social determinants play a crucial role in shaping cardiovascular health. The burden of cardiovascular disease and upstream risk factors is high among American Pakistani individuals. Future research is needed to better understand the heightened risk of cardiovascular disease among Pakistani individuals.

Intravascular imaging guided versus coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the absolute treatment effects of intravascular imaging guided versus angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary artery disease, considering their baseline risk. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to 31 August 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravascular imaging (intravascular ultrasonography or optical coherence tomography) guided versus coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention in adults with coronary artery disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Random effect meta-analysis and GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation) were used to assess certainty of evidence. Data included rate ratios and absolute risks per 1000 people for cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, and target lesion revascularization. Absolute risk differences were estimated using SYNTAX risk categories for baseline risks at five years, assuming constant rate ratios across different cardiovascular risk thresholds. RESULTS: In 20 randomized controlled trials (n=11 698), intravascular imaging guided percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a reduced risk of cardiac death (rate ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.72), myocardial infarction (0.81, 0.68 to 0.97), stent thrombosis (0.44, 0.27 to 0.72), target vessel revascularization (0.74, 0.61 to 0.89), and target lesion revascularization (0.71, 0.59 to 0.86) but not all cause death (0.81, 0.64 to 1.02). Using SYNTAX risk categories, high certainty evidence showed that from low risk to high risk, intravascular imaging was likely associated with 23 to 64 fewer cardiac deaths, 15 to 19 fewer myocardial infarctions, 9 to 13 fewer stent thrombosis events, 28 to 38 fewer target vessel revascularization events, and 35 to 48 fewer target lesion revascularization events per 1000 people. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention, intravascular imaging guided percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with significantly reduced cardiac death and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. The estimated absolute effects of intravascular imaging guided percutaneous coronary intervention showed a proportional relation with baseline risk, driven by the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023433568.

Preventive Saline Irrigation of the Bile Duct to Reduce the Rate of Residual Common Bile Duct Stones Without Intraductal Ultrasonography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has been proven efficacious in the removal of CBD stones. Even after endoscopic stone removal, recurring cholangitis due to a residual common bile duct (CBD) stone is prevalent in clinical practice with a residual recurrence rate of 4-24% after successful stone retrieval. This comprehensive study and meta-analysis aimed to determine if preventive saline irrigation of the bile duct (PSIB) reduces the amount of residual CBD stones. Through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until November 20, 2022, we identified 164 articles comparing the efficacy of PSIB and non-PSIB post-endoscopic CBD stone removal. After stringent selection, three studies were included for meta-analysis using ReviewManager (ReVman version 5.4.1; Cochrane, London, UK). Using a random effect (RE) model, we derived a pooled odds ratio (OR) with confidence interval (CI) (95%CI). A total of three studies have been included in the analysis. Out of which, two are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one is a non-randomized study. Out of 323 patients, 157 underwent PSIB after an endoscopic stone removal of CBD stones to reduce the residual of CBD stones, whereas 166 did not undergo saline irrigation (non-PSIB). In our analysis, PSIB significantly reduced the risk of residual stones (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.11-0.45). However, there was no notable link between PSIB and post-irrigation cholangitis (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.21-2.21). Although not statistically significant, PSIB showed a trend toward lowered risks of post-procedural pancreatitis (OR: 0.65), bleeding (OR: 0.68), and other complications (OR: 0.64). PSIB effectively reduces residual CBD stones after endoscopy, offering a cost-effective alternative to invasive procedures such as intraductal ultrasound (IDUS). However, larger RCTs are needed to validate its definitive role.

Physician-scientists or celebrities? Kardashian-index of gastroenterologists.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic unleashed a flood of untrustworthy information on social media platforms, resulting in the unfortunate consequence of expert scientists' opinions getting lost amidst the chaotic sea of misinformation. The question of how much influence these esteemed scientists hold on social media platforms remains elusive. To address this scientific quandary, we sought to explore the concept of the Kardashian index (K-index), a term introduced by Hall in 2014. This metric provides a rudimentary means of evaluating whether a physician scientist's popularity on social media aligns with their significant scientific contributions. AIM: To evaluate if a Gastroenterologist physician's popularity on social media is at par with their scientific contributions (research articles and publications). METHODS: We conducted an extensive search to identify all gastroenterologists actively practicing and associated with the top 100 hospitals as reported by the United States News. We collected specific data on a sub-group including their names, affiliations, degrees, and sub-specializations. To gauge their social media popularity, we utilized the K-index calculation which is determined by dividing the actual number of Twitter followers by the number of researcher's citations. The expected number of followers (F) is calculated using the formula F = 43.3 C ^ 0.32, where C represents the number of citations. RESULTS: Physicians affiliated with the Mayo Clinic emerged as the most prominent presence on Twitter, constituting 16% of the total. They were followed closely by physicians from Mount Sinai Hospital (9%) and the University of Michigan Hospital (9%). Surprisingly, 76% of the physicians evaluated exhibited a low K-index, falling within the range of 0 to less than 2. This suggests that a significant number of highly influential physician-scientists are not receiving due recognition, as indicated by their relatively low number of followers. On the other hand, 24% of the physicians had an inflated K-index, exceeding 5, which positioned them as the "Kardashians". These individuals enjoyed greater social media popularity than their actual scientific contributions. Interestingly, our analysis revealed no discernible association between sex and K-index (P value of 0.92). CONCLUSION: In the gastroenterology field, our study estimated that a majority (76%) of highly researched physicians are undervalued despite their significant scientific contributions.

An Updated Meta-Analysis on Cerebral Embolic Protection in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Intervention Stratified by Baseline Surgical Risk and Device Type.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) can lead to the embolization of debris. Capturing the debris by cerebral embolic protection (CEP) devices may reduce the risk of stroke. New evidence has allowed us to examine the effects of CEP in patients undergoing TAVI. We aimed to assess the effects of CEP overall and stratified by the device used (SENTINEL or TriGuard) and the surgical risk of the patients. Methods: We selected randomized controlled trials using electronic databases through September 17, 2022. We estimated random-effects risk ratios (RR) with (95% confidence interval) and calculated absolute risk differences at 30 days across baseline surgical risks derived from the TAVI trials for any stroke (disabling and nondisabling) and all-cause mortality. Results: Among 6 trials (n = 3921), CEP vs. control did not reduce any stroke [RR: 0.95 (0.50-1.81)], disabling [RR: 0.75 (0.18-3.16)] or nondisabling [RR: 0.99 (0.65-1.49)] strokes, or all-cause mortality [RR: 1.23 (0.55-2.77)]. However, when analyzed by device, SENTINEL reduced disabling stroke [RR: 0.46 (0.22-0.95)], translating into 6 fewer per 1000 in high-risk, 3 fewer per 1000 in intermediate-risk, and 1 fewer per 1000 in low surgical-risk patients. CEP vs. control did not reduce the risk of any bleeding [RR: 1.03 (0.44-2.40)], major vascular complications [RR: 1.41 (0.57-3.48)], or acute kidney injury [RR: 1.36 (0.57-3.28)]. Conclusions: This updated meta-analysis showed that SENTINEL CEP might reduce disabling stroke in patients undergoing TAVI. Patients with high and intermediate surgical risks were most likely to derive benefits.

Role of Plasmapheresis in Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP) Syndrome.

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome is a rare abnormality comprising a series of symptoms that make up a syndrome. It usually happens during pregnancy or right after delivery. We describe a case of a 31-year-old female G4P2A2 (Gravida 4 Para 2 Abortions 2) who presented to the hospital for normal vaginal delivery but immediately postpartum developed HELLP syndrome. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was a differential that the patient also met the criteria for. Her condition improved after starting her on plasmapheresis without considering hepatic transplantation. We emphasize distinguishing the overlap of symptoms between HELLP syndrome vs. acute fatty liver of pregnancy and the outcomes of plasmapheresis in managing HELLP syndrome without needing hepatic transplantation.

Appendiceal Bulge on Routine Colonoscopy: Not All Disease Is Luminal.

Appendiceal mucocele is an extremely rare pathology accounting for 0.3-0.7% of all appendiceal pathology. It is characterized by appendiceal lumen dilatation by mucinous secretion collection. Though abdominal imaging and tissue Biopsy aids in diagnosis, suspicion should arise when a slight bulge or protrusion is seen on colonoscopy. We present a case of incidental appendiceal bulge found on a routine colonoscopy to evaluate abdominal pain that led to prompt diagnosis and management of appendiceal mucocele.

Missed opportunities to screen for Barrett's esophagus in the primary care setting of a large health system.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rising. This is partly due to the lack of identification of Barrett's esophagus (BE), the main risk factor for EAC. Identifying neoplastic BE can allow for endoscopic therapy to prevent EAC. Our aim was to determine how many patients eligible for screening are actually being screened for BE in the primary care setting of a large health system. METHODS: A digital search algorithm was constructed using the established gastroenterology guidelines and the Kunzmann model for screening for BE. The algorithm was then applied to the electronic medical record of all patients seen in the primary care setting of the health system. A manual review of charts of the identified patients was performed to confirm the high-risk status and determine if screening occurred. RESULTS: Of 936,371 primary care charts analyzed by the algorithm, 3535 patients (.4%) were determined to be high-risk for BE. Of these 3535 patients, only 1077 (30%) were screened for BE in clinical practice with endoscopy. The algorithm identified 2458 (70%) additional high-risk patients. Of the patients screened in clinical practice, 105 (10%) were found to have BE (10% with neoplasia). CONCLUSIONS: Numerous screening opportunities for BE are missed in the primary care setting of a large health system. Collaboration between gastroenterology and primary care services is needed to improve the screening rate.

Development of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Myocarditis and pericarditis have been reported after COVID-19 vaccine administration in children and adolescents, raising the concern about their possible association with these vaccines. The objective was to explore the incidence, clinical presentation, and association of myocarditis and pericarditis with COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents. We conducted a systematic literature search on three databases, that is, Cochrane, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE from inception till March 2022. A total of three case reports, four case series, and six observational studies were included in the review. For case reports and case series, the mean age of the patients was 17.4 years, with 96.9% being male. Chest pain (n = 31, 93.9%), fever (n = 18, 54.5%), myalgias (n = 15, 45.4%) and headache (n = 9, 27.2%) were the most common presentations. Out of 33 patients, 32 (96.9%) of patients received Pfizer-BioNTech whereas only one (3.03%) received Moderna (mRNA 1273). Clinical investigations revealed ST elevation (n = 32, 97%), and elevated CRP (n = 9, 27.2%) and cardiac troponin (n = 29, 87.8%). The pooled incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis from observational studies was (0.00063%) and (0.000074%) %, respectively. Myocarditis and pericarditis in children and adolescents after the COVID-19 vaccines were more prevalent among males and more commonly observed after the second dose of Pfizer. Though the overall incidence was low, however, the clinicians should consider myocarditis and pericarditis as probable diagnosis when encountering young patients, with a history of vaccine administration, presenting with suggestive findings.

Assessment of Repeat Revascularization in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trials as a Surrogate for Mortality: A Meta-Regression Analysis.

The association of repeat revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with mortality is uncertain. To assess the association of repeat revascularization after PCI with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We identified randomized controlled trials comparing PCI with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or optimal medical therapy (OMT) using electronic databases through January 1, 2022. We performed a random-effects meta-regression between repeat revascularization rates after PCI (absolute risk difference [%] between PCI and CABG or OMT) with the relative risks (RR) of mortality. We assessed surrogacy of repeat revascularization for mortality using the coefficient of determination (R2), with threshold of 0.80. In 33 trials (21,735 patients), at median follow-up of 4 (2-7) years, repeat revascularization was higher after PCI than CABG [RR: 2.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.99-3.03)], but lower vs OMT [RR: 0.64 (0.46-0.88)]. Overall, meta-regression showed that repeat revascularization rates after PCI had no significant association with all-cause mortality [RR: 1.01 (0.99-1.02); R2=0.10) or cardiovascular mortality [RR: 1.01 (CI: 0.99-1.03); R2=0.09]. In PCI vs CABG (R2=0.0) or PCI vs OMT trials (R2=0.28), repeat revascularization did not meet the threshold for surrogacy for all-cause or cardiovascular mortality (R2=0.0). We observed concordant results for subgroup analyses (enrollment time, follow-up, sample size, risk of bias, stent types, and coronary artery disease), and multivariable analysis adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, risk of bias, MI, and follow-up duration. In summary, this meta-regression did not establish repeat revascularization after PCI as a surrogate for all-cause or cardiovascular mortality.

Design and Development of Best Class Discrete Production Model for Distributed Manufacturing under Industry 4.0.

Global competitiveness creates a challenge for manufacturing companies to maintain their market share with dynamic customer requirements. Capital investment in machinery does not allow facility expansion to accommodate large orders from customers but to reconfigure the manufacturing enterprise. Distributed manufacturing (DM) is embraced in order to increase facility utilization by decentralizing production. An enterprise in charge of a DM network allows customers to choose the best manufacturers available for their order based on their track record, which is available through historical and online performance data. Furthermore, manufacturers as members of this network may receive orders based on their past performance. Industry 4.0 with all necessary Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enables the online monitoring of production key parameters of manufacturers subscribed to a DM network. We develop a new network model of manufacturers teamed under specific terms and conditions to support a group of customers who have specific needs. The proposed model, known as the continuous supervised model, is created with the ARENA simulation software. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model by contrasting it with the standard practice approach. To ensure the best possible performance, we continuously monitor the cost, quality, delivery time, and production rate indicators of the various manufacturers and update their performance ranking for current and future orders. Furthermore, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach, a single performance measure based on the four indicators is developed. Implementing the proposed model showed an improvement in the average performance by 51.3%.

Impact of Hyperglycemia on Cardiovascular Events and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To study cardiovascular events and clinical outcomes in patients with elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and/or admission hyperglycemia and those with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective study of 1645 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia required a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction result for SARS-CoV-2, presence of new or worsening pulmonary infiltrates on computed tomography scan or chest x-ray, and at least one of following: (1) new or increased cough, (2) temperature of >37.8 °C, or (3) dyspnea. Outcomes included in-hospital cardiovascular events, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for association of elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes for individual outcomes. RESULTS: Among 1645 adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 18 with type 1 diabetes were excluded from the analysis. Of 1627 adults, 634 (39%) had known diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and among 993 patients with no diabetes, 107 (10.8%) patients were identified with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia. Patients with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia had increased odds of developing acute in-hospital cardiovascular events (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.07-2.80), intensive care unit admissions (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10-2.34), and mortality (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.07) compared to patients with type 2 diabetes and no diabetes. CONCLUSION: Patients with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia have increased risk of developing acute in-hospital cardiovascular complications and overall poor clinical outcomes compared with patients with type 2 diabetes and no diabetes.

Energy-levels well-matched direct Z-scheme ZnNiNdO/CdS heterojunction for elimination of diverse pollutants from wastewater and microbial disinfection.

Energy-levels well-matched direct Z-scheme ZnNiNdO/CdS heterojunction was successfully fabricated using facile co-precipitation and ultra-sonication techniques and characterized with XRD, FTIR, Raman, PL, UV-vis, and FE-SEM. The XRD diffractograms confirmed the co-doping of Ni-Nd in ZnO and the formation of heterostructured nanocomposite. FTIR and Raman data showed the presence of metal-oxygen vibration and optical phonon modes of ZnO and CdS. FE-SEM images exhibited the network type morphology. The energy bandgap was redshifted by co-doping (3.37-2.9 eV) and was further reduced (2.6 eV) by making a composite with CdS. The ZnNiNdO/CdS catalyst degraded 99.7, 49, 96.6, 98.6, and 98.6% methylene blue (MB), p-nitroaniline (P-Nitro), methyl orange (MO), methyl red (MR), and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under 50 min sunlight irradiation. Moreover, ZnNiNdO/CdS showed intense inhibition activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains with maximum inhibition zone diameters 30, 33, 27, and 31 mm, respectively. The synergistic effects arising from band alignment can lead to efficient vectorial charge separation, transportation, and lower recombination of photoinduced charge carriers, ultimately boosting photocatalytic and antibacterial performance. The ZnNiNdO/CdS photocatalyst has higher stability up to the 7th cycle towards MB dye with ~ 5% deficit in degradation efficiency. The higher generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radical was confirmed by species trapping experiments responsible for photodegradation of dyes molecules. Furthermore, the results showed that the photocatalytic and antibacterial performance of pristine ZnO can be enhanced by co-doping and tuning energy bandgap.

A 2D Graphitic-Polytriaminopyrimidine (g-PTAP)/Poly(ether-block-amide) Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2 Separation.

Poly(ether-block-amide)/g-PTAP mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were developed by incorporating different wt.% (1-10%) of a novel 2D g-PTAP nanofiller and its effects on membrane structure and gas permeability were studied. The novel 2D material g-PTAP was synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques including field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated MMMs were investigated to study the interaction and compatibility between Pebax and g-PTAP. The MMMs showed an effective integration of g-PTAP nanofiller into the Pebax matrix without affecting its thermal stability. Gas permeation experiments with MMMs showed improved CO2 permeability and selectivity (CO2 /N2 ) upon incorporation of g-PTAP in the Pebax polymer matrix. The maximum CO2 permeability enhancement from 82.3 to 154.6 Barrer with highest CO2 /N2 selectivity from 49.5 to 83.5 were found with 2.5 wt.% of nanofiller compared to neat Pebax membranes.

Nexus between agro-ecological efficiency and carbon emission transfer: evidence from China.

The economy of China is growing rapidly. With this overwhelming growth, the country is experiencing a higher level of carbon emissions. Amid this backdrop, China is under immense pressure to reduce carbon emissions up to a sustainable level. This study adapted 31 provincial panel data from 2007 to 2017 using factor analysis system SBM-undesirable model to calculate the agro-ecological output of each province respectively and used a carbon transfer network impact analysis panel to calculate ecological performance impacts. Results show that (1) overall agro-ecological efficiency in China shows an upward trend but regional differences are evident. The efficiency in the eastern region is higher than that in the central and western regions but the extent of informatization in the central region is higher than that in the western region. (2) Informatization will significantly promote agro-ecological efficiency. (3) Changes in agricultural planting structure, agricultural value-added per capita, employment of human capital in the agricultural sector, and agricultural scale management are also important factors affecting agro-ecological growth. (4) China's amount of carbon transfer is growing year by year, and energy-intensive areas and heavy industry bases are undertaking carbon transfer from the eastern coastal regions; (5) Jiangsu, Henan, and Hebei (Hubei) have the highest centers between 2007 and 2012; (6) inter-provincial carbon transmission is concentrated mainly in the metal smelting and rolling processing industries as well as in the coal, heat, and supply industries.

Association of Lipid and Body Mass Index Profile With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Stratified by Age and Gender.

Background In this study, we aimed to determine the association of lipid and body mass index (BMI) profiles among cases having chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV) infection. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 320 cases of both genders, aged 18 to 60 years, with CHCV infection were enrolled in the study. After obtaining relevant history and conducting a physical examination, the venous blood sample of each patient was taken and sent to the institutional laboratory to analyze serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels. BMI of all the study participants was also noted. Results Of the total 320 cases, there were 152 (47.5%) males and 168 (52.5%) females. The overall mean age was 42.92 ± 11.38 years. Most cases [97 (30.3%)] were in the 41 to 50-year age group. Overall, the mean BMI was 27.75 ± 4.59 kg/m2. Dyslipidemia was noted in 144 (45.0%) cases. Increasing age and increasing BMI were found to have statistical significance with the presence of dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). Conclusions Increasing age and BMI have a significant association with dyslipidemia in patients with CHCV infection. Lipid profile appears to differ among different age and BMI groups.