Efficacy of routine second-look endoscopy after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of scheduled second-look endoscopy in patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically search in four databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the usefulness of scheduled second-look endoscopy vs. single endoscopy in patients with PUB. Our primary outcome was rebleeding. Secondary outcomes were surgery, mortality, and the number of units of blood transfused (NUBT). All meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD), with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and the quality of evidence (QoE) was rated with the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eight full-text RCTs and two RCT abstracts were included (n=1513). We did not find differences in rebleeding (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53-1.14, moderate QoE), surgery (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.29-1.15, moderate QoE), mortality (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.46-1.71, moderate QoE) or NUBT (MD, -0.01 units; 95% CI, -0.3 to 0.28, low QoE) between second-look and single endoscopy. Sensitivity analyses had similar results to the main analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Routine second-look endoscopy was not more efficacious than single endoscopy in patients with PUB.

Early and severe onset of esophageal dysfunction after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case report and review of literature.

After bariatric surgery one of the most common complications is dysphagia. The etiology of this disease has not been fully elucidated but it is known that it may be due to structural changes due to surgery. This case describes a 65-year-old female with early and severe onset of dysphagia following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The patient's final diagnosis was postobesity surgery esophageal dysfunction and laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed. Physicians should be aware of this condition in order to offer early diagnosis and treatment.

Efficacy of routine second-look endoscopy after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis / Eficacia de la endoscopia control de rutina después de la hemostasia endoscópica en pacientes con hemorragia por úlcera péptica aguda: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of scheduled second-look endoscopy in patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). Materials and methods: We systematically search in four databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the usefulness of scheduled second-look endoscopy vs. single endoscopy in patients with PUB. Our primary outcome was rebleeding. Secondary outcomes were surgery, mortality, and the number of units of blood transfused (NUBT). All meta-analyses were performed using a randomeffects model. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD), with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and the quality of evidence (QoE) was rated with the GRADE approach. Results: Eight full-text RCTs and two RCT abstracts were included (n=1513). We did not find differences in rebleeding (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.531.14, moderate QoE), surgery (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.29-1.15, moderate QoE), mortality (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.46-1.71, moderate QoE) or NUBT (MD, -0.01 units; 95% CI, -0.3 to 0.28, low QoE) between second-look and single endoscopy. Sensitivity analyses had similar results to the main analyses. Conclusions: Routine second-look endoscopy was not more efficacious than single endoscopy in patients with PUB.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la endoscopia de revisión programada en pacientes con hemorragia por úlcera péptica aguda (UPA). Materiales y métodos: Buscamos de forma sistemática en cuatro bases de datos ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que evaluaran la utilidad de la endoscopia de control programada versus la endoscopia única en pacientes con UPA. Nuestro outcome primario fue el resangrado. Los outcomes secundarios fueron la necesidad de cirugía, la mortalidad y el número de unidades de sangre transfundidas (NUST). Todos los meta-análisis se realizaron mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios. Se calcularon el riesgo relativo (RR) combinado y la diferencia de medias (DM), con sus intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% para los resultados categóricos y continuos, respectivamente. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane RoB 2.0 y la calidad de la evidencia (QoE) se calificó con el enfoque GRADE. Resultados: Se incluyeron ocho ECA de texto completo y dos resúmenes de ECA (n = 1513). No encontramos diferencias en resangrado (RR, 0,78; IC 95%, 0,53-1,14, QoE moderada), cirugía (RR, 0,58; IC 95%, 0,291,15, QoE moderada), mortalidad (RR, 0,89; 95% IC, 0,46-1,71, QoE moderada) o NUST (DM, -0,01 unidades; IC del 95%, -0,3 a 0,28, QoE baja) entre la segunda revisión y la endoscopia única. Los análisis de sensibilidad tuvieron resultados similares a los análisis principales. Conclusiones: La endoscopia de control de rutina no fue más eficaz que la endoscopia única en pacientes con UPA.

Early and severe onset of esophageal dysfunction after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case report and review of literature / Inicio temprano y severo de disfunción esofágica después de manga gástrica laparoscópica: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

ABSTRACT After bariatric surgery one of the most common complications is dysphagia. The etiology of this disease has not been fully elucidated but it is known that it may be due to structural changes due to surgery. This case describes a 65-year-old female with early and severe onset of dysphagia following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The patient's final diagnosis was postobesity surgery esophageal dysfunction and laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed. Physicians should be aware of this condition in order to offer early diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN Después de una cirugía bariátrica una de las complicaciones más comunes es la disfagia. La etiología de esta enfermedad no ha sido completamente dilucidada, pero se sabe que puede deberse a cambios estructurales debidos a la cirugía. En este reporte se describe el caso de una mujer de 65 años con disfagia severa de aparición temprana después de una en manga gástrica laparoscópica. El diagnóstico final del paciente fue de una disfunción esofágica posterior a una cirugía de obesidad y se planteó como manejo una gastrectomía proximal laparoscópica con anastomosis esofagoyeyunal en Y de Roux. Hay que tener en cuenta las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo que se pueden presentar luego de cirugías de obesidad para poder realizar un diagnóstico temprano y poder ofrecer un tratamiento adecuado.

Vanek's tumor: a rare differential diagnosis of colonic submucosal lesions.

Gastrointestinal submucosal lesions represent a diagnostic challenge, including benign or malignant lesions, so they are identified more accurately by histopathological study accompanied by immunohistochemistry. This is a case of a 21-year-old man with a bleeding submucosal lesion in the cecum. The patient underwent a right colectomy. Microscopic finding was compatible with Vanek's tumor.

Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Early enteral nutrition through a feeding tube is essential for the management of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Nasojejunal tube nutrition has been preferred on the assumption that it provided pancreatic rest in comparison to the nasogastric tube. However, nasojejunal tube placement is complex, may delay feeding initiation and can increase hospital costs. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of enteral feeding with a nasogastric tube versus nasojejunal tube in patients with SAP. We searched four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) until December 1, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing enteral feeding by nasogastric and nasojejunal tubes in patients with SAP. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were organ failure, infection, complications, surgical intervention, duration of tube feeding and length of hospital stay. Risk of bias assessment was completed independently by two investigators using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. We performed random effects model meta-analyses using the inverse variance method. Effect measures were reported as relative risks (RR) and their 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) and their 95% CIs for continuous outcomes. We included four RCTs involving 192 patients with SAP. The mean ages ranged between 36 and 62 years old. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the nasogastric and nasojejunal feeding arms (18/98 vs. 23/93; RR 1.34, 95%CI 0.77-2.30; p=0.30). There were no significant differences in all secondary outcomes between feeding arms. There were three RCTs with some concerns of bias, in the randomization process. In conclusion, in patients with SAP, enteral feeding delivered by nasogastric tube was as efficacious and safe as nasojejunal tube. Further randomized controlled trials with more participants and better design are needed to confirm these findings.

Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acutepancreatitis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Early enteral nutrition through a feeding tube is essential for the management of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Nasojejunal tube nutrition has been preferred on the assumption that it provided pancreatic rest in comparison to the nasogastric tube. However, nasojejunal tube placement is complex, may delay feeding initiation and can increase hospital costs. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of enteral feeding with a nasogastric tube versus nasojejunal tube in patients with SAP. We searched four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) until December 1, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing enteral feeding by nasogastric and nasojejunal tubes in patients with SAP. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were organ failure, infection, complications, surgical intervention, duration of tube feeding and length of hospital stay. Risk of bias assessment was completed independently by two investigators using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. We performed random effects model meta-analyses using the inverse variance method. Effect measures were reported as relative risks (RR) and their 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) and their 95% CIs for continuous outcomes. We included four RCTs involving 192 patients with SAP. The mean ages ranged between 36 and 62 years old. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the nasogastric and nasojejunal feeding arms (18/98 vs. 23/93; RR 1.34, 95%CI 0.77-2.30; p=0.30). There were no significant differences in all secondary outcomes between feeding arms. There were three RCTs with some concerns of bias, in the randomization process. In conclusion, in patients with SAP, enteral feeding delivered by nasogastric tube was as efficacious and safe as nasojejunal tube. Further randomized controlled trials with more participants and better design are needed to confirm these findings.

La nutrición enteral temprana a través de una sonda de alimentación es esencial para el tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda severa (PAS). Se ha preferido la nutrición por sonda nasoyeyunal, bajo el supuesto de que proporciona descanso pancreático en comparación con la sonda nasogástrica. Sin embargo, la colocación de la sonda nasoyeyunal es compleja, puede retrasar el inicio de la alimentación y aumentar los costos hospitalarios. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la eficacia y seguridad de la alimentación enteral con sonda nasogástrica versus sonda nasoyeyunal en pacientes con PAS. Se realizaron búsquedas en cuatro bases de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Embase) hasta el 1 de diciembre de 2022. Se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que compararon la alimentación enteral mediante sondas nasogástricas y nasoyeyunales en pacientes con PAS. El resultado primario fue la mortalidad por todas las causas. Los resultados secundarios fueron insuficiencia orgánica, infección, complicaciones, intervención quirúrgica, duración de la alimentación por sonda y duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Dos investigadores completaron de forma independiente la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo mediante la herramienta Cochrane RoB 2.0. Realizamos metanálisis de modelos de efectos aleatorios utilizando el método de varianza inversa. Las medidas del efecto se informaron como riesgos relativos (RR) y sus IC del 95% para resultados dicotómicos y diferencias de medias (DM) y sus IC del 95% para resultados continuos. Se incluyeron cuatro ECA con 192 pacientes con PAS. La edad media osciló entre 36 y 62 años. No hubo diferencias significativas en la mortalidad por todas las causas entre los brazos de alimentación nasogástrica y nasoyeyunal Cambiar lo resaltado por: (18/98 vs. 23/93; RR 1.34, 95%CI 0.77-2.30; p=0.30). No hubo diferencias significativas en todos los resultados secundarios entre los brazos de alimentación. Hubo tres ECA con algunas preocupaciones de sesgo en el proceso de asignación aleatorizado. En conclusión, en pacientes con PAS, la alimentación enteral administrada por sonda nasogástrica fue tan eficaz y segura como la sonda nasoyeyunal. Se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios con más participantes y mejor diseño para confirmar estos hallazgos.

An unusual case of extensive polypoid high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known precursor of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic resection and surgery are the techniques used to treat these kinds of lesions. However, endoscopic resection is considered the first choice for the management of superficial lesions. Dysplasia in BE most commonly appears like a flat lesion but here we describe an unusual case of dysplasia and superficial adenocarcinoma looking like an extensive polypoid lesion.

El esófago de Barrett (EB) es un precursor conocido de displasia y adenocarcinoma. La resección endoscópica y la cirugía son las técnicas utilizadas para tratar este tipo de lesiones. Sin embargo, la resección endoscópica se considera la primera opción para el manejo de las lesiones superficiales. La displasia en EB aparece más comúnmente como una lesión plana, pero aquí describimos un caso inusual de displasia y adenocarcinoma superficial que parece una lesión polipoide extensa.

Esofagitis disecante superficial: entidad subdiagnosticada en pacientes pluripatológicos

Paciente de 76 años con múltiples comorbilidades presenta sintomatología gastrointestinal, donde la endoscopía digestiva alta revela mucosa esofágica "acartonada" en tercio distal, que a la toma de biopsia se produce esfacelación de 20 mm de largo por 6 mm de ancho, con sangrado que se autolimita. Muestra patológica es compatible con Esofagitis Disecante Superficial (EDS). Esta es una entidad poco frecuente descrita por primera vez en 1800, caracterizada endoscópicamente por desprendimiento de mucosa en tiras verticales como "cinta de papel de regalo", que se confirma mediante patología con una mucosa "bitonal", compuesta por una capa superficial eosinofílica y una zona basofílica de apariencia normal. Puede estar acompañada de inflamación mínima focal. La etiopatogenia no es clara; sin embargo, tiene buena respuesta a inhibidores de bomba de protones (IBPs). En nuestro caso la paciente presentaba todas las características de EDS, y ante su baja frecuencia reportada, se realizó revisión de literatura y discusión de esta rara entidad.

A 76-year-old patient presents multiple comorbidities and gastrointestinal symptoms. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy exam reveals distal stiffness esophageal mucosa. A biopsy was taking creating sloughing of 20 mm long by 6 mm wide with self-limited bleeding. Specimen is compatible with Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis (EDS). This is a rare entity first described in 1800, characterized endoscopically by mucosal detachment in vertical strips like "gift paper tape", which is confirmed by pathology with a mucosa with "two tones", composed of a eosinophilic superficial layer and a normal-appearing basophilic area. It may be accompanied by minimal focal inflammation. The etiopathogenesis is not clear; however, it has a good response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). In our case, the patient presented all the characteristics of EDS, and given its low reported frequency, a review of the literature and discussion of this rare entity was performed.

Metástasis gástrica de tumor de células germinales mixto primario testicular: reporte de caso / Gastric metastasis of primary testicular mixed germ cell tumor: A case report

RESUMEN El cáncer de testículo es el tumor sólido más común en los varones de 15 a 29 años. Puede producirse metástasis por vía hematógena o linfática a distintos órganos como pulmón e hígado (usuales) y estómago (inusual). Se presenta el caso de un varón de 30 años que cursa con hemorragia digestiva alta por dos úlceras en el cuerpo gástrico con histología de neoplasia maligna indiferenciada de células pequeñas. En las tomografías se observa tumor testicular derecho con implantes secundarios en cerebro, pulmón, hígado y bazo. Se estudia β-HCG (35 5354 mUI/ml), AFP (500 ng/mL) y DHL (1669 UI/L). Se realiza una orquiectomía radical derecha y se concluyeque es un tumor de células germinales primario de testículo derecho de estadio clínico IIIC por metástasis hepática, esplénica, pulmonar, gástrica y cerebral.

ABSTRACT Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor in men between ages 15 and 29. It can metastasize through the hematogenous or lymphatic routes to different organs such as the lung and liver (common) and the stomach (uncommon). We present the case of a 30-year-old male patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to two ulcers in the stomach body with histology of unspecified small-cell malignant neoplasm. CT scans showed a right testicular tumor with secondary implants in the brain, lung, liver and spleen. β-HCG (35,5354 mIU/mL), AFP (500 ng/mL) and LDH (1,669 IU/L) tests were conducted. A right radical orchiectomy was performed. It is concluded that this was a clinical stage IIIC primary germ cell tumor of the right testis due to liver, spleen, lung, gastric and brain metastases.

An unusual case of extensive polypoid high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known precursor of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic resection and surgery are the techniques used to treat these kinds of lesions. However, endoscopic resection is considered the first choice for the management of superficial lesions. Dysplasia in BE most commonly appears like a flat lesion but here we describe an unusual case of dysplasia and superficial adenocarcinoma looking like an extensive polypoid lesion.

[Esophagitis dissecans superficialis: subdiagnosed entity in multi-morbid patients]. / Esofagitis disecante superficial: entidad subdiagnosticada en pacientes pluripatológicos.

A 76-year-old patient presents multiple comorbidities and gastrointestinal symptoms. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy exam reveals distal stiffness esophageal mucosa. A biopsy was taking creating sloughing of 20 mm long by 6 mm wide with self-limited bleeding. Specimen is compatible with Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis (EDS). This is a rare entity first described in 1800, characterized endoscopically by mucosal detachment in vertical strips like "gift paper tape", which is confirmed by pathology with a mucosa with "two tones", composed of a eosinophilic superficial layer and a normal-appearing basophilic area. It may be accompanied by minimal focal inflammation. The etiopathogenesis is not clear; however, it has a good response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). In our case, the patient presented all the characteristics of EDS, and given its low reported frequency, a review of the literature and discussion of this rare entity was performed.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon: a case report and literature review.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon is extremely rare. The etiology is poorly understood, and currently, there are different hypotheses about the origin of this malignant neoplasm. Here, we report a case of an 87-year-old male with a moderately-differentiated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the colon.

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud) / Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud)

RESUMEN Introducción : El presente artículo resume las recomendaciones basadas en evidencia de la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales. Métodos : Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos que formuló siete preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando se consideró pertinenteestudios primarios en PubMed y CCENTRAL durante diciembre 2019 y marzo 2020. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas y la certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y los flujogramas. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución Resolución N° 104-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó siete preguntas clínicas, divididas en cuatro temas. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 12 recomendaciones (3 fuertes y 9 condicionales), 17 BPC, y dos flujogramas (uno de diagnóstico y otro de manejo). Conclusión : El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales.

ABSTRACT Introduction : This article summarizes the evidence-based recommendations of the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases. Methods : For the provision of these recommendations, a guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists that formulated seven clinical questions. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when it was considered pertinentprimary studies were conducted in PubMed and CENTRAL during December 2017 and July 2019. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, points of good clinical practice, and flowcharts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution N° 104-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Results: This CPG addressed seven clinical questions, divided into four topics. Based on these questions, 12 recommendations (3 strong and 9 weak), 17 points of good clinical practice, and two flowcharts (one for diagnosis and another for management) were formulated. Conclusion : This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon: a case report and literature review

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon is extremely rare. The etiology is poorly understood, and currently, there are different hypotheses about the origin of this malignant neoplasm. Here, we report a case of an 87-year-old male with a moderately-differentiated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the colon.

El carcinoma primario de células escamosas de colon es extremadamente raro. La etiología es poco conocida, y actualmente existen diferentes hipótesis sobre el origen de esta neoplasia maligna. A continuación, presentamos un caso de un hombre de 87 años con un carcinoma de células escamosas no queratinizante moderadamente diferenciado de colon.

[Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud)]. / Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud).

INTRODUCTION: This article summarizes the evidence-based recommendations of the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases. METHODS: For the provision of these recommendations, a guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including medical specialists andmethodologists that formulated seven clinical questions. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when it was considered pertinent- primary studies were conducted in PubMed and CENTRAL during December 2017 and July 2019. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading ofRecommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, points of good clinical practice, and flowcharts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution N° 104-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. RESULTS: This CPG addressed seven clinical questions, divided into four topics. Based on these questions, 12 recommendations (3 strong and 9 weak), 17 points of good clinical practice, and two flowcharts (one for diagnosis and another for management) were formulated. CONCLUSION: This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the time to endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleedin.

INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, endoscopic procedures are associated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), priority should be given to an early endoscopy. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to compare the time since arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy between both groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study. Data contains information of patients who attended to the hospital with UGIB and underwent an endoscopy between October 19th, 2019 and June 6th, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 phases: pre-pandemic and pandemic. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy in both phases were compared as well as other indicators such hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: With information from 219 patients, the median age was 69 years. 154 and 65 endoscopies were performed in pre-pandemic and pandemic phase, respectively. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy was significantly longer during the pandemic (10.00 vs. 13.08 hours, p-value = 0.019). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in hospital stay or mortality. CONCLUSION: The management of patients with UGIB during the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and requires the application of clinical judgment to decide the best timing to perform an endoscopy without affecting patient care.

[Adherence to institutional clinical practice guideline on managing upper gastrointestinal bleeding, in a hospital in Lima - Peru]. / Adherencia a la guía de práctica clínica institucional sobre hemorragia digestiva alta, en un hospital de Lima - Perú.

INTRODUCTION: In 2018, the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Evaluation and Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) was published by the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). It provides evidence-based statements to optimize the management of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adherence to the statements of the CPG at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital (HNERM) of EsSalud (Lima, Peru). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study, which analyzed the database of all patients who came to the HNERM emergency service with suspected UGB and were scheduled for endoscopy between October 19, 2019 and April 15, 2020. We included those with ≥ 18 years of age. This database contains the main characteristics of the standardized medical history for patients with UGB. Compliance with 13 of the 34 statements of the EsSalud CPG was evaluated. The results were presented descriptively, and the factors associated with compliance with the statements with insufficient adherence (<80%) and with more than 100 evaluated participants were evaluated. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 184 patients who met the inclusion criteria (men: 59.8%, median age: 70 years). The range of adherence to the 13 statements was from 63.2% to 99.5%. Only two statements had insufficient adherence (<80%). The statement with the least adherence was the recommendation to perform a restrictive transfusion. Noncompliance with this recommendation was found to be lower in those who had a higher score on the Glasgow-Blatchford index, a urea creatinine ratio > 60, and a lower hemoglobin on admission. CONCLUSION: Of the 13 statements evaluated, 11 had satisfactory adherence. It is important to explore the reasons why adherence is not adequate for some statements, and to evaluate methods to increase this adherence.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the time to endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding / Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el tiempo hasta la endoscopia en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta

ABSTRACT Introduction : During the COVID-19 pandemic, endoscopic procedures are associated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), priority should be given to an early endoscopy. Objective : The main objective was to compare the time since arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy between both groups. Materials and methods : We performed a retrospective study. Data contains information of patients who attended to the hospital with UGIB and underwent an endoscopy between October 19th, 2019 and June 6th, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 phases: pre-pandemic and pandemic. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy in both phases were compared as well as other indicators such hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. Results : With information from 219 patients, the median age was 69 years. 154 and 65 endoscopies were performed in pre-pandemic and pandemic phase, respectively. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy was significantly longer during the pandemic (10.00 vs. 13.08 hours, p-value = 0.019). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in hospital stay or mortality. Conclusion : The management of patients with UGIB during the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and requires the application of clinical judgment to decide the best timing to perform an endoscopy without affecting patient care.

RESUMEN Introducción : Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los procedimientos endoscópicos se asocian con un alto riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, en casos de hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA), se debe dar prioridad a una endoscopia precoz. Objetivo : El objetivo principal fue comparar el tiempo transcurrido desde la llegada al hospital y la realización de la endoscopia entre ambos grupos. Materiales y métodos : Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo. Los datos contienen información de pacientes que acudieron al hospital con HDA y fueron sometidos a endoscopia entre el 19 de octubre de 2019 y el 6 de junio de 2020. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 fases: prepandémica y pandémica. Se comparó el tiempo transcurrido entre la llegada al hospital y la realización de la endoscopia en ambas fases, así como otros indicadores como la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados : Con información de 219 pacientes, la mediana de edad fue de 69 años. Se realizaron 154 y 65 endoscopias en fase prepandémica y pandémica, respectivamente. El tiempo entre la llegada al hospital y la realización de la endoscopia fue significativamente mayor durante la pandemia (10,00 frente a 13,08 horas, valor de p = 0,019). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en la estancia hospitalaria ni en la mortalidad. Conclusión : El manejo de pacientes con HDA durante la pandemia de COVID-19 es complejo y requiere la aplicación del juicio clínico para decidir el mejor momento para realizar una endoscopia sin afectar la atención del paciente.