ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on color expression and antioxidant activity of strawberry juice from the perspective of phenolic components. The results showed that both Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were able to grow in strawberry juice, promote the consumption of rutin, (+)-catechin and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, and increase the content of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid compared to group control. Lower pH environment in fermented juice was likely to enhance the color performance of anthocyanins and increase its parameters a* and b*, making the juice appear orange color. In addition, the scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were improved and closely related to polyphenolic substances and strain's metabolites in fermented juice.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various depths of anesthesia monitored using Narcotrend on cognitive function in elderly patients after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. METHODS: A total of 73 elderly patients who underwent VATS lobectomy were selected and divided into a control group (n=36) and an observation group (n=37) using a random number table. Both groups received general anesthesia. The Narcotrend index (NTI) of the control group was maintained at 50-59 and that of the observation group was maintained at 30-39. RESULTS: The heart period (HP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from both groups were decreased first, and then were increased during T1-T5; the MAP levels at T2, T3 , and T4 were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The propofol dosage was higher and the awake to extubation time was greater in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was lower in the observation group than in the control group at 6 h and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05). The left and right regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) at T3 -T4 was higher in the observation group and the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (CERO2) was lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The anesthetic depth that maintained an NTI of 30-39 as monitored using Narcotrend could improve cerebral oxygen metabolism, inhibit the inflammatory reaction, and reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients after VATS lobectomy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Norepinephrine infusion has been suggested as an effective method for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean delivery. However, optimal dosing regimens for norepinephrine have not been well established. This study aimed to determine the dose-response characteristics of a weight-adjusted fixed-rate infusion of norepinephrine to prevent hypotension during neuraxial anaesthesia for Caesarean delivery. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, 80 parturients having elective Caesarean delivery received a prophylactic norepinephrine infusion at 0.025 µg kg-1 min-1 (Group N1), 0.05 µg kg-1 min-1 (Group N2), 0.075 µg kg-1 min-1 (Group N3), or 0.10 µg kg-1 min-1 (Group N4), starting immediately after induction of combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. The primary outcome was non-occurrence of hypotension, defined as a decrease in systolic arterial pressure ≥20% below baseline value or to ≤90 mm Hg, before delivery. Values for 50% effective dose (ED50) and ED90 were calculated using probit regression. RESULTS: The incidence of hypotension was 11/20 (55%), 6/20 (30%), 2/20 (10%), and 1/20 (5%) in Groups N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively (P<0.0001). The ED50 and ED90 (95% confidence interval) of norepinephrine infusions for preventing hypotension were 0.029 (-0.002 to 0.043) and 0.080 (0.065-0.116) µg kg-1 min-1, respectively. The incidence of reactive hypertension increased with increasing norepinephrine dose (P=0.002). Other adverse effects were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, an infusion of norepinephrine 0.08 µg kg-1 min-1 was effective for preventing hypotension in 90% of patients. This information should provide a guide for initiating norepinephrine infusions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1900022322 at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx).