The Diagnostic and Prognostic Potentials of Non-Coding RNA in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary tract tumor with high malignancy. CCA is the second most common primary hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocarcinoma. Despite its rarity, the incidence of CCA is steadily increasing globally. Most patients with CCA are asymptomatic in the early stages, resulting in a late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Finding reliable biomarkers is essential to improve CCA's early diagnosis and survival rate. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs produced by genomic transcription. This includes microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. ncRNAs have multiple functions in regulating gene expression and are crucial for maintaining normal cell function and developing diseases. Many studies have shown that aberrantly expressed ncRNAs can regulate the occurrence and development of CCA. ncRNAs can be easily extracted and detected through tumor tissue and liquid biopsies, representing a potential tool for diagnosing and prognosis CCA. This review will provide a detailed update on the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of lncRNAs and cirRNAs as biomarkers in CCA.

Transcription readthrough is prevalent in healthy human tissues and associated with inherent genomic features.

Transcription termination is a crucial step in the production of conforming mRNAs and functional proteins. Under cellular stress conditions, the transcription machinery fails to identify the termination site and continues transcribing beyond gene boundaries, a phenomenon designated as transcription readthrough. However, the prevalence and impact of this phenomenon in healthy human tissues remain unexplored. Here, we assessed transcription readthrough in almost 3000 transcriptome profiles representing 23 human tissues and found that 34% of the expressed protein-coding genes produced readthrough transcripts. The production of readthrough transcripts was restricted in genomic regions with high transcriptional activity and was associated with inefficient splicing and increased chromatin accessibility in terminal regions. In addition, we showed that these transcripts contained several binding sites for the same miRNA, unravelling a potential role as miRNA sponges. Overall, this work provides evidence that transcription readthrough is pervasive and non-stochastic, not only in abnormal conditions but also in healthy tissues. This suggests a potential role for such transcripts in modulating normal cellular functions.

Formulating Parasiticidal Fungi in Dried Edible Gelatins to Reduce the Risk of Infection by Trichuris sp. among Continuous Grazing Bison.

Control of infection by gastrointestinal nematodes remains a big problem in ruminants under continuous grazing. For the purpose of decreasing the risk of infection by Trichuris sp. in captive bison (Bison bison) always maintained in the same plot, dried gelatins having ≥106 chlamydospores of both Mucor circinelloides and Duddingtonia flagrans were given to them for one week, and at the end, fecal samples (FF) collected each week for four weeks were analyzed immediately. Feces taken one week prior to gelatin administration served as controls (CF). Eggs of Trichuris sp. were sorted into non-viable and viable, then classified into viable undeveloped (VU), viable with cellular development (VCD), or viable infective (VI). Ovistatic and ovicidal effects were determined throughout the study. In FF, viability of Trichuris eggs decreased between 9% (first week) and 57% (fourth week), egg development was delayed during the first two weeks, and VI percentages were significantly lower than in CF (p = 0.001). It is concluded that the preparation of gelatins with chlamydospores of parasiticidal fungi and their subsequent dehydration offer an edible formulation that is ready to use, stress-free to supply, and easy to store, as well as being well-accepted by ruminants and highly efficient to reduce the risk of Trichuris sp. infection among animals under continuous grazing regimes.

Evaluation of dentistry students' knowledge on hematologic disorders / Avaliação do conhecimento de estudantes de Odontologia acerca dos distúrbios hematológicos

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the knowledge level of undergraduate dentistry students of UESB on hematological disorders and their implications in the treatment of the patient. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study in which a questionnaire with 16 questions was used as a data collection instrument. The study subjects were 192 students enrolled at UESB Dentistry Course. For data analysis, SPSS statistical software (version 16.0) was used. Results: The response rate was 87.5%. Only 54.2% of respondents reported having information about blood disorders and 78% considered themselves not enough informed, fact observed through the low percentage of right answers in a knowledge test. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of UESB Dentistry academics on hematological disorders is insufficient and there isn't a gradual increment of this knowledge throughout the semesters, polarized mainly in the 6th and 10th semester.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o nível de conhecimento de graduandos do curso de Odontologia da UESB sobre os distúrbios hematológicos e suas implicações para o tratamento do paciente em âmbito odontológico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e de corte transversal, onde adotou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário, composto por 16 perguntas. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os 192 estudantes regularmente matriculados no curso de Odontologia da UESB. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o software estatístico SPSS (versão 16.0). Resultados: A taxa de resposta foi de 87,5%. Apenas 54,2% dos entrevistados relataram ter informações acerca dos distúrbios hematológicos e 78% consideraram-se insuficientemente informados, fato corroborado pelas baixas porcentagens de acertos nos testes de conhecimento. Conclusão: O nível de conhecimento dos acadêmicos de Odontologia da UESB sobre os distúrbios hematológicos mostrou-se insuficiente e não houve um crescimento gradual deste conhecimento ao longo dos semestres, estando o mesmo polarizado principalmente nos 6º e 10º semestres.

Análise radiográfica para estimativa de idade utilizando o método demirjian em uma população do nordeste do brasil / Radiographic analysis to age estimation using demirjian method in a population of Northeast Brazil

A estimativa da idade é um elemento importante na investigação odontolegal, sendo o método Demirjianet al. (1973) um dos mais difundidos para estimar a idade dental. Diversos estudos foram realizados comeste método, entretanto, poucos são os estudos de impacto realizados na população brasileira até o presente momento. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou estimar a idade dental aplicando o métodoDemirjian et al. (1973) em uma cidade no nordeste do Brasil. Para isso, foram analisadas 300 radiografiaspanorâmicas de pacientes com idade entre 3 e 18 anos, obtidas a partir do arquivo digital de um institutode radiologia. Os resultados indicam uma forte correlação entre a idade cronológica - IC - (11, 683 anos) ea idade dental - ID - (11,667 anos) quando da aplicação do método Demirjian et al. (1973). A exatidãomédia (EM) comparou ID e IC de acordo com os gêneros, mostrando que, em ambos os sexos, as IC e IDsão compatíveis. Para o gênero feminino, nas idades de 5, 7, 8, 13 e 14 anos houve um maior percentualde coincidência entre a ID e a IC. Para o gênero masculino, nas idades de 3, 7, 8, 9 e 12 anos obteve-seo maior percentual de coincidência entre a ID e a IC. Assim, observa-se que é viável a utilização dométodo para estimar a idade na população desta região amostrada. Contudo, por ser o Brasil um paísmiscigenado, novos estudos devem ser realizados.

Estimating dental age is an important asset on forensic dentistry, and Demirjian et al. method (1973) havebeen one of the most recurrent mechanisms to reach this finality. A variety of studies regarding Demirjianet al. (1973) method have taken place so far, however very few of them were precise to determine thesubject in Brazilian populations. To this end, the purpose of the present study was estimating dental ageby applying Demirjian et al. method (1973) in a northeastern population of Brazil. To fulfil this goal,panoramic radiographs of 300 people, between the age of 3 and 18 were obtained from a digital archive ofa radiology institute and analysed. The results indicate a strong correlation between chronological age CA(11, 683 years) and dental age DA (11,667 years), when applying Demirjian et al. method (1973). Theaverage accuracy compared CA and DA according to gender, revealing both male and female to becompatible between these rates.The highest compatibility rate between CA and DA was found amongmales aged from 3, 7, 8, 9 and 12, as well as among females aged from 5, 7, 8, 13 and 14. In brief,Demirjian et al. (1973) method has proved to be a viable technique to estimate dental age in theaforementioned population. However, since Brazil is well-know for its miscegenation, new studies shall beencouraged.

Avaliação in vitro da citotoxicidade do enxaguatório Periogard© em diferentes períodos de tempo / In vitro assessment of the cytotoxicity of Periogard© mouthwash at different periods

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a citotoxicidade do enxaguatório a base de clorexidina Periogard® em diferentes períodos de tempo, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 120 segundos, quanto ao seu efeito citotóxico em fibroblastos gengivais L929. Utilizou-se 3 grupos controle: positivo (C+) detergente celular Tween 80, negativo (C-) PBS e controle de célula (CC), onde as mesmas não foram expostas a nenhum material. O ensaio de citotoxicidade foi realizado utilizando cultura celular de fibroblasto de camundongo (L929). Após contato do enxaguatório com as células, as mesmas foram colocadas em contato com o corante vital vermelho neutro utilizando-se a técnica “dye up take”. Os valores da quantidade de células viáveis foram submetidos à análise da variância (ANOVA) para determinar se havia diferença estatística entre os grupos e, posteriormente, ao teste de Tukey (p<0.05). Os resultados demonstraram citotoxicidade do enxaguatório Periogard® em todos os períodos avaliados. Foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos experimentais com todos os demais controles (p>0.05). Pode-se concluir com a realização deste trabalho que o Periogard® é citotóxico aos fibroblastos no período de 0 a 120 segundos.

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine-based mouthwash (Periogard©) in different periods, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 seconds, for its cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts L929. Three control groups were used: positive (C +) cell detergent Tween 80, negative (C -) PBS, and control of cell (CC) with cells that were not exposed to any material. The cytotoxicity test was performed using fibroblast cell culture of mouse (L929). After the the cells were in contact with the mouthwash, they were placed in contact with Neutral red using the dye up take technique. The values of the quantity of viable cells were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine whether there were statistical differences between groups, and then submitted toTukey test (p <0.05). The results demonstrated cytotoxicity of mouthwash Periogard© in all periods. Differences were observed between the experimental groups with all other controls (p> 0.05). It is possible to conclude that Periogard© is cytotoxic to fibroblasts in the periodsfrom 0 to 120 seconds

Líquen plano reticular: relato de um caso clínico / Lichen planus reticular: report of one clinic case

O líquen plano é uma doença cutânea mucosa de etiologia discutida, com manifestações bucais em mais de 50 por cento dos casos. Os aspectos clínicos intra-bucais são variáveis e descritos sob formas típicas e atípicas. O caso relatado consiste de uma forma típica (reticular) e bilateral, ligada, provavelmente, a alterações hormonais. O tratamento instituído com vitaminas do complexo B, não produziu alterações significantes no quadro clínico