ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To further our understanding of the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and suicidal behaviour, this study investigates the association between three types of ACEs and lifetime suicide attempts, while considering potential gender-specific and mediating effects. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH), a cross-sectional, population-based survey comprised of respondents aged 18 or older who provided self-reported data on past experiences of suicide attempts, as well as childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood physical abuse (CPA) and parental domestic violence (PDV) (n = 22 559). After testing for ACE by gender interactions, we estimated the odds of lifetime suicide attempts for each ACE and then investigated whether depression, anxiety, substance abuse and chronic pain acted as mediators of the relationship. RESULTS: The odds of suicide attempts are significantly higher among those with a history of CPA (OR = 3.29; 99.9% CI 2.33-4.64), CSA (OR = 4.42; 99.9% CI 3.14-6.23) or PDV (OR = 2.52; 99.9% CI 1.69-3.76), when ACEs are mutually adjusted. There is little evidence that gender acts as a moderator; however, depression, anxiety, substance abuse and chronic pain appear to partially mediate the associations. Depression alone accounts for about a quarter of the associations with CSA and CPA. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health factors and chronic pain appear only to partially mediate relationships between ACEs and lifetime suicide attempts. Future research should look at other pathways with the goal of developing multi-level interventions.
Subject(s)
Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Child Abuse/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Adult , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Canada/epidemiology , Child , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Chronic Pain/epidemiology , Chronic Pain/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology , Domestic Violence/psychology , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Young AdultABSTRACT
We have previously reported the identification (Tucker et al., 1988, Plant Physiol. 88, 1257-1262) and sequence (Tucker and Milligan, 1991, Plant Physiol. 95, 928-933) of a cellulase cDNA associated with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf abscission. In-vitro transcripts of this cDNA clone were used to determine the distribution of the complementary cellulase mRNA in abscising zones using both in-situ and tissue-print hybridization techniques. The mRNA was found in two cell layers on either side of the fracture plane and was not limited to any particular cell class. In the vascular tissue, however, cellulase mRNA accumulated in cells up to several millimeters either side of the fracture plane. This distribution is consistent with immunolocalizations of cellulase in the same tissue.
Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons , Nucleic Acids , Adenine Nucleotides , Benzopyrenes , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Cyclohexanes , DNA , Nucleic Acid Denaturation , Phenanthrenes , Polynucleotides , Solvents , Spectrum AnalysisABSTRACT
Small amounts of paramagnetic cations quench the phosphorescence of DNA. Although the emission intensity is monotonic with increasing thymine content, the quenching efficiency is not. The cations quench from phosphate sites.
