Seven-year follow-up of the immune response after one or 2 doses of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine given at 1 year of age in the Mendoza Province of Argentina.

This monocenter, descriptive, prospective, non-interventional study evaluated the long-term immune responses following routine vaccination with one or 2 doses of a licensed inactivated hepatitis A (HA) vaccine (Avaxim® 80U Pediatric) at age 11-23 months in a cohort of children from Mendoza, Argentina. Antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) were quantified annually up to Y5, and at Y7. Children whose titer decreased to below the seroprotection threshold (defined as an anti-HAV antibody concentration of ≥ 10 mIU/mL in a microparticle enzyme immunoassay up to Y5, or ≥ 3 mIU/mL in an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay at Y7) received a routine booster dose of the same HA vaccine. This report summarizes the data at 7 year after the first vaccination. Of 546 participants initially included, 264 participants remained at Y7 and provided blood samples. Of these, 204 having received one HA primary dose as a toddler were still seroprotected at Y7; titers for a further 7 also having received one HA dose as a toddler fell to below the seroprotection threshold and they therefore received a booster; all 53 having received 2 HA doses as a toddler and still present at Y7 remained seroprotected at Y7. One or 2 primary doses of this HA vaccine in toddlers result in very good persistence of anti-HAV up to 7 year post-first vaccination.

Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: This study was done to determine the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine in children, providing needed clinical data on the flexibility of booster administration. METHODS: Participants had received one dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Avaxim™ 80 U Pediatric) at 12-23 months of age or two doses of the same vaccine at 12 and 18 months of age prior to enrolment. Anti-hepatitis A antibody concentrations were measured at the first, second, and third year after vaccination. Suspected cases of hepatitis A in participant families were assessed and family socioeconomic data were collected. RESULTS: A series of 546 participants were enrolled. Of 467 (85.5%) participants completing 3 years of follow-up, 365 had received a single vaccine dose and 94 had received two vaccine doses. Seropositivity (anti-HAV ≥ 10 mIU/mL) at 3 years was 99.7% after one dose and 100% after two doses. At one year, geometric mean concentrations were higher after two doses (1433.9 mIU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1108-1855) than one (209.7 mIU/mL, 95% CI 190.6-230.6). Geometric mean concentrations decreased in both groups during the study, but remained well above 10 mIU/mL through the third year. The geometric mean of 3-year to one-year anti-hepatitis A concentration ratios was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.79) following one dose and 0.57 (95% CI 0.47-0.70) following two doses. The greatest decrease in geometric mean concentrations occurred during the third year, ie, 21.2% in the one-dose group and 40.8% in the two-dose group. Six participants became seronegative during follow-up and responded strongly to a booster dose. Anti-hepatitis A concentrations increased in 135 children (34.9%) in the second year and 50 (13.7%) in the third year; none lived in a family with a case of hepatitis A. Three confirmed cases of hepatitis A occurred in family members. Participants belonged to a middle-income, urban/suburban population with good sanitation facilities and water supplies. CONCLUSION: A single dose of hepatitis A vaccine at 12-23 months of age resulted in hepatitis A seropositivity in all but one vaccinee after 3 years. Increased anti-hepatitis A serum concentrations suggested exposure to wild-type hepatitis A virus in this middle-class socioeconomic environment. Continuing surveillance is required to confirm the effectiveness of a single-dose hepatitis A vaccination; however, the results of the first three years are encouraging.

[Hydrops of the gallbladder and hepatitis associated with scarlet fever]. / Hidrops vesicular y hepatitis asociados con escarlatina.

Hydrops of the gallbladder is a rare pediatric disease. It consists of acute distension of the gallbladder without associated congenital anomalies, biliary calculi or acute local inflammation. Although the etiology is unknown, it appears frequently associated with systemic illnesses. Hepatitis is a rare complication of scarlet fever in the pediatric population. We report a four years old girl with gallbladder hydrops and hepatitis associated to scarlet fever. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report in the medical literature describing an association of these three conditions

[Celiac crisis: presentation as bleeding diathesis]. / Crisis celíaca: presentación con diátesis hemorrágica.

Celiac crisis is a severe and potentially fatal complication of celiac disease. Unusual at present, it has been described mainly in children younger than 2-years-old, but reports in adults do exist. We report a 26-years-old lady with tetany and bleeding diathesis at presentation. In spite of it rareness, it is important to consider celiac crisis among the multiple manifestations of celiac disease.

[Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in Bean syndrome]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de hemorragia digestiva en síndrome de Bean (Blue Rubber-Bleb Nevus Syndrome).

Blue Rubber-Bleb Nevus Syndrome (BRBNS, Bean Syndrome) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of cutaneous and visceral vascular malformations. Although it may affect several organs, the gastrointestinal tract is one of the most frequently involved sites. It can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and chronic anemia. We report an 8-years-old girl who was admitted because of cutaneous malformations and anemia suspected to be caused by gastrointestinal bleeding. Cutaneous lesions were compatible with Blue Rubber-Bleb Nevus Syndrome. Vascular malformations were confirmed by diagnostic gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy and further therapeutical intervention was planned. We performed banding of 2 lesions located in the stomach and sclerotherapy of a duodenal lesion. Six colonic lesions were treated with banding and three other polypoid lesions were endoscopically resected A combined laparoscopic and endoscopic approach was performed for evaluation and treatment of small-bowel lesions. Eighteen lesions were found. We endoscopically resected 8 polipoid lesions. Eight other large transmural lesions were removed by wedge resection. Only one lesion required termino-terminal anastomosis. We consider that endoscopic treatment and laparoscopically assisted enteroscopy are safe and effective options in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by vascular malformations.

Hematoma traumático del psoas / Psoas traumatic hematoma

Los hematomas del psoas se suelen observar en pacientes con hemofilia u otras discrasias sanguíneas y como complicaciónde tratamientos anticoagulantes. Con menor frecuencia se pueden ver en personas sanas, debido a la rotura traumática del músculo. Por similares causas se producen hematomas del músculo ilíaco. La parálisis del nervio femoral es la complicación más grave y frecuente de ambas afecciones. Es habitual denominar a estos cuadros como hematomas del iliopsoas y considerarlos en conjunto por las características anatómicas, etiológicas, patológicas y clínicas que presentan. Describimos el caso de un niño de 12 años y 8 meses de edad, sin coagulopatíaconocida, que padeció un hematoma del psoas de origentraumático(AU)

Hematoma traumático del psoas / Psoas traumatic hematoma

Los hematomas del psoas se suelen observar en pacientes con hemofilia u otras discrasias sanguíneas y como complicaciónde tratamientos anticoagulantes. Con menor frecuencia se pueden ver en personas sanas, debido a la rotura traumática del músculo. Por similares causas se producen hematomas del músculo ilíaco. La parálisis del nervio femoral es la complicación más grave y frecuente de ambas afecciones. Es habitual denominar a estos cuadros como hematomas del iliopsoas y considerarlos en conjunto por las características anatómicas, etiológicas, patológicas y clínicas que presentan. Describimos el caso de un niño de 12 años y 8 meses de edad, sin coagulopatíaconocida, que padeció un hematoma del psoas de origentraumático

Hematoma traumático del psoas / Psoas traumatic hematoma

Los hematomas del psoas se suelen observar en pacientes con hemofilia u otras discrasias sanguíneas y como complicaciónde tratamientos anticoagulantes. Con menor frecuencia se pueden ver en personas sanas, debido a la rotura traumática del músculo. Por similares causas se producen hematomas del músculo ilíaco. La parálisis del nervio femoral es la complicación más grave y frecuente de ambas afecciones. Es habitual denominar a estos cuadros como hematomas del iliopsoas y considerarlos en conjunto por las características anatómicas, etiológicas, patológicas y clínicas que presentan. Describimos el caso de un niño de 12 años y 8 meses de edad, sin coagulopatíaconocida, que padeció un hematoma del psoas de origentraumático(AU)

[Congenital chloride diarrhea]. / Clorhidrorrea congénita.

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare hereditary disease, with a prenatal onset, secondary to a deficit in the intestinal chloride transport. In the present study, we describe the clinical characteristics of three patients with congenital watery diarrhea, two of them females, aged between 9 and 14 months at the first visit. All patients presented perinatal antecedents of polyhydramnios and prematurity, watery stools since birth and growth failure. Metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia and hypochloremia were found. Stool ionogram with elevated doses of chloride, exceeding both sodium and potassium, confirmed the diagnosis of CCD. Substitute treatment with sodium and potassium chloride was started with good results. CCD should be considered as a differential diagnosis to congenital watery diarrhea, since early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are mandatory for the normal development of the child, avoiding severe complications such as neurological sequelae and even death.

Clorhidrorrea congénita. / [Congenital chloride diarrhea]

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare hereditary disease, with a prenatal onset, secondary to a deficit in the intestinal chloride transport. In the present study, we describe the clinical characteristics of three patients with congenital watery diarrhea, two of them females, aged between 9 and 14 months at the first visit. All patients presented perinatal antecedents of polyhydramnios and prematurity, watery stools since birth and growth failure. Metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia and hypochloremia were found. Stool ionogram with elevated doses of chloride, exceeding both sodium and potassium, confirmed the diagnosis of CCD. Substitute treatment with sodium and potassium chloride was started with good results. CCD should be considered as a differential diagnosis to congenital watery diarrhea, since early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are mandatory for the normal development of the child, avoiding severe complications such as neurological sequelae and even death.