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Arm injuries are common in youth fastpitch softball players. To characterize arm injuries and assess injury prevention knowledge, we administered a cross-sectional online survey and injury prevention quiz to high school fastpitch softball players, parents, and coaches. Associations between throwing habits and adverse arm outcomes were computed. Surveys were collected from 123 high school players, 59 parents, and 28 coaches, totaling 210 responses. Nearly half (48.8%) of players saw a doctor for arm pain. Riseball pitchers were less likely to undergo surgery than non-riseball pitchers (P = .008). Outfield/utility players trended toward more frequent arm pain compared to alternative position groups (P = .086). On injury prevention quizzes, players, parents, and coaches averaged scores of 56-65% correct, with players scoring below parents (P = .011) and coaches (P = .006). In conclusion, high school softball players frequently seek medical attention for arm pain, and injury prevention knowledge is consistently lacking.
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Arm Injuries , Baseball , Parents , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent , Male , Baseball/injuries , Arm Injuries/prevention & control , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Athletic Injuries/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: With a lack of standardization among outcome measures in fracture literature, cross-study comparisons remain limited. This systematic review aimed to identify trends in outcome measures reported by studies of the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. METHODS: A systematic review was performed of studies reporting clinical outcomes of humeral shaft fractures indexed in PubMed. Extracted data included demographics, fracture characteristics, treatment modalities, outcomes, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), and journal characteristics. Cochran-Armitage tests and linear regressions were used to identify data trends. Pearson chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons between studies. RESULTS: This review included 197 studies with outcomes of 15,445 humeral shaft fractures. 126 studies reported PROMs and 37 different PROMs were used. The Constant Score was most commonly reported (34% of studies), followed by ASES Score (21%), MEPS (21%), and DASH Score (20%). There was a significant increase in PROM usage over time (p = 0.016) and in articles using three or more PROMs (p = 0.005). The number of PROMs were significantly greater in prospective cohort studies and RCTs (p = 0.012) compared to retrospective cohort studies and case series (p = 0.044 for both). Post-treatment shoulder motion was reported in 43% of studies and 34% reported elbow motion. 86% of studies reported complications as an outcome parameter. Time to union and nonunion rate were published in 69% and 88% of studies, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study identified increasing PROM usage over time and disparities in the reporting of outcomes in humeral shaft fracture literature requiring further validation and standardization of available outcome measures.
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OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to establish radiographic features and characteristics of patient injury in cases of femoral shaft fractures that predict the presence of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures (IFNFs). METHODS: Patient data was retrospectively assessed from a single level I trauma center through the electronic health record using (Current Procedural Terminology) CPT codes for both isolated and combined ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures. Demographic information, injury characteristics, and independently reviewed radiographic features were collected and compared against the same information from a group of isolated femoral shaft fractures. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for concomitant IFNFs and their respective odds ratios. A probability algorithm for assessing ipsilateral femoral neck fractures based on independent multivariate predictors was constructed and used. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients with either isolated femoral shaft fractures or combined femoral shaft and IFNF (n = 33) met inclusion criteria and were identified for this study. Fracture displacement was most strongly associated with increased risk of combined injury with an aOR of 25.64 (95 %CI = 5.96-110.28) for every 100 % displacement. Motorcycle crash (MCC) was the mechanism associated with the highest risk of combined injury, with an aOR of 9.85 (95 % CI = 1.99-48.74). Combined injury was also correlated with lower Winquist score and presentation with a closed fracture, with aORs of 0.38 (95 %CI = 0.21 - 0.68) and 11.61 (95 %CI = 1.93-69.94), respectively. Presence of at least 3 of the statistically significant variables produced a positive predictive value (PPV) of ≥ 89 % for combined femoral shaft and IFNF. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of combined femoral shaft and IFNF is of critical importance when caring for orthopedic trauma patients. While diagnosis remains a challenging task, MCC mechanism, >100 % fracture displacement, and lower Winquist classification were found to be associated with combined injuries. The combination of these variables might assist in predicting the probability of combined injury and potentially guide decision making on the appropriateness of obtaining single sequence MRI or implementing prophylactic femoral neck fixation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures , Femoral Neck Fractures , Trauma Centers , Humans , Male , Femoral Neck Fractures/classification , Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery , Femoral Neck Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Female , Retrospective Studies , Middle Aged , Adult , Femoral Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Femoral Fractures/classification , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Radiography , Risk Factors , Predictive Value of Tests , Multiple Trauma/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The use of a distal tibial allograft (DTA) for reconstruction of a glenoid defect in anterior shoulder instability has grown significantly over the past decade. However, few large-scale clinical studies have investigated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the DTA procedure. PURPOSE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies with data on outcomes and complications in patients who underwent the DTA procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A comprehensive search of major bibliographic databases was conducted for articles pertaining to the use of a DTA for the management of anterior shoulder instability with associated glenoid bone loss. Postoperative complications and outcomes were extracted and compiled in a meta-analysis. RESULTS: Of the 8 included studies with 329 total participants, the mean patient age was 28.1 ± 10.8 years, 192 (83.8%) patients were male, and the mean follow-up was 38.4 ± 20.5 months. The overall complication rate was 7.1%, with hardware complications (3.8%) being the most common. Partial graft resorption was observed in 36.5% of the participants. Recurrent subluxation was reported in 1.2% of the participants, and recurrent dislocation prompting a reoperation was noted in 0.3% of the participants. There were significant improvements in clinical outcomes, including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (40.9-point increase; P < .01), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (47.2-point increase; P < .01), Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (49.4-point decrease; P < .01), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (20.0-point decrease; P = .03), and visual analog scale (2.1-point decrease; P = .05). Additionally, postoperative shoulder range of motion significantly increased from baseline values. CONCLUSION: The DTA procedure was associated with a low complication rate, good clinical outcomes, and improved range of motion among patients with anterior shoulder instability and associated glenoid defects.
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BACKGROUND: There is a lack of consensus in the use of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) vs primary arthrodesis (PA) in the management of Lisfranc injuries. Statistical fragility represents the number of events needed to flip statistical significance and provides context to interpret P values of outcomes from conflicting studies. The current study evaluates the statistical fragility of existing research with an outcome-specific approach to provide statistical clarity to the ORIF vs PA discussion. We hypothesized that statistical fragility analysis would offer clinically relevant insight when interpreting conflicting outcomes regarding ORIF vs PA management of Lisfranc injuries. METHODS: All comparative studies, RCTs, and case-series investigating ORIF vs PA management of Lisfranc injuries published through October 5, 2023, were identified. Descriptive characteristics, dichotomous outcomes, and continuous outcomes were extracted. Fragility index and continuous fragility index were calculated by the number of event reversals needed to alter significance. Outcomes were categorized by clinical relevance, and median FI and CFI were reported. RESULTS: A total of 244 studies were screened. Ten studies and 67 outcomes (44 dichotomous, 23 continuous) were included in the fragility analysis. Of the 10 studies, 4 studies claimed PA to correlate with superior outcomes compared to ORIF with regard to functional scores and return to function outcomes. Of these 4 studies, 3 were statistically robust. Six studies claimed PA and ORIF to have no differences in outcomes, in which only 2 studies were statistically robust. CONCLUSION: The overall research regarding ORIF vs PA is relatively robust compared with other orthopaedic areas of controversy. Although the full statistical context of each article must be considered, studies supporting PA superiority with regard to functional scores and return to function metrics were found to be statistically robust. Outcome-specific analysis revealed moderate fragility in several clinically relevant outcomes such as functional score, return to function, and wound complications.
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PURPOSE: To examine the available literature to better understand the objective and patient-reported outcomes using peroneus longus tendon (PLT) autograft compared with more commonly used autografts, such as the quadrupled hamstring tendons (HT), in patients undergoing primary for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS: A comprehensive search of published literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and EMBASE databases was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria included patients undergoing ACLR with PLT autograft, inclusion of patient-recorded outcome measures, and availability in English language. Publications that included only biomechanical analysis or ACLR with use of allograft or combination grafts were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies (Level of Evidence range: I-IV) met inclusion criteria, with follow-up ranging from 3 months to 5 years. In the available case series, patient-reported outcomes ranged from Lysholm = 80.7 to 95.1, International Knee Documentation Committee 78.1 to 95.7. In prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials, PLT performance was comparable with HT autografts (PLT/HT: Lysholm = 88.3-95.1/86.5-94.9, International Knee Documentation Committee = 78.2-92.5/87.4-93.4). The majority of PLT grafts diameters were equal or greater than HT counterparts with a mean of >8 mm (PLT/HT: 7.0-9.0 mm/7.65-8.5 mm). There was minimal donor-site morbidity associated with PLT harvest. CONCLUSIONS: Although limitations exist within the available literature, existing evidence suggests that PLT autograft routinely produces adequately sized grafts with comparable early outcomes to HT autograft and low risk of donor-site morbidity. However, the PLT autograft is yet to demonstrate superiority to any of the more-traditional autograft selections. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level I-IV studies.
Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Hamstring Tendons , Humans , Autografts , Prospective Studies , Tendons/surgery , Knee Joint/surgery , Transplantation, Autologous , Hamstring Tendons/transplantation , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Collegiate baseball players with professional aspirations often participate in summer leagues; foremost among them is the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL). Injuries acquired during the collegiate baseball season can be carried into the CCBL season and vice versa. OBJECTIVE: To assess the history of throwing arm injury and current functionality in midseason CCBL players. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Online questionnaire. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 123 CCBL players participated. Qualifying athletes were ≥18 years old and were rostered CCBL players with remaining collegiate eligibility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): After collecting background information, we used the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow questionnaire to assess the history of throwing arm injury and current functionality. The maximum KJOC score is 100.0; higher scores correspond with greater functionality. RESULTS: The mean KJOC score was 86.6 ± 14.5 (n = 92); 24.5% (23/94) of players reported a prior diagnosis of throwing arm injury other than a strain or sprain. A total of 49 (49/96, 51.0%) players had undergone rehabilitation for a throwing arm injury, and 7 (7/96, 7.3%) had experienced a medical procedure. Players with no previous treatment (n = 41, mean KJOC score = 88.9 ± 19.0) more frequently demonstrated KJOC scores of ≥90 than players with such treatment (n = 55, 80.9 ± 17.1; P < .001). The 18 players with time-loss arm injury in the last year had lower mean KJOC scores (71.3 ± 20.0) than players with no injury or time loss (90.3 ± 9.8; P < .001). Similarly, players who reported current arm trouble (n = 15) had lower KJOC scores (71.6 ± 17.5) than players with healthy arms (89.5 ± 11.9; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The average KJOC score of the CCBL players was <90, with particularly low scores in athletes with prior arm injury and treatment.
Subject(s)
Arm Injuries , Baseball , Orthopedics , Adolescent , Humans , Arm , Arm Injuries/diagnosis , Baseball/injuries , Cross-Sectional Studies , Seasons , Young Adult , AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: As high rates of vitamin D deficiency have been demonstrated in orthopedic patient cohorts, this study aimed to characterize the association between a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D and primary rotator cuff tear (RCT), primary rotator cuff repair (RCR), and postoperative complications in different sex and age cohorts. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study using PearlDiver, a nationwide administrative claims database, records for all patients aged 30 to 89 yr who received a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D between January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018, were queried. Rates of primary RCT, primary RCR, and postoperative complications including subsequent surgery were calculated within sex- and age-specific cohorts and compared with matched control cohorts using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 336,320 patients included in the hypovitaminosis D cohort, these patients were significantly more likely to experience an RCT (odds ratio (OR), 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.55-2.85) as well as a full-thickness RCT (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.17-2.56) specifically within 2 yr of their diagnosis. Women with hypovitaminosis D were more likely to undergo surgery to address their full-thickness tears (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.74). There was no difference in the rates of revision RCR or irrigation and debridement. However, women with hypovitaminosis D were significantly more likely to undergo manipulation under anesthesia (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.31). CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with hypovitaminosis D were significantly more likely to suffer from a primary RCT and to undergo manipulation under anesthesia within a year of their RCR. Although many risk factors for RCT are unmodifiable, vitamin D deficiency is a readily modifiable risk factor with several treatment regimens demonstrating positive effects on musculoskeletal health.
Subject(s)
Rotator Cuff Injuries , Vitamin D Deficiency , Female , Humans , Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery , Rotator Cuff Injuries/complications , Arthroscopy/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D has been proven experimentally to affect musculoskeletal health. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and patellar instability. HYPOTHESIS: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of experiencing primary patellar instability and recurrent patellar dislocation after primary surgical stabilization. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: A 1:1 matched retrospective study of 328,011 patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency was performed using the PearlDiver database. Incidence of primary patellar instability was calculated according to sex and age. Rates of primary patellar instability and surgical stabilization for recurrent dislocation were calculated with sex- and age-specific stratifications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the rates of primary injury and recurrent stabilization while controlling for demographics and medical comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 656,022 patients were analyzed. The overall 1-year incidence rate of patellar instability in patients with vitamin D deficiency was 82.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 73.2-92.9), compared with 48.5 (95% CI, 41.4-56.5) in the matched control. Women were significantly more likely to experience primary patellar instability within 1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.88) and 2 years (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.59) of hypovitaminosis D diagnosis. Patients aged 10 to 25 years with hypovitaminosis D were at greater risk of requiring recurrent patellar stabilization for both men (aOR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.06-5.80) and women (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.04-3.02). CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency experienced higher rates of primary patellar instability and have greater risk of requiring recurrent surgical stabilization for subsequent dislocations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results suggest that monitoring and proactively treating vitamin D deficiency in the physically active patient may lower the risk of suffering primary patellar instability or recurrence after surgical stabilization.
Subject(s)
Joint Dislocations , Joint Instability , Patellar Dislocation , Patellofemoral Joint , Vitamin D Deficiency , Male , Humans , Female , Retrospective Studies , Patellar Dislocation/epidemiology , Joint Instability/epidemiology , Joint Instability/surgery , Recurrence , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiologyABSTRACT
People with a diagnosis of schizophrenia often have poor sleep, even when their psychotic symptoms are relatively well managed. This includes insomnia, sleep apnoea, hypersomnia, and irregular or non-24 h sleep-wake timing. Improving sleep would better support recovery, yet few evidence-based sleep treatments are offered to this group. This paper presents a mixed methods feasibility and acceptability study of Light-Dark and Activity Rhythm Therapy (L-DART). L-DART is delivered by an occupational therapist over 12 weeks. It is highly personalisable to sleep phenotypes and circumstances. Ten participants with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses and sleep problems received L-DART; their sleep problems and therapy goals were diverse. We measured recruitment, attrition, session attendance, and adverse effects, and qualitatively explored acceptability, engagement, component delivery, adherence, activity patterns, dynamic light exposure, self-reported sleep, wellbeing, and functioning. Recruitment was ahead of target, there was no attrition, and all participants received the minimum 'dose' of sessions. Acceptability assessed via qualitative reports and satisfaction ratings was good. Adherence to individual intervention components varied, despite high participant motivation. All made some potentially helpful behaviour changes. Positive sleep and functioning outcomes were reported qualitatively as well as in outcome measures. The findings above support testing the intervention in a larger randomised trial ISRCTN11998005.
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Background: Utilization of an emergency department (ED) visit for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is associated with high cost and diagnostic unreliability. Hypothesis: Patients initially evaluated at an ED for an ACL injury would be more likely to be from a lower income quartile, use public insurance, and experience a delay in treatment. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients in the Rhode Island All Payers Claims Database who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) between 2012 and 2021 were identified using the Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) code 29888. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts based on CPT codes for ED or in-office services within 1 year of ACLR. A chi-square analysis was used to test for differences between cohorts in patient and surgical characteristics. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to determine how ED evaluation affected timing and outcome variables. Results: While adjusting for patient and operative characteristics, patients in the ED cohort were more likely to have Medicaid (29% vs 12.5%; P < .001) and be in the lowest income quartile (44.6% vs 32.1%; P < .001). ED visit and Medicaid status were associated with increased time to (1) diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging, adding 7.97 days on average (95% CI, 4.14-11.79 days; P < .001) and 8.40 days (95% CI, 3.44-13.37 days; P = .001), respectively; and (2) surgery, adding 20.30 days (95% CI, 14.10-26.49 days; P < .001) and 12.88 days (95% CI, 5.15-20.60 days; P = .001), respectively. Patients >40 years who were evaluated in the ED were 2.5 times more likely to require subsequent ACLR (odds ratio, 2.50 [95% CI, 1.01-6.21]; P = .049). Conclusion: In this study, patients who visited the ED within 1 year before ACLR were more likely to have a lower income, public insurance, increased time to diagnostic imaging, and increased time to surgery, as well as decreased postoperative physical therapy use and increased subsequent ACLR rates in the 40-49 years age-group.
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Surgical simulation has become a commonly utilized and well-researched training adjunct in nearly all surgical specialties. Balancing high-quality orthopaedic surgical training in the face of work hour restrictions and efficiency pressures has become a challenge to educators and trainees alike. Surgical simulation is an opportunity to enhance such training and potentially permit trainees to be better equipped for the operating room. In orthopaedics, various low-fidelity, high-fidelity, and virtual reality simulation platforms are readily available to almost all trainees and permit simulation of a wide array of arthroscopic surgeries. In this review, we seek to highlight the potential utility of simulation-based training in orthopaedic surgery, the various types of available simulators, and review the evidence for simulator use.
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Background: Guidelines regarding injury prevention in fast-pitch softball pitchers have yet to be widely adopted, risking the online dissemination of misleading advice. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess the source and medical advisability of online pitching recommendations for youth softball players and highlight the risk of misinformation. It was hypothesized that many popular websites would contain content discordant with current medical guidelines regarding windmill softball pitching recommendations. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A Google search using the phrase "youth softball pitching recommendations" was performed. Up to 100 websites were extracted and analyzed for website source type (commercial, medical/educational, or athletic organization) and informational quality (advisable, neutral, or discordant). The latter was determined with respect to the STOP Sports Injuries guidelines for arm injury prevention in youth softball players. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess potential associations between website source type and the informational quality of content therein. Results: A total of 86 websites were included in the analysis. Website source type was significantly predictive of informational quality (P = .018). Among the 3 source types, medical/educational websites had the highest proportion classified as advisable (12/24 [50.0%]) and the lowest proportion classified as discordant (3/24 [12.5%]). Only 17.6% (6/34) of commercial websites were advisable, and advisable websites as a whole were more likely to be from medical/educational sources than athletic organization (P = .016) or commercial (P = .026) sources. The advisability rate among all websites was 25.6% (22/86). Although there was a significant association between position in the search results (first 10 vs remaining 76) and website source type (P = .006), there was no association between position and informational quality (P = .116). The first 10 websites, which trended toward greater advisability than the remaining 76 websites (P = .060), were more likely than the remaining websites to be medical/educational sources (P = .002). Conclusion: Website source type was significantly predictive of medical advisability. Medical/educational websites were the most advisable, while commercial and athletic organization websites were especially poor in their advisability. The overall advisability rate was only 25.6%. When making recommendations to patients, sports medicine providers should highlight the prevalence of discordant online softball pitching guidelines and take the opportunity to share medically advisable resources.
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OBJECTIVE: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a restorative surgical option for large, full-thickness chondral or osteochondral defects in the knee. Variability in outcomes reporting has led to a broad range of graft survival rates. Using rate of salvage surgery following OCA as a failure metric, the purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and risk factors for failure in a nationwide cohort. DESIGN: The M151Ortho PearlDiver database was queried for patients aged 20 to 59 who underwent primary OCA between 2010 and 2020. Patients with prior cartilage procedures or arthroplasty were excluded. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to characterize cumulative rate of salvage surgery, defined as any patient subsequently undergoing revision OCA, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the effect of several variables on odds of salvage surgery. RESULTS: Around 6,391 patients met inclusion criteria. Cumulative 5-year salvage rate was 1.71%, with 68.8% in the first 2 years. Age 20 to 29 and concomitant or prior bony realignment procedures were associated with significantly decreased rate of salvage surgery (age-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.99, P = 0.046; realignment-aOR = 0.24, 95% CI, 0.04-0.75, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: In the largest OCA cohort studied to date, less than 2% of patients required salvage surgery. Young age and bony realignment were protective. These findings suggest that OCA in the knee is a durable cartilage-restoration procedure, especially in young patients with corrected alignment.
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Bone Transplantation , Knee Joint , Humans , Follow-Up Studies , Bone Transplantation/methods , Reoperation , Knee Joint/surgery , Allografts/surgeryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To characterize the association between a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D and primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and revision ACLR in different sex and age cohorts. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study of the PearlDiver claims database, records were queried between January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018 for all patients aged 10 to 59 years who received a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D. Rates of primary ACL tears, primary reconstruction, and revision reconstruction were calculated for sex- and age-specific cohorts and compared with a control of patients without a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D. Incidence rates for primary ACL injuries were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was used to compare rates of ACL injury, primary reconstruction, and revision reconstruction while controlling for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and several other comorbidities. RESULTS: Among the 328,011 patients (mean age 41.9 ± 12.6 years, 65.8% female) included in both the hypovitaminosis D and control cohorts, the incidence of ACL tears was 115.2 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 107.2-123.7) compared with 61.0 (95% CI 55.2-67.2) in the demographic- and comorbidity-matched control cohort. The study cohort was significantly more likely to suffer an ACL tear over a 1- (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.41-1.99, P < .001) and 2-year (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.59-2.06, P < .001) period. This trend remained for both male patients at the 1- (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.29-2.14, P < .001) and 2-year (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.37-2.06, P < .001) mark and female patients at the 1- (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.33-2.14, P < .001) and 2-year (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.51-2.14, P < .001) mark. Finally, patients with vitamin D deficiency had a significantly increased likelihood of undergoing a revision ACLR within 2 years of a primary reconstruction (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.55, P = .012). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports an association between patients previously diagnosed with hypovitaminosis D and significantly increased rates of both index ACL tears (81% increase within 2 years of diagnosis) and revision ACLR (28% within 2 years). These results identify a population with increased odds of injury and provide valuable knowledge as we expand our understanding of the relationship between vitamin D and musculoskeletal health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective database study.
Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Vitamin D Deficiency , Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/epidemiology , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Vitamin DABSTRACT
Background: Posterior shoulder instability is being identified and treated more frequently by orthopaedic providers. After posterior shoulder stabilization, long-term outcomes in function and mobility are largely dependent on the postoperative rehabilitation period. Thus, it is important to assess the consistency between protocols at different institutions. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability among rehabilitation protocols published by academic orthopaedic programs and their affiliates. It was hypothesized that there would be little consistency in the duration of immobilization, timing of functional milestones, and start dates of various exercises. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Rehabilitation protocols after posterior shoulder stabilization that were published online from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopaedic surgery programs and their affiliates were evaluated for recommendations on immobilization, exercises, activities, range of motion (ROM), and return-to-sport goals. Results: Of the 204 ACGME-accredited orthopaedic surgery programs, 22 programs and 17 program affiliates had publicly available rehabilitation protocols that were included for review. There were 37 programs (94.9%) that recommended the use of sling immobilization for a mean of 4.7 ± 1.8 weeks postoperatively. Active ROM of the elbow, wrist, and hand was the most common early ROM exercise to be recommended (36 programs; 92.3%). The goal of 90° passive external rotation demonstrated the widest range of recommended start dates (0-12 weeks postoperatively). Late ROM exercises and start dates varied between protocols, with the largest standard deviation found in achieving full active ROM (13.5 ± 3.6 weeks). Resistance exercises showed a wide range of recommended start dates. Bench presses and push-ups began, on average, at 13.1 ± 3.4 and 15.3 ± 3.2 weeks, respectively. Return to sport was recommended at 21.7 ± 3.6 weeks. Conclusion: There was a high level of variability in postoperative rehabilitation protocols after posterior shoulder stabilization among orthopaedic programs and their affiliates, suggesting that a standard protocol for rehabilitation has yet to be established.
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The extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) is primarily responsible for extension and ulnar deviation at the wrist. Secondary to repetitive loading of, or acute trauma to the flexed, supinated and ulnarly deviated wrist, the ECU tendon can be a common source of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Common pathology includes ECU tendinopathy, tenosynovitis, tendon instability, and tendon rupture. Extensor carpi ulnaris pathology commonly occurs in athletes and patients with inflammatory arthritis. Given the multitude of available methods to treat ECU tendon pathology, the aim of our study was to outline operative management of ECU tendon pathology, with emphasis on reviewing techniques for addressing ECU instability. We acknowledge a continuing debate between anatomical and nonanatomical techniques for ECU subsheath reconstruction. However, use of a portion of the extensor retinaculum for nonanatomical reconstruction is commonly used and demonstrates successful outcomes. Future comparative studies on ECU fixation are required to increase data on patient outcomes, to further define and standardize these techniques.
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BACKGROUND: Automated virtual reality therapies are being developed to increase access to psychological interventions. We assessed the experience with one such therapy of patients diagnosed with psychosis, including satisfaction, side effects, and positive experiences of access to the technology. We tested whether side effects affected therapy. METHODS: In a clinical trial 122 patients diagnosed with psychosis completed baseline measures of psychiatric symptoms, received gameChange VR therapy, and then completed a satisfaction questionnaire, the Oxford-VR Side Effects Checklist, and outcome measures. RESULTS: 79 (65.8%) patients were very satisfied with VR therapy, 37 (30.8%) were mostly satisfied, 3 (2.5%) were indifferent/mildly dissatisfied, and 1 (0.8%) person was quite dissatisfied. The most common side effects were: difficulties concentrating because of thinking about what might be happening in the room (n = 17, 14.2%); lasting headache (n = 10, 8.3%); and the headset causing feelings of panic (n = 9, 7.4%). Side effects formed three factors: difficulties concentrating when wearing a headset, feelings of panic using VR, and worries following VR. The occurrence of side effects was not associated with number of VR sessions, therapy outcomes, or psychiatric symptoms. Difficulties concentrating in VR were associated with slightly lower satisfaction. VR therapy provision and engagement made patients feel: proud (n = 99, 81.8%); valued (n = 97, 80.2%); and optimistic (n = 96, 79.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with psychosis were generally very positive towards the VR therapy, valued having the opportunity to try the technology, and experienced few adverse effects. Side effects did not significantly impact VR therapy. Patient experience of VR is likely to facilitate widespread adoption.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders , Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy , Virtual Reality , Humans , Anxiety , Patient Satisfaction , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Psychotic Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Posterior glenohumeral instability is an increasingly common and challenging orthopaedic problem. While an arthroscopic soft tissue stabilization procedure (i.e., reverse Bankart repair) is effective in treating most cases of posterior instability, this procedure may be inadequate in shoulders with critical posterior glenoid bone loss (GBL), or in cases of an engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesion. Thus, the purpose of the present manuscript was to report contemporary surgical approaches, techniques, and outcomes for the open treatment of glenoid or humeral head bone loss in posterior instability to help guide clinical decision making. Open osteoarticular augmentation procedures have emerged as a popular option to treat posterior bone loss, with bony auto- and allografts utilized from a variety of donor sites including iliac crest, scapular spine, acromion, distal clavicle, and distal tibia. The combination of glenoid retroversion and bone loss can be addressed with a posterior glenoid opening wedge osteotomy. Bipolar bone loss may be treated with a combination of the aforementioned techniques, in addition to a reverse remplissage, a modified McLaughlin procedure, or various arthroplasty-related options. Although short and mid-term outcomes are dependable, studies reporting long-term outcomes are sparse. Moreover, there is no current consensus regarding the most effective treatment of posterior shoulder instability in the setting of bone loss, and open surgical techniques continue to evolve. Further research is necessary to determine long-term effectiveness of these surgical options.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Preventing psychotic disorders and effective treatment in first-episode psychosis are key priorities for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. This review assessed the evidence base for the cost-effectiveness of health and social care interventions for people at risk of psychosis and for first-episode psychosis. METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted using the PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify relevant published full economic evaluations published before August 2020. Full-text English-language studies reporting a full economic evaluation of a health or social care intervention aiming to reduce or prevent symptoms in people at risk of psychosis or experiencing first-episode psychosis were included. Screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal were performed using pre-specified criteria and forms based on the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED) handbook and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist for economic evaluations. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42018108226). Results were summarised qualitatively. RESULTS: Searching identified 1,628 citations (1,326 following the removal of duplications). After two stages of screening 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Interventions were varied and included multidisciplinary care, antipsychotic medication, psychological therapy, and assertive outreach. Evidence was limited in the at-risk group with only four identified studies, though all interventions were found to be cost-effective with a high probability (> 80%). A more substantial evidence base was identified for first-episode psychosis (11 studies), with a focus on early intervention (7/11 studies) which again had positive conclusions though with greater uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: Study findings generally concluded interventions were cost-effective. The evidence for the population who are at-risk of psychosis was limited, and though there were more studies for the population with first-episode psychosis, limitations of the evidence base (including generalisability and heterogeneity across the methods used) affect the certainty of conclusions.