ABSTRACT
Los epónimos vienen siendo utilizados desde hace siglos. Su uso habitual constituye una de las características del lenguaje de las ciencias médicas y está extendido a todas las especialidades, formando parte de su cultura y de la historia de la Medicina. Se abordan los epónimos en el campo de varias especialidades médicas, así como el debate científico a favor y en contra de su uso, considerando que no son pocas las voces que apoyan su erradicación total; esto es algo que todavía resulta difícil pensar, ya que se cree que los epónimos aportan más de lo que podrían ofrecer otros recursos lingüísticos. Se reconoce la existencia de epónimos cubanos, que no se han estudiado lo suficiente (AU).
Eponyms have been used during centuries. Their common use is one of the characteristics of the medical sciences language, reaches all the specialties, and is part of the Medicine culture and history. The use of eponyms in the field of several medical specialties is approached and also the scientific dispute in favor or against their use, taking into consideration that no few voices back their total eradication; it is still something difficult to understand because it is believed that eponyms are more fruitful than what is offered by other linguistic resources. The existence of Cuban eponyms that are still not sufficiently studied is recognized (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Eponyms , Medicine/trends , Review Literature as Topic , Unified Medical Language System/standards , Unified Medical Language System/trends , Terminology , History of Medicine , Medicine/methods , Medicine/standardsABSTRACT
Son muchas las definiciones de familia desde algunas clásicas como que es "la célula o núcleo básico de la sociedad, la institución social primaria, un subsistema social o una relación social", hasta otras más complejas que, la consideran un grupo de personas relacionadas entre sí y que viven juntas. La familia es el grupo de intermediación entre el individuo, la comunidad y la sociedad. Es la familia, a pesar de las grandes transformaciones del mundo contemporáneo, hábitat natural del ser humano. En el presente siglo XXI, la familia se diversifica estructuralmente y una de las variantes de familia nuclear, puede ser las homoparentales, las cuales, están formadas por padres con orientación sexual homosexual; y si bien no se trata de un fenómeno nuevo, es en la actualidad donde se vive una intensa aceleración a partir del reconocimiento legal del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en muchas naciones. Las familias homoparentales están capacitadas para educar y criar satisfactoriamente a sus hijos e hijas. La orientación sexual de los progenitores, no es un indicador que sirva para evaluar la función educadora de los padres y madres. Padres e hijos de las familias homoparentales, deben apropiarse de elementos resilientes, que les permitan crecerse, ante cualquier manifestación social, potencialmente negativa hacia ellos (AU).
There are many definitions of a family, from some classic ones like that saying that it is ". the basic cell or nucleus of the society, the primary social institution, a social sub-system and a social relation", to others, more complexes, considering it a group of inter-related persons living together. The family is the intermediary group between the individual, community and society. It is, despite the great transformation of the contemporary world, the natural habitat of the human being. In the current century, the family gets structurally diverse, and one of the variants of the nuclear family may be the homoparental one, that is formed by parents with homosexual sexual orientation. Although it is not a new phenomenon, it is nowadays when it is having an intense acceleration beginning from the legal recognition of the marriage between persons of the same sex in many nations. Homoparental families are able to educate and grow their children up satisfactorily. Parents´ sexual orientation is not an indicator useful to assess the educative function of the parents. Parents and children of homoparental families should incorporate resilient elements allowing affronting any potentially negative social manifestation against them (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Family/ethnology , Homosexuality/ethnology , Homosexuality/psychology , Heterosexuality/ethnology , Family Relations/ethnology , Family Relations/psychologyABSTRACT
Breast cancer stem cells are defined as cancer cells with self-renewal capacity. These cells represent a small subpopulation endowed with the ability to form new tumours when injected in nude mice. Markers of differentiation have been used to identify these cancer cells. In the case of breast cancer, CD44+/CD24- select a population with stem cell properties. The fact that these cells have self-renewal ability has suggested that this population could be responsible for new tumour formation and cancer relapse. These cells have been shown to be more resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy than normal cancer cells. The identification of the molecular druggable alterations responsible for the initiation and maintenance of cancer stem cells is an important goal. In this article we will review all these points with special emphasis on the possible role of new drugs designed to interact with molecular pathways of cancer stem cells.