Outcomes and use of healthcare resources after an intervention for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia.

BACKGROUND: The fate of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia undergoing revascularization or a primary amputation is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the postoperative outcomes and post-procedural healthcare resource use/costs over 1 year after revascularization or a primary amputation for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. METHODS: The UK Kent Integrated Dataset, which links primary, community, and secondary care for 1.6 million people, was interrogated. All patients with a new diagnosis of chronic limb-threatening ischaemia undergoing revascularization or a major amputation between January 2016 and January 2019 (3 years) were identified. Postoperative events across all healthcare settings and post-procedure healthcare resource use were analysed over 1 year (until the end of 2019). RESULTS: Overall, 4252 patients with a new diagnosis of chronic limb-threatening ischaemia were identified (65 per cent were male and the mean age was 73 years) between January 2016 and January 2019, of whom 579 (14 per cent) underwent an intervention (studied population); 296 (7 per cent) had an angioplasty, 75 (2 per cent) had bypass surgery, 141 (3 per cent) had a primary major lower limb amputation, 11 had a thrombo-embolectomy (0.3 per cent), and 56 had an endarterectomy (1.3 per cent). Readmissions (median of 2) were similar amongst different procedures within 1 year; bypass surgery was associated with more hospital appointments (median of 4 versus 2; P = 0.002). Patients undergoing a primary amputation had the highest number of cardiovascular events and 1-year mortality. In a linear regression model, index procedure type and Charlson co-morbidity index score were not predictors of appointments in primary/secondary care, community care visits, or readmissions after discharge. There were no statistically significant differences regarding post-procedural healthcare costs between procedures over 1 year. CONCLUSION: Revascularization is not associated with more hospital, primary/community care appointments or increased post-procedural healthcare costs over 1 year when compared with primary amputation, in people with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia.

Applying natural language processing and machine learning techniques to patient experience feedback: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Unstructured free-text patient feedback contains rich information, and analysing these data manually would require a lot of personnel resources which are not available in most healthcare organisations.To undertake a systematic review of the literature on the use of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) to process and analyse free-text patient experience data. METHODS: Databases were systematically searched to identify articles published between January 2000 and December 2019 examining NLP to analyse free-text patient feedback. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies, a narrative synthesis was deemed most appropriate. Data related to the study purpose, corpus, methodology, performance metrics and indicators of quality were recorded. RESULTS: Nineteen articles were included. The majority (80%) of studies applied language analysis techniques on patient feedback from social media sites (unsolicited) followed by structured surveys (solicited). Supervised learning was frequently used (n=9), followed by unsupervised (n=6) and semisupervised (n=3). Comments extracted from social media were analysed using an unsupervised approach, and free-text comments held within structured surveys were analysed using a supervised approach. Reported performance metrics included the precision, recall and F-measure, with support vector machine and Naïve Bayes being the best performing ML classifiers. CONCLUSION: NLP and ML have emerged as an important tool for processing unstructured free text. Both supervised and unsupervised approaches have their role depending on the data source. With the advancement of data analysis tools, these techniques may be useful to healthcare organisations to generate insight from the volumes of unstructured free-text data.

A mixed-methods evaluation of continuous electronic fetal monitoring for an extended period.

INTRODUCTION: Continuous fetal monitoring is used to objectively record the fetal heart rate and fetal activity over an extended period of time; however, its feasibility and acceptability to women is currently unknown. The study addressed the hypothesis that continuous fetal monitoring is feasible and acceptable to pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pregnant participants (n = 22) were monitored using a continuous fetal electrocardiography device, the Monica AN24. Signal quality, duration of recording and cardiotocography findings were correlated with maternal and fetal factors. Participants' change in anxiety before and after monitoring was assessed using validated questionnaires. Participants' experiences were explored through a questionnaire (n = 20) and semi-structured interview (n = 13). RESULTS: Recordings were successfully obtained in 19 of the 22 participants (86.3%). The mean recording quality of fetal heart rate was 69.0% (range 17.4%-99.4%) and maternal heart rate was 99.0% (90.9%-100.0%). Recording quality was positively correlated with gestational age (P = 0.05) and negatively correlated with uterine activity and maternal movement (P < 0.001). Overall, participants were satisfied with their experience of continuous fetal monitoring; 30% considered it preferable to intermittent monitoring. Continuous fetal monitoring did not significantly increase maternal anxiety, with a trend towards a reduction in Pregnancy Specific Anxiety score (P = 0.07). Qualitative analysis grouped women's responses into three themes: (a) reassurance and anxiety, (b) the physical device and (c) future developments in continuous fetal monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous fetal monitoring is a feasible and acceptable form of monitoring to pregnant women although further practical improvements could be incorporated. Further research is required to assess the ability of continuous fetal monitoring to detect fetal compromise.