Dry Eye Disease as a Cause of Refractive Errors After Cataract Surgery - A Systematic Review.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis with associated ocular symptoms, like dryness, foreign body sensation, and inflammation. Numerous reports confirm an increase in dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery. DED also significantly disturbs preoperative biometric measurements, mainly by changes in keratometry measurements. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of DED on biometric measurements before cataract surgery and postoperative refractive errors. PubMed database was searched for keywords: cataract surgery, dry eye disease, refractive error, refractive outcomes, keratometry, and biometry. Four clinical studies evaluating the effect of DED on refractive errors were included. In all studies, biometry was performed before and after dry eye treatment, and the mean absolute error was compared. Various substances have been used to treat dry eye, such as cyclosporin A, liftitegrast, and loteprednol. The refractive error was significantly lower after treatment in all studies. The results unanimously indicate that refractive errors can be reduced by proper treatment of DED before cataract surgery.

Changes in Tear Proteomic Profile in Ocular Diseases.

The search for proteomic biomarkers in ocular disease is one of the most important research directions in recent years. Reliable biomarkers can be an immense adjuvant for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. There is no more readily available ocular tissue for proteomic analysis than tear film, which makes an interesting target for the biomarker search. Tear film is a complex fluid consisting of a superficial lipid layer, which covers the aqueous-mucous layer. Its complexity makes it a perfect candidate for all the "omics" approaches. Glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and other diseases are commonly thought to have a multifactorial background. Currently, no reliable non-invasive tests are available that would help physicians with screening and further patient management. The aim of the study is to present modern methods of measuring biomarkers in tears, with particular emphasis on spectrometric methods, and to discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness.

Open Globe Injury (OGI) with a Presence of an Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFB)-Epidemiology, Management, and Risk Factors in Long Term Follow-Up.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate visual outcomes and consider management strategies in the eyes with an intraocular foreign body (IOFB). In a single-center, retrospective case-control study, 36 eyes of 36 patients who suffered from open globe injury (OGI) with IOFB were admitted to the Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery of Medical University of Lublin, Poland from January 2015 to December 2020. Most frequent primary procedure was the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with IOFB removal (n = 28). Retinal detachment (RD) developed in nine eyes soon after injury or as a further complication. Recurrent retinal detachment occurred in eight of these nine cases. Final VA 0.1 or better was observed in 21 eyes (58%). Fifteen patients had BCVA of less than 0.1. One eye was not included in the final VA assessment due to the short follow-up period. In 25 out of 28 patients who underwent any kind of pars plana vitrectomy (ppV) a BCVA of <0.4 was observed. The prognosis after an IOFB injury is uncertain due to multiple factors in a peri- and postoperative period. Factors predisposing to poor visual outcomes are: IOFB localization in the posterior segment, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage and prolonged silicone oil tamponade.