Increased autoreactivity and maturity of EBI2+ antibody-secreting cells from nasal polyps.

Elevated numbers of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are found in nasal polyp (NP) tissue. The presence of anti-dsDNA IgG in tissue prospectively predicts recurrent NP but the characteristics of the source ASCs are unknown. Here, we investigated whether NP B cells expressing the extrafollicular marker EBI2 have increased propensity for autoantibody production and evaluated the molecular characteristics of NP ASCs. NPs showed increased frequencies of anti-dsDNA IgG and total IgG ASCs compared with tonsils, with more pronounced differences among EBI2+ cells. In NPs, EBI2+ cells were frequently double negative (IgD-CD27-) and ASCs. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of tonsils and NPs revealed substantial differences in B lineage composition, including differences in percentages of ASCs, germinal centers, proliferative cells, and non-ASCs. NPs exhibited higher expression of specific isotypes (IGHE, IGHA1, IGHA2, and IGHG4) and mature plasma genes, including SDC1 and XBP1, than tonsils. Gene Ontology biological processes indicated upregulated NF-κB and downregulated apoptosis pathways in NP ASCs. Together, these data indicate that NP EBI2+ ASCs secret increased total and anti-dsDNA IgG compared with those from tonsils and had molecular features of mature plasma cell differentiation.

Oncostatin M promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

BACKGROUND: Oncostatin M (OSM) may be involved in the promotion of mucosal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (Eos CRSwNP) by inducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1 and -7. The aim was to evaluate the roles and mechanisms of action of OSM on MMP-1 and -7 synthesis from nasal epithelial cells (NECs). METHODS: OSM, OSM receptor (OSMR), MMP-1 and -7 expression was evaluated in nasal mucosa or primary NECs from scrapings by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. OSM and other cytokines were used to stimulate air-liquid interface (ALI) cultured NECs. qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the expression of OSMR, MMP-1, -7 and occludin in NECs. RESULTS: Elevated levels of OSMRß, MMP-1 and -7 were found in the tissues and scraped NECs of Eos CRSwNP in comparison to them obtained from the inferior turbinate (IT) and control subjects. The levels of OSM and OSMRß mRNA in tissues were positively correlated with the levels of MMP-1 and -7. OSM stimulation of NECs increased the expression of MMP-1 and -7, and the responses were suppressed by a STAT3 inhibitor, and a PI3K inhibitor respectively. In parallel studies, we found that stimulation with OSM disrupted the localization of occludin, a tight junction protein in NECs. The response was suppressed by a pan-MMP inhibitor. CONCLUSION: OSM induces the synthesis and release of MMP-1 and -7 in NECs. Furthermore, MMP-1 and -7 promote mucosal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with Eos CRSwNP.

Tissue characterization at an enhanced resolution across spatial omics platforms with deep generative model.

Recent advances in spatial omics have expanded the spectrum of profiled molecular categories beyond transcriptomics. However, many of these technologies are constrained by limited spatial resolution, hindering our ability to deeply characterize intricate tissue architectures. Existing computational methods primarily focus on the resolution enhancement of transcriptomics data, lacking the adaptability to address the emerging spatial omics technologies that profile various omics types. Here, we introduce soScope, a unified generative framework designed to enhance data quality and spatial resolution for molecular profiles obtained from diverse spatial technologies. soScope aggregates multimodal tissue information from omics, spatial relations and images, and jointly infers omics profiles at enhanced resolutions with omics-specific modeling through distribution priors. With comprehensive evaluations on diverse spatial omics platforms, including Visium, Xenium, spatial-CUT&Tag, and slide-DNA/RNA-seq, soScope improves performances in identifying biologically meaningful intestine and kidney architectures, revealing embryonic heart structure that cannot be resolved at the original resolution and correcting sample and technical biases arising from sequencing and sample processing. Furthermore, soScope extends to spatial multiomics technology spatial-CITE-seq and spatial ATAC-RNA-seq, leveraging cross-omics reference for simultaneous multiomics enhancement. soScope provides a versatile tool to improve the utilization of continually expanding spatial omics technologies and resources.

Exposure to endocrine disruptor DEHP promotes the progression and radiotherapy resistance of pancreatic cancer cells by increasing BMI1 expression and properties of cancer stem cells.

Most patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are initially at an advanced stage, and radiotherapy resistance impact the effectiveness of treatment. This study aims to investigate the effects of endocrine disruptor Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on various biological behaviors and the radiotherapy sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells, as well as its potential mechanisms. Our findings indicate that exposure to DEHP promotes the proliferation of various cancer cells, including those from the lung, breast, pancreas, and liver, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, DEHP exposure could influence several biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo and vitro. These effects include reducing cell apoptosis, causing G0/G1 phase arrest, increasing migration capacity, enhancing tumorigenicity, elevating the proportion of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and upregulating expression levels of CSCs markers such as CD133 and BMI1. DEHP exposure can also increase radiation resistance, which can be reversed by downregulating BMI1 expression. In summary our research suggests that DEHP exposure can lead to pancreatic cancer progression and radiotherapy resistance, and the mechanism may be related to the upregulation of BMI1 expression, which leads to the increase of CSCs properties.

Advances in Research on the Effectiveness and Mechanism of Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Hepatic Stellate Cells Autophagy Against Hepatic Fibrosis.

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological process of structural and functional impairment of the liver and is a key component in the progression of chronic liver disease. There are no specific anti-hepatic fibrosis (anti-HF) drugs, and HF can only be improved or prevented by alleviating the cause. Autophagy of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is closely related to the development of HF. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has achieved good therapeutic effects in the prevention and treatment of HF. Several active ingredients from TCM (AITCM) can regulate autophagy in HSCs to exert anti-HF effects through different pathways, but relevant reviews are lacking. This paper reviewed the research progress of AITCM regulating HSCs autophagy against HF, and also discussed the relationship between HSCs autophagy and HF, pointing out the problems and limitations of the current study, in order to provide references for the development of anti-HF drugs targeting HSCs autophagy in TCM. By reviewing the literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI and other databases, we found that the relationship between autophagy of HSCs and HF is currently controversial. HSCs autophagy may promote HF by consuming lipid droplets (LDs) to provide energy for their activation. However, in contrast, inducing autophagy in HSCs can exert the anti-HF effect by stimulating their apoptosis or senescence, reducing type I collagen accumulation, inhibiting the extracellular vesicles release, degrading pro-fibrotic factors and other mechanisms. Some AITCM inhibit HSCs autophagy to resist HF, with the most promising direction being to target LDs. While, others induce HSCs autophagy to resist HF, with the most promising direction being to target HSCs apoptosis. Future research needs to focus on cell targeting research, autophagy targeting research and in vivo verification research, and to explore the reasons for the contradictory effects of HSCs autophagy on HF.

Hierarchical supramolecules composed of starch-based nanocluster aggregates with light-responsive mechanical strain for remotely rapid and precise actuation.

Hierarchical supramolecular systems, characterized by nanoscale sensitivity and macroscopic tangible changes, offer promising perspectives for the design of remotely controllable, rapid, and precise actuation materials, serving as a potential substitution for non-intelligent and complex actuation switches. Herein, we reported on the disassembly of orderly and rigid starch helical covalent structures, and their subsequent reassembly into a hierarchical supramolecular gel composed of nanocluster aggregates, integrating supramolecular interactions of three different scales. The incorporation of photo-sensitive FeIIITA, a complex of trivalent iron ions and tannic acid, significantly enhances the photo-responsive strain capacity of the hierarchical supramolecular gel. The supramolecular gel exhibits its features in a rapid light-responsive rate of hardness and viscosity, enabling the actuation of objects within 22 s under light exposure when employed as a remote actuation switch. Meanwhile, this actuation mechanism of the hierarchical supramolecular gel also has a promising perspective in precise control, identifying and actuating one of the two objects in distances of 0.8 mm even smaller scales. Our work provides a reliable reference for replacing complex actuation switches with intelligent materials for remote, rapid, and accurate actuation, and offers valuable insights for actuation in harsh and vacuum outdoor environments.

Insights into growth stages and genotypes in airborne Pb accumulation in Oryza sativa L. grains: Utilizing isotope fingerprinting alongside a model study.

Atmospheric exposure is an important pathway of accumulation of lead (Pb) in Oryza sativa L. grains. In this study, source contributions of soil, early atmospheric exposure, and late atmospheric exposure, along with their bioaccumulation ratios were examined both in the pot and field experiments using stable Pb isotope fingerprinting technology combined with a three-compartment accumulation model. Furthermore, genotype differences in airborne Pb accumulation among four field-grown rice cultivars were investigated using the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) linking rice Pb accumulation to agronomic traits. The findings revealed that during the late growth period, the air-foliar-grain transfer of Pb was crucial for rice Pb accumulation. Approximately 69-82% of the Pb found in polished rice was contributed by atmospheric source, with more than 80% accumulating during the late growth stage. The air accumulation ratios of rice grains were genotype-specific and estimated to be 0.364-1.062 m3/g during the late growth. Notably, grain size exhibited the highest standardized total effects on the airborne Pb concentrations in the polished rice, followed by leaf Pb and the upward translocation efficiency of Pb. The present study indicates that mitigating the health risks associated with Pb in rice can be achieved by controlling atmospheric Pb levels during the late growth stage and choosing Japonica inbred varieties characterized by large grain size.

Diagnostic value of serum NLRP3, metalloproteinase-9 and interferon-γ for postoperative hydrocephalus and intracranial infection in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. We unveiled the diagnostic value of serum NLRP3, metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in post-craniotomy intracranial infections and hydrocephalus in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma to investigate the high risk factors for these in patients with TBI, and the serological factors predicting prognosis, which had a certain clinical predictive value. Study subjects underwent bone flap resection surgery and were categorized into the intracranial infection/hydrocephalus/control (without postoperative hydrocephalus or intracranial infection) groups, with their clinical data documented. Serum levels of NLRP3, MMP-9 and IFN-γ were determined using ELISA kits, with their diagnostic efficacy on intracranial infections and hydrocephalus evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The independent risk factors affecting postoperative intracranial infections and hydrocephalus were analysed by logistic multifactorial regression. The remission after postoperative symptomatic treatment was counted. The intracranial infection/control groups had significant differences in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, opened injury, surgical time and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, whereas the hydrocephalus and control groups had marked differences in GCS scores, cerebrospinal fluid leakage and subdural effusion. Serum NLRP3, MMP-9 and IFN-γ levels were elevated in patients with post-craniotomy intracranial infections/hydrocephalus. The area under the curve values of independent serum NLRP3, MMP-9, IFN-γ and their combination for diagnosing postoperative intracranial infection were 0.822, 0.722, 0.734 and 0.925, respectively, and for diagnosing hydrocephalus were 0.865, 0.828, 0.782 and 0.957, respectively. Serum NLRP3, MMP-9 and IFN-γ levels and serum NLRP3 and MMP-9 levels were independent risk factors influencing postoperative intracranial infection and postoperative hydrocephalus, respectively. Patients with hydrocephalus had a high remission rate after postoperative symptomatic treatment. Serum NLRP3, MMP-9 and IFN-γ levels had high diagnostic efficacy in patients with postoperative intracranial infection and hydrocephalus, among which serum NLRP3 level played a major role.

Distribution pattern and influencing factors of bacterial communities in different soil depths of Caragana jubata shurb in Luya Mountain, China.

Soil microorganisms are important components of terrestrial ecosystems, affecting soil formation and fertility, plant growth and stress tolerance, nutrient turnover and carbon storage. In this study, we collected soil samples (humus layer, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-80 cm) from Caragana jubata shrubland in Shanxi subalpine to explore the composition, diversity, and assembly of soil bacterial communities at different depths across the soil profile. The results showed that Actinomycota (19%-28%), Chloromycota (10%-36%) and Acidobacteria (15%-24%), and Proteobacteria (9%-25%) were the dominant bacterial phyla. α-diversity of soil bacterial community significantly decreased with the increases of soil depth. Soil bacterial ß-diversity varied across different soil depths. Soil pH, water content, and enzyme activity were the main ecological factors affecting the distribution of soil bacterial communities. Soil bacterial communities had more complex interactions in humus layer and 0-10 cm layer. On the whole, soil bacterial communities were dominated by coexistence in C. jubata shrubland, and the soil bacterial community assembly was driven by random process.

Native Approach to Controlled-Z Gates in Inductively Coupled Fluxonium Qubits.

The fluxonium qubits have emerged as a promising platform for gate-based quantum information processing. However, their extraordinary protection against charge fluctuations comes at a cost: when coupled capacitively, the qubit-qubit interactions are restricted to XX interactions. Consequently, effective ZZ or XZ interactions are only constructed either by temporarily populating higher-energy states, or by exploiting perturbative effects under microwave driving. Instead, we propose and demonstrate an inductive coupling scheme, which offers a wide selection of native qubit-qubit interactions for fluxonium. In particular, we leverage a built-in, flux-controlled ZZ interaction to perform qubit entanglement. To combat the increased flux-noise-induced dephasing away from the flux-insensitive position, we use a continuous version of the dynamical decoupling scheme to perform noise filtering. Combining these, we demonstrate a 20 ns controlled-z gate with a mean fidelity of 99.53%. More than confirming the efficacy of our gate scheme, this high-fidelity result also reveals a promising but rarely explored parameter space uniquely suitable for gate operations between fluxonium qubits.

Molecular Investigation and Preliminary Validation of Candidate Genes Associated with Neurological Damage in Heat Stroke.

Heat stroke (HS) is a severe medical condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response that may precipitate multi-organ dysfunction, with a particular predilection for inducing profound central nervous system impairments. We aim to employ bioinformatics techniques for the retrieval and analysis of genes associated with heat stroke-induced neurological damage. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the GSE64778 dataset from the Sequence Read Archive, resulting in the identification of 1178 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We retrieved 2914 genes associated with heat stroke from the GeneCards database and 2377 genes associated with heat stroke from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The intersection of the top 300 DEGs in the GSE64778 dataset intersected with the search results of GeneCards and CTD, yielding 25 final candidates for DEGs associated with heat stroke. Gene Ontology functional annotation results indicated that the target genes were mainly involved in apoptosis, stress response, and negative regulation of cellular processes and function in processes such as protein dimerization and protein binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed a predominant enrichment of candidate target genes within the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Subsequent protein-protein interaction network analysis highlighted HSP90aa1 as a central gene, indicating its pivotal role by possessing the highest number of edges among the genes enriched in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis performed on blood samples from patients validated the expression of Hsp90aa1 in individuals exhibiting early neurological damage in HS, consistent with the findings from the mRNA bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, the bioinformatics analysis of the upstream microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating HSP90aa1 and the target miRNAs associated with candidate long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) identified three lncRNAs, eight miRNAs, and one mRNA in the regulatory network. The DIANA Tools database and algorithms were employed for pathway enrichment and correlation analysis, revealing a significant association between LOC102547734 and MIR-206-3p, with the latter being identified as a target binding site Moreover, the analysis unveiled a correlation between MIR-206-3p and HSP90aa1, implicating the latter as a potential target binding site within the regulatory network.

Salvianolic acid A provides neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via PKA/CREB/c-Fos signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a phenomenon that pathological injury of ischemic brain tissue is further aggravated after the restoration of blood supply. The complex pathological mechanism of CIRI has led to the failure of multiple neuroprotective agents in clinical studies. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a neuroprotective extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., with significant pharmacological activities in the treatment of brain injury. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of SAA remain unclear. PURPOSE: To explore the potential protective effect of SAA on CIRI and its mechanism, and to provide experimental basis for the research of new drugs for CIRI. STUDY DESIGN: A model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats was used to simulate clinical CIRI, and the neuroprotective effect of SAA on tMCAO rats was investigated within 14 days after reperfusion. The improvement effects of SAA on cognitive impairment of tMCAO rats were investigated by behavioral tests from days 7-14. Finally, the neuroprotective mechanism of SAA was investigated on day 14. METHODS: The neuroprotective effects and mechanism of SAA were investigated by behavioral tests, HE and TUNEL staining, RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis and Western blot in tMCAO rats. RESULTS: The brain protective effects of SAA were achieved by alleviating cerebral infarction, cerebral edema, cerebral atrophy and nerve injury in tMCAO rats. Meanwhile, SAA could effectively improve the cognitive impairment and pathological damage of hippocampal tissue, and inhibit cell apoptosis in tMCAO rats. Besides, SAA could provide neuroprotective effects by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2, inhibiting the activation of Caspase 3, and regulating PKA/CREB/c-Fos signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: SAA can significantly improve brain injury and cognitive impairment in CIRI rats, and this neuroprotective effect may be achieved through the anti-apoptotic effect and the regulation of PKA/CREB/c-Fos signaling pathway.

[Variation in Phosphorus Concentration and Flux at Zhutuo Section in the Yangtze River and Source Apportionment].

Phosphorus (P) is a pollutant of great concern in the Yangtze River Basin. The Xiangjiaba Reservoir and Xiluodu Reservoir on the lower reach of the Jinsha River began to operate in 2012 and 2013, respectively, which greatly changed the concentrations of suspended sediment and characteristics of P form and transport in the reservoirs and the downstream reach from Yibin to Jiangjin of the Yangtze River. The Zhutuo section is representative in the water quality of the Yibin-Jiangjin reach, which can not only reflect the comprehensive effects of the formation of the two reservoirs and changes in the aquatic environment in the Min-Tuo Rivers but also reflect the quality of water flowing into the Three Gorges Reservoir. The runoff, concentrations and fluxes of suspended sediments (SS), and P concentrations and fluxes at Zhutuo section were studied during 2002-2019, and the source of P was apportioned based on the principle of river base flow. The results showed that in the past 18 years, the concentrations and fluxes of total phosphorus (TP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) at Zhutuo section in the wet season were higher than those in the level and dry seasons; the rule of positive correlation between PP and SS concentrations remained unchanged. From 2002 to 2019, the concentrations and fluxes of TP, PP, and dissolved P (DP) generally increased first and then decreased, and the operation of the Xiangjiaba Reservoir was a time node for the trend turning. Compared with that in the period from 2002-2012, the SS concentration and flux decreased by 94% and 77%, TP and PP concentrations decreased by 46% and 70%, and TP and PP fluxes decreased by 58% and 74%, respectively, during 2014-2019. The decline mainly occurred in the wet season, followed by that in the level season. After the formation of the two reservoirs, the relationship between water and sediment and the form of P greatly changed, and the proportion of DP in TP increased significantly, whereas the proportion of PP was the opposite. The TP pool in overlying water in the dry and level seasons shifted from mainly particulate to mainly dissolved. The change in water and sediment conditions was the main driving force for the significant change in P concentration, flux, and form. Before the operation of the Xiangjiaba Reservoir, the Jinsha River was the maximum contributor to the whole and diffuse source part of the TP load at Zhutuo section among the contributing catchment sub-basins; however, the Minjiang River became the largest contributor after the operation. The average TP load at Zhutuo section from 2017-2019 was 3.575×104 t·a-1 (after deducting the natural background value), of which the contribution of diffuse sources and point sources accounted for 68% and 32%, respectively. The Minjiang River represented 49%, 43%, and 62% of the total TP load, diffuse source TP load, and point source TP load at Zhutuo section, respectively. Considering the load contribution and pollution intensity, the key area for P pollution control in the area upstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir was the Min-Tuo River Basin.

The Impact of Drain Placement on Postoperative Complications in Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Obesity in individuals can have consequences ranging from metabolically healthy obesity to serious morbidities and reduce the quality and duration of life. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the role of abdominal drainage on postoperative complications after bariatric surgery. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for eligible studies. The results revealed that abdominal drainage was associated with surgical complications, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.70 (P < .001), but not associated with wound infection (OR: 1.04; P = .762). Associations with surgical complications were mainly detected from retrospective cohort studies. The use of abdominal drainage showed associations with death (OR: 1.68; P < .001) and reoperation (OR: 1.49; P < .001). These findings revealed that abdominal drainage during bariatric surgery was associated with surgical complications, death, and reoperation. These results should be taken with caution since randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies were analyzed together.

Biomembrane-Derived Nanoparticles in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Synthetic Lipid Nanoparticles and Natural Cell-Derived Vesicles.

Current therapies for Alzheimer's disease used in the clinic predominantly focus on reducing symptoms with limited capability to control disease progression; thus, novel drugs are urgently needed. While nanoparticles (liposomes, high-density lipoprotein-based nanoparticles) constructed with synthetic biomembranes have shown great potential in AD therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, multifunctionality and ability to penetrate the BBB, nanoparticles derived from natural biomembranes (extracellular vesicles, cell membrane-based nanoparticles) display inherent biocompatibility, stability, homing ability and ability to penetrate the BBB, which may present a safer and more effective treatment for AD. In this paper, we reviewed the synthetic and natural biomembrane-derived nanoparticles that are used in AD therapy. The challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomembrane-derived nanoparticles and future perspectives are also discussed.

Photoinduced Cobalt Catalyzed Radical Heck-Type Reaction of Alkyl Electrophiles.

We report here a general alkylation reaction of terminal alkenes with nucleophilic cobaloxime complex catalysis under visible light irradiation. A broad range of vinyl arenes and heteroarenes, as well as a diverse set of alkyl(pseudo)halides or strained rings as alkyl electrophiles, can efficiently undergo the transformation up to the gram scale. Mechanistic study reveals the radical nature of the reaction and corroborates our design involving alkylcobaloxime as the key intermediate.

A nomogram for predicting the risk of major postoperative complications for patients with meningioma.

PURPOSE: To identify risk factors for major postoperative complications in meningioma patients and to construct and validate a nomogram that identify patients at high risk of these complications. METHODS: The medical records of meningioma patients who underwent surgical resection in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into a training set (815 cases from the main campus in 2018 and 2019) and a validation set (300 cases from two other campuses in 2020). Major postoperative complications were defined as any new neurological deficits and complications classified as Clavien-Dindo Grading (CDG) II or higher. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the training set to identify independent risk factors. A nomogram was constructed based on these results. And then validated the nomogram through bootstrap re-sampling in both the training and validation sets. The concordance index (C-index) and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the discriminative ability of the nomogram. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was performed to evaluate the goodness-of-fit. The optimal cutoff point for the nomogram was calculated using Youden's index. RESULTS: In the training set, 135 cases (16.56%) experienced major postoperative complications. The independent risk factors identified were male sex, recurrent tumors, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III-IV, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score < 80, preoperative serum albumin < 35 g/L, tumor in the skull base or central sulcus area, subtotal tumor resection (STR), allogeneic blood transfusion, and larger tumor size. A nomogram was constructed based on these risk factors. It demonstrated good predictive performance, with a C-index of 0.919 for the training set and 0.872 for the validation set. The area under the curve (AUC) > 0.7 indicated satisfactory discriminative ability. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed no significant deviation from the predicted probabilities. And the cutoff for nomogram total points was about 200 (specificity 0.881 and sensitivity 0.834). CONCLUSIONS: The constructed nomogram demonstrated robust predictive performance for major postoperative complications in meningioma patients. This model can be used by surgeons as a reference in clinical decision-making.

Tuning electronic structure for enhanced photocatalytic performance: theoretical and experimental investigation of CuM1-xM'xO2 (M, M' = B, Al, Ga, In) solid solutions.

This study introduces robust screening methodology for the efficient design of delafossite CuM1-xM'xO2 solid-solution photocatalysts using band-structure engineering. The investigation not only reveals the formation rules for various CuM1-xM'xO2 solid solutions but also highlights the dependence on both lattice compatibility and thermodynamic stability. Moreover, the study uncovers the nonlinear relationship between composition and band gaps in these solid solutions, with the bowing coefficient determined by the substitution constituents. By optimizing the constituent elements of the conduction band edge and adjusting solubility, the band structure of CuM1-xM'xO2 samples can be fine-tuned to the visible light region. Among the examined photocatalysts, CuAl0.5Ga0.5O2 exhibits the highest H2 evolution rate by striking a balance between visible-light absorption and sufficient reduction potential, showing improvements of 28.8 and 6.9 times those of CuAlO2 and CuGaO2, respectively. Additionally, CuGa0.9In0.1O2 demonstrates enhanced electron migration and surpasses CuGaO2 in H2 evolution due to a reduction in the effective mass of photogenerated electrons. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of theoretical predictions in synthesizing CuM1-xM'xO2 solid solutions and underscore the importance of rational substitution constituents in optimizing light absorption, reduction potentials, and effective mass for efficient hydrogen production.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Melt-Spun Filaments of Polybutene-1 and Butene-1/Ethylene Copolymer.

Polybutene-1 with form I crystals exhibits excellent creep resistance and environmental stress crack resistance. The filaments of polybutene-1 and its random copolymer with 4 mol% ethylene co-units were produced via extrusion melt spinning, which are expected to be in form I states and show outstanding mechanical properties. The variances in microstructure, crystallization-melting behavior, and mechanical properties between homopolymer and copolymer filaments were analyzed using SEM, SAXS/WAXD, DSC, and tensile tests. The crystallization of form II and subsequent phase transition into form I finished after the melt-spinning process in the copolymer sample while small amounts of form II crystals remained in homopolymer filaments. Surprisingly, copolymer filaments exhibited higher tensile strength and Young's modulus than homopolymer filaments, while the homopolymer films showed better mechanical properties than copolymer films. The high degree of orientation and long fibrous crystals play a critical role in the superior properties of copolymer filaments. The results indicate that the existence of ethylene increases the chain flexibility and benefits the formation of intercrystalline links during spinning, which contributes to an enhancement of mechanical properties. The structure-property correlation of melt-spun PB-1 filaments provides a reference for the development of polymer fibers with excellent creep resistance.