Outbreak of urinary tract infections by Salmonella spp. after cystoscopic manipulation. / Brote de infecciones urinarias por Salmonella spp. tras manipulación cistoscópica.

INTRODUCTION: Cystoscopes are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and can be vehicles for transmitting healthcare-associated infections. Performing urine cultures before manipulation or administering prophylaxis is determined by the presence or not of risk factors for urinary tract infection. METHODS: Between October and November 2014, we identified an unusual aggregation of Salmonella spp. isolates in urine cultures at the University Hospital Santa Lucía of Cartagena (Murcia). An epidemiological investigation was conducted to assess the possible relationship between the cases. RESULTS: Four patients had a urinary tract infection by Salmonella spp. within a short period, which suggests the presence of an outbreak. All of the patients had undergone cystoscopy. The index case had a urinary colonisation by Salmonella spp. prior to the procedure, and none of the reported cases had received prophylaxis. The environmental control cultures and the involved material cultures resulted negative. Intensification of the cystoscope cleaning and disinfection protocol achieved eradication of the outbreak. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported outbreak of Salmonella spp. related to the use of cystoscopes. The indication for a urine culture should be carefully assessed before conducting invasive urological procedures, as should the need for antibiotic prophylaxis, for patients with risk factors for severe infection. Strict control in the cleaning and disinfection of endoscopy material can prevent the transmission of infections related to this type of procedure.

[Primary intestinal parasitic fibroid, an incidental finding during gynecological laparoscopic surgery]. / Mioma parasitario intestinal primario como hallazgo durante la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica.

Background: Uterine fibroids are the most frequent solid pelvic benign tumors in women. Their most common location is the uterine corpus, cervix and broad ligament but they can also be found in other areas, less commonly as extragenital locations and/or in a parasitic way. Clinical case: A 40 years old patient, who consulted for menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea on long evolution. On physical examination, the enlarged uterus, inflamated, hard consistency and normal mobility was identified. The sonographic features and location suggested a fibroid nodule type II (Wamsteker classification), which deformed the endometrial cavity. It was decided to perform the surgery and during the procedure the enlarged uterus, deformed at the expense of a localized fundal formation, like a intramural fibroid. By mobilizing the intestinal loops and change the position of the patient (Trendelenburg) a solid tumor, cranially separated from the internal genitals it was observed. In reviewing the insertion site, it was visualized that remained attached to antimesial of the jejunum. Total hysterectomy was performed with monopolar and bipolar energy, and vascular sealant. The postoperative was favorable, without complication. The pathological study reported a primary leiomyoma of the small intestine, while in the uterus of multiple myomas was confirmed. Conclusión: The parasitic fibroids are those located separately from the uterus that receive vascular irrigation from another organ or abdominopelvic structure. They are a very rare pathology. The diagnosis has made as an accidental event, during an abdominal surgery or during the differential diagnosis of a abdominopelvic tumor. The therapeutical choice depends on the clinical presentation, the location of the fibroid and the reproductive desires of the patient, most commonly recomending their surgycal removal.

Detección de un brote epidémico por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente productora de metalo-beta-lactamasa / Epidemic outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carbepenem-resistant producing metallo-beta-lactamase

Objetivo. Describir un brote de Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente productora de metalo-beta-lactamasa (MBL). Material y métodos. En mayo de 2009, se detectaron seis aislamientos consecutivos de P. aeruginosa con un mismo antibiotipo (perfil de resistencia a imipenem y cefalosporinas manteniendo sensibilidad a aztreonam) que indicaban la producción de carbapenemasas. Se investigó la posibilidad de su origen clonal y la presencia de MBL mediante caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de los seis aislados y se estudió si estos codificaban la MBL tipo VIM. Secundariamente, se analizaron de forma retrospectiva todos los aislamientos de las mismas características de todo el año 2009 con objeto de establecer la posibilidad de infección endémica. Resultados. Se encontraron dos clones según el perfil en electroforesis de campo pulsado, el más frecuente representado por 4 aislados. Todas procedían de la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El 100% de las cepas del brote se consideran multirresistentes. Se confirmó mediante PCR la presencia de genes del tipo VIM relacionadas con la producción de MBL en el 100% de los aislados correspondientes al pulsotipo 1. Conclusiones. Se detecta la existencia de un brote de P. aeruginosa productora de MBL. Se plantea un evidente problema terapéutico y de control de la infección nosocomial. Se debe extremar las medidas de aislamiento y realizar controles sistemáticos de presencia de MBL, dada la prevalencia elevada en nuestro entorno(AU)

Objective. To describe the nosocomial outbreak of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) in Cartagena (Murcia, Spain). Material and methods. In May 2009, six consecutive isolations of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected. These were characterized by their profile of resistance to imipenem and cephalosporins and sensibility to aztreonam, this suggesting the production of carbapenemases. The isolations were screened for MBL and a PCR for the detection of the VIM gene was performed. Secondary, all of the isolations having the same characteristics in the year 2009 were analyzed retrospectively in order to establish the possibility of an endemic infection. Results. The molecular typing of the isolates revealed two clones in Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), the most frequent (Type 1) being represented by 4 isolates. All of them came from patients who were in the Intensive Care Unit. All (100%) of the isolates of the outbreak were considered to be multiresistant. PCR confirmed the presence of the VIM gene related with the production of MBL in 100% of the isolates corresponding to pulsotype 1. Conclusions. We detected the existence of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase. Am evident therapeutic problem as well as a problem of nosocomial infection was considered. The isolation means should be maximized and routine controls performed for the presence of MBL given its elevated prevalence in our setting(AU)

[Epidemic outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carbepenem-resistant producing metallo-beta-lactamase]. / Detección de un brote epidémico por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente productora de metalo-beta-lactamasa.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the nosocomial outbreak of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) in Cartagena (Murcia, Spain). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In May 2009, six consecutive isolations of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected. These were characterized by their profile of resistance to imipenem and cephalosporins and sensibility to aztreonam, this suggesting the production of carbapenemases. The isolations were screened for MBL and a PCR for the detection of the VIM gene was performed. Secondary, all of the isolations having the same characteristics in the year 2009 were analyzed retrospectively in order to establish the possibility of an endemic infection. RESULTS: The molecular typing of the isolates revealed two clones in Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), the most frequent (Type 1) being represented by 4 isolates. All of them came from patients who were in the Intensive Care Unit. All (100%) of the isolates of the outbreak were considered to be multiresistant. PCR confirmed the presence of the VIM gene related with the production of MBL in 100% of the isolates corresponding to pulsotype 1. CONCLUSIONS: We detected the existence of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase. Am evident therapeutic problem as well as a problem of nosocomial infection was considered. The isolation means should be maximized and routine controls performed for the presence of MBL given its elevated prevalence in our setting.

[Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: an easy early diagnosis?]. / Síndrome de Ellis-Van Creveld: un fácil diagnóstico precoz?

Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome is a rare chondroectodermal dysplasia. Congenital heart disease is present in more than one-half of cases. The majority are partial atrioventricular septal defects and affect the atrial septum. Although isolated cases of the syndrome are uncommon, an early diagnosis is made in most of the patients because of their cardinal manifestations. The cases of two gypsy brothers with Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome and congenital heart disease (ostium primum atrial septal defect and single atrium), diagnosed during adulthood, are presented.