Detection of Multiple Human Viruses, including Mpox, Using a Wastewater Surveillance Approach in Brazil.

Sewage surveillance can be used as an effective complementary tool for detecting pathogens in local communities, providing insights into emerging threats and aiding in the monitoring of outbreaks. In this study using qPCR and whole genomic sewage surveillance, we detected the Mpox virus along with other viruses, in municipal and hospital wastewaters in Belo Horizonte, Brazil over a 9-month period (from July 2022 until March 2023). MPXV DNA detection rates varied in our study, with 19.6% (11 out of 56 samples) detected through the hybrid capture method of whole-genome sequencing and 20% (12 out of 60 samples) through qPCR. In hospital wastewaters, the detection rate was higher, at 40% (12 out of 30 samples) compared to 13.3% (4 out of 30 samples) in municipal wastewaters. This variation could be attributed to the relatively low number of MPXV cases reported in the city, which ranged from 106 to 341 cases during the study period, and the dilution effects, given that each of the two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) investigated serves approximately 1.1 million inhabitants. Additionally, nine other virus families were identified in both hospitals and municipal wastewaters, including Adenoviridade, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridade, Polyomaviridae, Coronaviridae (which includes SARS-CoV-2), Herspesviridae, Papillomaviridae and Flaviviridae (notably including Dengue). These findings underscore the potential of genomic sewage surveillance as a robust public health tool for monitoring a wide range of viruses circulating in both community and hospitals environments, including MPXV.

Leishmanicidal activity and 4D quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies of vanillin-containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives.

Aim: The assessment of the antileishmanial potential of 22 vanillin-containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives against Leishmania braziliensis is reported. Materials & methods: Initial screening was performed against the parasite promastigote form. The most active compound, 4b, targeted parasites within amastigotes (IC50 = 4.2 ± 1.0 µmol l-1), presenting low cytotoxicity and a selective index value of 39. 4D quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies provided insights into structure-activity and biological effects. Conclusion: A vanillin derivative with significant antileishmanial activity was identified. Enhanced activity was linked to increased electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions near the benzyl ring of the derivatives. Molecular docking indicated the inhibition of the Leishmania amazonensis sterol 14α-demethylase, using Leishmania infantum sterol 14α-demethylase as a model, without affecting the human isoform. Inhibition was active site competition with lanosterol.

Synergistic effects of climate and landscape change on the conservation of Amazonian lizards.

The leading causes of the worldwide decline in biodiversity are global warming, allied with natural habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we propose an analysis of the synergistic effects of these two factors in 63 species of Amazonian lizards. We predicted that the high-climatic suitability areas of species would be significantly impacted by different deforestation scenarios and the resultant landscape structure and considered that forest-dwelling species would be especially susceptible to deforestation scenarios. We also pointed out species threatened by both drivers and suggested critical areas for their future conservation. According to our results, most species will face future reductions in suitable areas for their occurrence according to five different patterns, two of which represent significant risks for 15 species. Some of these species already deal with severe habitat loss and fragmentation of their current distribution ranges, whereas others will suffer a considerable area reduction related to future range shifts. We emphasize the importance of protected areas (PAs), especially indigenous lands, and the need to plan combined strategies involving PAs' maintenance and possible implementation of ecological corridors. Finally, we highlight eight species of thermoconformer lizards that constitute present and future conservation concerns related to the combined effects of climate change and habitat loss and that should be carefully evaluated in extinction risk assessments.

Endogenous galectin-3 is required for skeletal muscle repair.

Skeletal muscle has the intrinsic ability to self-repair through a multifactorial process, but many aspects of its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. There is increasing evidence that some members of the mammalian ß-galactoside-binding protein family (galectins) are involved in the muscular repair process (MRP), including galectin-3 (Gal-3). However, there are many questions about the role of this protein on muscle self-repair. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Gal-3 is required for: (i) muscle repair in vivo by using a chloride-barium myolesion mouse model and (ii) mouse primary myoblasts myogenic programming. Injured muscle from Gal-3 knockout mice (GAL3KO) showed persistent inflammation associated with compromised muscle repair and the formation of fibrotic tissue on the lesion site. In GAL3KO mice, osteopontin expression remained high even after 7 and 14 d of the myolesion, while Myoblast differentiation transcription factor (MyoD) and myogenin had decreased their expression. In GAL3KO mouse primary myoblast cell culture, Paired Box 7 (Pax7) detection seems to sustain even when cells are stimulated to differentiation and MyoD expression is drastically reduced. The detection and temporal expression levels of these transcriptional factors appear to be altered in Gal-3-deficient myoblast. Gal-3 expression in wild-type mice for GAL3KO states, both in vivo and in vitro, in sarcoplasm/cytoplasm and myonuclei; as differentiation proceeds, Gal-3 expression is drastically reduced, and its location is confined to the sarcolemma/plasma cell membrane. We also observed a change in the temporal-spatial profile of Gal-3 expression and muscle transcription factors levels during the myolesion. Overall, these results demonstrate that endogenous Gal-3 is required for the skeletal muscle repair process.

Effect of glucocorticoids on glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue: A systematic review.

Glyceroneogenesis is important for the maintenance of fat content in white adipose tissue (WAT). An increase in WAT, and especially the pattern of fat distribution, specifically in visceral depots, potentially contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and hypertension. Recent studies have shown important differences in glyceroneogenesis of different fat sites under the administration of glucocorticoids (GCs). Such differences need to be analysed with criteria evidencing the parameter studied, the type of corticoid, the form of administration and also the tissue studied. PubMed, Scopus and Virtual Health Library were used to search for articles that analysed the effect of GCs on glyceroneogenesis in different sites of adipose tissue in mammals and primary cultures. GCs decrease the glyceroneogenesis in epididymal WAT (EWAT) and also decrease the expression of the mRNA, content and activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), key enzyme of glyceroneogenesis. However, in retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT), although there is no consensus about the effect of GCs on PEPCK mRNA, GCs increase PEPCK-C activity and glyceroneogenesis flux. In inguinal WAT (IWAT) an in vitro study showed an increase in the PEPCK mRNA induced by dexamethasone. However, prednisolone does not change glyceroneogenesis flux. In interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) prednisolone or dexamethasone does not change PEPCK-C activity in control diet-fed rats but led to a decrease in PEPCK-C activity in fasted- or high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet-fed rats, as well as in suckling rats. Despite that fact that GCs have different potencies, the same dose of dexamethasone reduces PEPCK-C activity in EWAT, but not in RWAT and IBAT from control-diet fed rats. In summary, the data presented in this article show that GCs differentially regulate glyceroneogenesis in different sites of adipose tissue. Further experiments are needed to firmly establish our hypothesis and clarify the mechanisms involved.

Problem-Based Learning in a Medical School: Implementations Challenges / Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas em um Curso de Medicina: Desafios na sua Implementação

Abstract: Introduction: Considering an integrated curriculum that is guided by dialogical competence according to the National Curriculum Guidelines, the Systematized Educational Unit (UES) and the Professional Practice Unit (UPP) constitutes the curriculum of a medical course in a municipality in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is used in the UES and the problematization is used in the Professional Practice Unit as teaching methodologies, seeking an organization that leads to a training that is coherent with the public health sector and the national education scenario. The UES is the focus of this study because we observed that there are divergences among teachers regarding their role as tutors. Thus, we observed that the teaching methodology currently employed at Famema led us to some questions: Do the teachers consider themselves qualified to work with the PBL method? How do evaluations contribute to the teaching-learning process? Thus, this study aimed to analyze the teachers' understanding of their ability to work with the PBL and the relevance of evaluations for the teaching-learning process in the UES. Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview with teachers who work with the 1st to 4th years in the UES of the medical course, and the selection of the participants was carried out from a non-probabilistic sample of intention, totaling 16 teachers, including four teachers of each of the first four years of the course. The analysis of the data was performed by Content Analysis in the thematic modality, which allowed the definition of two thematic axes: Challenges for teacher training and Potentials and limits of the implemented evaluation process. Results: The trajectory of the PBL in the teaching-learning process from the point of view of teachers showed us a variety of understandings. As for teacher training, weaknesses were identified in the development of the tutoring process, and that the strategies used for training need to be reviewed regarding their implementation and the inclusion of the professionals into the process. Regarding the evaluation, it was observed that the teachers demonstrate difficulties in carrying out an evaluation of the students while integrating the affective, cognitive and psychomotor dimensions. Conclusion: Therefore, regardless the time of the curriculum implementation, Permanent Education should constitute a powerful space for teacher training and process management.

Resumo: Introdução: Considerando um currículo integrado e orientado por competência dialógica de acordo com o exposto nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, a Unidade Educacional Sistematizada (UES) e a Unidade de Prática Profissional (UPP) compõem o currículo de um curso de Medicina de um município do interior paulista. Utilizam-se a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) na UES e a problematização na UPP como metodologias de ensino, com o objetivo de buscar uma organização que conduza a uma formação coerente com o setor de saúde pública e o cenário de educação nacional. A UES é o foco deste estudo, pois notamos que há divergências entre os docentes sobre o papel do tutor. Com base nisso, a metodologia de ensino vigente na Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema) nos levou aos seguintes questionamentos: "O professor se considera capacitado para atuar no método ABP?" e "De que forma as avaliações contribuem com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem?". Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a compreensão do docente acerca de sua capacitação para atuar na ABP e da pertinência das avaliações no processo ensino-aprendizagem na UES. Método: Trata-se de estudo do tipo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem de natureza qualitativa. A coleta de dados se deu pela realização de entrevista semiestruturada com professores que desenvolvem atividades na UES do primeiro ao quarto ano do curso de Medicina, selecionaram-se os participantes a partir de uma amostra não probabilística de intenção, totalizando 16 professores, sendo quatro de cada um dos quatro primeiros anos do curso.No exame dos dados, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática que permitiu a definição de dois eixos temáticos: desafios para a formação docente e potencialidades e limites do processo de avaliação instituído. Resultados: A trajetória da ABP no processo de ensino-aprendizagem sob a ótica dos docentes nos mostrou uma variedade de compreensões. Em relação à formação docente, identificaram-se fragilidades no desenvolvimento do processo tutorial. Além disso, constatou-se que as estratégias utilizadas para a capacitação precisam ser revistas quanto à implementação e à inserção dos profissionais nelas. Observou-se que os docentes demonstram dificuldades em realizar uma avaliação dos estudantes integrando as dimensões afetivas, cognitivas e psicomotoras. Conclusão: Assim, independentemente do tempo de implementação do currículo, a educação permanente deve se constituir como espaço potente para a capacitação docente e a gestão do processo.

Quantification of mineral composition of Brazilian bee pollen by near infrared spectroscopy and PLS regression.

Bee pollen consumption has increased in the last years, mainly due to its nutritional value and therapeutic applications. The quantification of mineral constituents is of great importance in order to evaluate both, the toxicity and the beneficial effect of essential elements. The purpose of this work was to quantify the essential elements, Ca, Mg, Zn, P and K, by diffuse reflectance spectra in the near infrared region (NIR) combined with partial least squares regression (PLS), which is a clean and fast method. Reference method used was ICP OES. The determination coefficients for calibration models (R2) were above 0.87 and the mean percent calibration error varied from 5 to 10%. For external validation R2 values were higher than 0.76. The results indicated that NIR spectroscopy can be useful for an approximate quantification of these minerals in bee pollen samples and can be used as a faster alternative to the standard methodologies.

Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) aplicada à trabalhadores de higienização e limpeza / International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) applied on health of hygiene and cleaning worker

Introdução. A Revolução Tecnológica trouxe repercussões em aspectos coletivos e individuais no mundo do trabalho, porém, no Brasil ainda persistem atividades caracterizadas por significativo desgaste físico, como é o caso dos serviços de higienização e limpeza. Objetivo. Estabelecer um perfil funcional de higienizadores com base na CIF. Método. Dados foram coletados de um serviço de Medicina do Trabalho, para codificação com base na CIF. Resultados. No componente Funções do Corpo identificaram-se as categorias b28010 (dor em cabeça e pescoço), b28014 (dor em membro superior), 28013 (dor nas costas), e 28015 (dor em membro inferior). Nas Estruturas do Corpo, destacou-se o código s76002 (coluna lombar). Identificou-e em atividades e participação, os códigos d2200 (limpeza e desinfecção), d4109 (postura inadequada), fatores ambientais com e1358 (risco químico), 298 (risco biológico) e 2251(umidade). Conclusão. As informações subsidiaram um perfil funcional que será utilizado para o aprimoramento da aquisição de dados em saúde pela equipe de saúde.

Introduction. The Technological Revolution brought repercussions on collective and individual aspects in the world of work, however. In Brazil there are still activities characterized by significant physical exhaustion, such as hygiene and cleaning services. Goal.To establish a functionality profile of sanitation workers based on the ICF. Method. Data were collected from an occupational health service and coded based on the CIF. Results. On Body Functions component were identified categories b28010 (pain in the head and neck), b28014 (pain in upper limb), 28013 (back pain), and 28015 (leg pain). On Body Structures component was the highlight for s76002 code (lumbar spine). Were extracted codes relating to the activities and participation, with D2200 (cleaning and disinfection), and d4109 (poor posture), and environmental factors with the e1358 code (chemical risk / sanitizers and disinfectants), and 298 (biological risk) and 2251 (humidity). Conclusion. The Informations subsidized a functional profile that will be used to improve the acquisition of health data by the health team.

Ensino e Aprendizagem da Prática Profissional: Perspectiva de Estudantes de Medicina / Teaching and Learning Professional Practice: Medical Students’ Perspective

RESUMO A Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema) construiu um currículo integrado e orientado por competência dialógica, sendo a Unidade de Prática Profissional (UPP) uma das unidades educacionais desenvolvida por meio da Problematização. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na Unidade de Prática Profissional (UPP) na perspectiva dos estudantes do curso de Medicina. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, em que foi realizada entrevista com 16 estudantes escolhidos aleatoriamente, abrangendo todas as séries do curso de Medicina. Na análise de dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Obtiveram-se três categorias temáticas: compreensão da proposta da UPP; o processo ensino-aprendizagem; organização do espaço de construção do conhecimento. Apesar de serem identificadas lacunas quanto à organização dessa unidade educacional, considera-se que essa proposta curricular possibilita formar um profissional definido pelas Diretrizes Nacionais e que atenda às necessidades do SUS, contribuindo para que outras escolas possam adequar seus currículos e buscar a formação de profissionais mais críticos e reflexivos.

ABSTRACT Marília Medical School has built an integrated and dialogic curriculum, with the Professional Practice Unit (PPU) developed through problem-based learning. This study aims to analyze the teaching and learning process in the Professional Practice Unit (PPU) from the medical students’ perspective. This is a qualitative study based on interviews with 16 randomly chosen students, encompassing all series of the Medical Course. The data was subjected to content analysis, with three thematic categories: Understanding of the proposed PPU; The teaching-learning process; and the organization of knowledge construction. Despite some gaps in the educational unit organization, the proposed curriculum enables professional training according to National Guidelines, and meets the needs of the Unified Health System, thus helping other schools to adapt their curricula and seek a more critical and reflective professional education.

Competency-base training in nursing: limits and possibilities / La formación en enfermería por área de competencia: límites y posibilidades / A formação em enfermagem por área de competência: limites e possibilidades

Objective To analyze the possibilities and limits of competency-based training in nursing. Method An integrative review of the literature on the subject was carried out, and an analysis was made of the results of a survey evaluating a nursing course based on areas of competency. A dialog was then established between the review and the results of the research. Results On the question of which theoretical type of competency the articles from the literature relate to, there is a predominance of the constructivist perspective, followed by the functionalist approach and the dialog-based approach. In the dialog between the literature and the research, limits and possibilities were observed in the development of a training by areas of competency. Conclusion The dialog-based approach to competency is the proposition that most approximates to the profile defined by the National Curriculum Guidelines for training in nursing, and this was also identified in the evaluation survey that was studied. However, it is found that there are aspects on better work is needed, such as: partnership between school and the workplace, the role of the teacher, the role of the student, and the process of evaluation. .

Objetivo Analizar posibilidades y límites de la formación en enfermería por competencia. Método Revisión integrativa de la literatura sobre el asunto y análisis de los resultados de una investigación de evaluación de un curso de enfermería desarrollada por áreas de competencia, estableciendo un diálogo entre la revisión y los resultados de esa investigación. Resultados Cuanto a la vertiente teórica de competencia de esos artículos, hubo un predominio de la matriz constructivista, seguida de la funcionalista y de la dialógica. En el diálogo entre la literatura y la investigación se observaron límites y posibilidades en el desarrollo de una formación por áreas de competencia. Conclusión El abordaje dialógico de competencia es la proposición que más se aproxima del perfil definido por las DCN para la formación en enfermería, identificada también en la investigación de evaluación analizada. Aunque, se verificó que hay aspectos que precisan ser más bien trabajados, como: aparcería escuela y servicio, papel del docente, papel del estudiante y proceso de evaluación. .

Objetivo Analisar possibilidades e limites da formação em enfermagem por competência. Método Revisão integrativa da literatura acerca do assunto e analise dos resultados de uma pesquisa de avaliação de um curso de enfermagem desenvolvida por áreas de competência, estabelecendo um diálogo entre a revisão e os resultados dessa pesquisa. Resultados Quanto à vertente teórica de competência desses artigos, houve um predomínio da matriz construtivista, seguida da funcionalista e da dialógica. No diálogo entre a literatura e a pesquisa observaram-se limites e possibilidades no desenvolvimento de uma formação por áreas de competência. Conclusão A abordagem dialógica de competência é a proposição que mais se aproxima do perfil definido pelas DCN para a formação em enfermagem, identificada também na pesquisa de avaliação analisada. No entanto, verificou-se que há aspectos que precisam ser mais bem trabalhados, como: parceria escola e serviço, papel do docente, papel do estudante e processo avaliativo. .

[Meanings of social support for people submitted to coronary artery by-pass graft surgery: ethnographic study]. / Significados de apoio social de acordo com pessoas submetidas a revascularizacao do miocardio: estudo etnografico.

The aim of this ethnographic study was to understand the meanings of social support according to a group of people submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Semi structured interview and direct observations were the techniques used for data collection, which took place at the participants' homes and during outpatient return appointments. Data were collected between April/2010 and April/2011, involving eleven individuals, mostly married, between 49 and 73 years of age. The main reported source of support came from relatives. Religious support was another type mentioned, considered fundamental when making decisions about the surgery. The meaning of support was related to direct help from relatives, concerning instrumental (accomplishment of domestic and self-care activities) as well as emotional and religious help (focus on coping with the disease and surgery and explanations for the disease and surgery as a moment of threat and rupture).

Significados de apoio social de acordo com pessoas submetidas a revascularizacao do miocardio: estudo etnografico / Meanings of social support for people submitted to coronary artery by-pass graft surgery: ethnographic study / Significados de apoyo social de acuerdo con personas sometidas a revascularizacion miocardica: estudio etnografico

Estudo etnográfico com objetivo de compreender os significados de apoio social segundo um grupo de pessoas submetidas a revascularização do miocárdio. As técnicas empregadas na coleta de dados foram entrevista semiestruturada e observações diretas, realizadas na residência dos participantes e durante o retorno ambulatorial. Os dados foram coletados no período de abril/2010 a abril/2011, com onze indivíduos, a maioria casada, com idade entre 49 e 73 anos. A principal fonte de apoio reportada foi os familiares. Outro tipo de apoio mencionado foi o religioso, considerado fundamental no momento de tomada de decisão sobre a cirurgia. O significado do apoio foi relacionado ao auxílio direto dos familiares, tanto instrumental (realização de atividades domésticas e de autocuidado) quanto emocional e religioso (focalização no enfrentamento da doençae da cirurgia e nas explicações para a enfermidade e cirurgia, um momento de ameaça e ruptura).

The aim of this ethnographic study was to understand the meanings of social support according to a group of people submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Semi structured interview and direct observations were the techniques used for data collection, which took place at the participants' homes and during outpatient return appointments. Data were collected between April/2010 and April/2011, involving eleven individuals, mostly married, between 49 and 73 years of age. The main reported source of support came from relatives. Religious support was another type mentioned, considered fundamental when making decisions about the surgery. The meaning of support was related to direct help from relatives, concerning instrumental (accomplishment of domestic and self-care activities) as well as emotional and religious help (focus on coping with the disease and surgery and explanations for the disease and surgery as a moment of threat and rupture).

Estudio etnográfico con objeto de comprender los significados de apoyo social según un grupo de personas sometidas a la revascularización miocárdica. Las técnicas usadas en la recolecta de datos fueron la entrevista semi estructurada y observaciones directas, llevadas a cabo en la residencia de los participantes y durante el regreso ambulatorio. Los datos fueron recolectados entre abril/2010 y abril/2011, con once individuos, la mayoría casada, con edad entre 49 y 73 años. La principal fuente de apoyo reportada fue de los familiares. Otro tipo de apoyo mencionado fue el religioso, considerado fundamental en el momento de toma de decisión sobre la cirugía. El significado del apoyo fue relacionado al auxilio directo de los familiares, tanto instrumental (realización de actividades domésticas y de autocuidado) como emocional y religioso (focalización en el enfrentamiento de la enfermedad y cirugía y explicaciones para la enfermedad y cirugía como un momento de amenaza y ruptura).

Competency-based training in nursing: limits and possibilities.

Objective To analyze the possibilities and limits of competency-based training in nursing. Method An integrative review of the literature on the subject was carried out, and an analysis was made of the results of a survey evaluating a nursing course based on areas of competency. A dialog was then established between the review and the results of the research. Results On the question of which theoretical type of competency the articles from the literature relate to, there is a predominance of the constructivist perspective, followed by the functionalist approach and the dialog-based approach. In the dialog between the literature and the research, limits and possibilities were observed in the development of a training by areas of competency. Conclusion The dialog-based approach to competency is the proposition that most approximates to the profile defined by the National Curriculum Guidelines for training in nursing, and this was also identified in the evaluation survey that was studied. However, it is found that there are aspects on better work is needed, such as: partnership between school and the workplace, the role of the teacher, the role of the student, and the process of evaluation.

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of zinc oxide-eugenol cement to Allium cepa L / Avaliação da genotoxicidade do cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol em Allium cepa L

Dental materials can induce local and systemic effects. The Allium cepa assay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity and/or cytotoxicity of zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) at different proportions. The ZOE solution was tested at the concentration of 1 drop of eugenol (in each drop of liquid, the approximate concentration of eugenol is 85%) and 1 portion of zinc oxide cement (treatment I), and twice the concentration of eugenol (treatment II) . Treated roots appeared to be yellowish-brown, fewer in number, thicker and less turgid compared with the control, suggesting a cytotoxic activity of ZOE. A significant difference was found in the root size between the control and treatment II. This treatment reduced by 79% the size of the root compared with the control, and the mitotic index was 66%, indicating a 22.4% reduction relative to the control, which in turn evidenced the cytotoxicity of ZOE. The significant increase in anaphase bridges suggests a genotoxic effect.

Materiais dentários podem induzir diversos efeitos, tanto local quanto sistêmico. Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de danos genéticos e de alterações nucleares degenerativas indicativas de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade em células de cebola em mitose, expostas a óxido de zinco e eugenol (ZOE) em diferentes proporções. Os bulbos foram postos a germinar, com a parte inferior mergulhada na solução de ZOE + água destilada. A solução de ZOE foi testada na concentração de uma gota de eugenol (aproximadamente 85%) e 1 porção do cimento de óxido de zinco (tratamento I) e o dobro da concentração do eugenol (tratamento II). As raízes do controle apresentaram coloração esbranquiçada e eram túrgidas, enquanto as raízes dos tratamentos se mostraram de cor amarela ­ amarronzada, em menor quantidade, mais grossas e menos túrgidas, sugerindo ação citotóxica de ZOE. Houve diferença significativa do tamanho das raízes entre o controle e o tratamento II. O tratamento II reduziu 79% do tamanho da raiz e o índice mitótico foi 66%. Isto mostra redução de 22,4% quando comparado com o controle, evidenciando a ação citotóxica de ZOE. O aumento significante de pontes anafásicas sugere efeito genotóxico.

Qualidade de vida na perspectiva de vítimas de traumas múltiplos e seus familiares / Life quality from the perspective of multiple trauma victims and their families / Calidad de vida en la perspectiva de víctimas de traumas múltiples y sus familiares

Investigação etnográfica fundamentada na antropologia interpretativa e no Modelo Conceitual de Qualidadede Vida do Centre for Health Promotion com objetivo de interpretar o significado de qualidade de vida a partir daperspectiva de vítimas de traumas múltiplos em processo de reabilitação e seus familiares. Participaram do estudo 11 pessoas vítimas de traumas ocorridos entre setembro de 2007 e outubro de 2008, residentes em Uberaba, e 10 familiares. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada. No contexto social investigado, os sentidos atribuídos à qualidade de vida pelos participantes referem-se ao aspecto físico (dependência física, alterações na estrutura e função do corpo), psicológico (alterações na imagem corporal e busca pela felicidade), espiritual (fé em Deus), retorno ao trabalho e apoio social. O significado de qualidade de vida para os pacientes vítimas de traumas múltiplos e seus familiares é multidimensional e tem componentes fisiológicos, psicológicos, emocionais e sociais.

Ethnographical investigation grounded on interpretative anthropology and on the Conceptual Model of Life Quality of the Centre for Health Promotion. It aimed at interpreting the meaning of life quality from the stand of multiple trauma victims in rehabilitation process as well as from the stand of their relatives. Eleven victims of trauma between September, 2007 and October, 2008 residing in Uberaba, MG, Brazil, and ten relatives were participating subjects in this investigation. Semi structured interviews and direct observation techniques were used. In the social context investigated, the meanings attributed to life quality refer to physical aspects (physical dependence, alterations in structure and body function), psychological aspects (alterations in body image and pursuit of happiness), and spiritual aspects (faith in God), as well as return to work, and social support. The meaning of life quality for patients victimized by multiple traumas is multidimensional and it has physiological, psychological, emotional, and social components.

Investigación etnográfica, fundamentada en la antropología interpretativa y en el Modelo Conceptual de Cualidad de Vida del Centre for Health Promotion buscó interpretar el significado de cualidad de vida en la perspectiva de víctimas de traumas múltiples en proceso de rehabilitación y sus familiares. Participaron 11 víctimas de traumas y 10 familiares residentes en Uberaba, Brasil, ocurridos entre septiembre de 2007 y octubre de 2008. Se realizó observación directa y entrevista semiestructurada. En el contexto social investigado, los sentidos atribuidos a la cualidad de vida por los sujetos se refieren al aspecto físico (dependencia física, alteraciones en la estructura y función del cuerpo), psicológico (alteraciones en la imagen corporal y búsqueda por la felicidad), espiritual (fe en Dios), retorno al trabajo y apoyo social. El significado de cualidad de vida para los pacientes víctimas de trauma múltiples es multidimensional y tiene componentes fisiológicos, psicológicos, emocionales y sociales.

Calcificações nos núcleos da base após hipoparatireoidismo secundário: relato de caso / Cerebral calcifications due to secondary hypoparathyroidism: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As calcificações dos gânglios da base ocorrem em diversas situações clínicas e podem se apresentar de modo variado. Desde formas assintomáticas e incidentalmente encontradas em exames de imagem; até formas convulsivas graves ou manifestações clínicas de parkinsonismo.O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de hipocalcemia com repercussões neurológicas 10 anos após hipoparatireoidismo secundário devido à tireoidectomia por carcinoma folicular. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos, submetida à tireoidectomia aos 9 anos de idade devido a carcinoma folicular, tendo posteriormente recebido dose de I131 e desde então em uso de puran T4. Após aproximadamente 10 anos da cirurgia,iniciou episódios de crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas, além de parestesias e episódios de tetania. Hipoparatireoidismo com manifestações neurológicas, diagnosticado longo tempo após a cirurgia de tireoide é considerado uma raridade. A paciente procurou atendimento médico facultativo com quadro sugestivo de crise convulsiva e tetania. Solicitado exames laboratoriais e tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio que demonstrou áreas de calcificações cerebrais nos núcleos caudados, lenticulares e tálamo. Tratada com cálcio e Vitamina D apresentando melhora clínica importante. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento do hipoparatireoidismo com cálcio e vitamina D, restabelecendo a calcemia, propiciou a estabilizaçãodo quadro neurológico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Calcifications of the basal ganglia occur in various clinical situations and can present variably. Even asymptomatic forms which are incidentally found on imaging studies until severe seizures or clinical manifestations of parkinsonism are described. To report a case of hypocalcemia with neurological repercussions ten years after secondary hypoparathyroidism due to thyroidectomy for follicular carcinoma. CASE REPORT: The diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism with neurological findings occurring years after thyroid surgery is considered to be rare. The authors describe one case of hypoparathyroidismassociated to brain calcifications diagnosed ten yearsafter thyroidectomy due to follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thepatient was admitted to Emergency Service presenting with seizures,without a previous diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Thediagnosis was suspected adding the biochemical analysis and thecerebral computed tomography, which showed cerebral calcificationsin basal ganglia. The patient was treated with calcium andvitamin D with improvement of clinical status. CONCLUSION: The treatment of hypoparathyroidism withcalcium and vitamin D, restoring the calcium levels, brought thestabilization of the neurological symptoms.

As ações do serviço de saúde voltadas para o âmbito individual e pouco coletivo / Health services' actions focused on the individual rather than collective level

Este estudo avalia a compreensão sobre o modelo de atenção básica nas ações de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa exploratória, desenvolvida em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs) de Marília, com amostra composta por profissionais de saúde, usuários e estudantes de Medicina e Enfermagem inseridos nas unidades. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Pôde-se observar que, independentemente da categoria entrevistada e da área onde se encontra a USF, a compreensão dos entrevistados sobre o modelo de atenção é o modelo médico-assistencial privatista, que reflete o predomínio das ações curativas em uma relação individualista, operada diretamente pelo médico e oferecida na demanda espontânea, não sendo exclusiva do setor privado. Foi proposto utilizar o espaço de grupos organizados para educação em saúde, em que trabalhadores e usuários são participantes para uma interação com as necessidades da comunidade e participação ativa dos usuários no planejamento do serviço, além de investimento nas ações de promoção e prevenção, o que causaria adesão da população e geraria credibilidade no modelo não médico-centrado.

This study evaluates the understanding of the primary healthcare model. This was an exploratory qualitative study conducted in Family Health Units in Marília, São Paulo, with a sample consisting of health workers, users, and medical and nursing students at the health units. The data were collected with semi-structured interviews and submitted to content analysis (thematic modality). Regardless of the interview category and area where the family health unit was located, the interviewees' understanding of the healthcare model was the private medical care model, which reflects the predominance of curative actions in an individualist relationship, operated directly by the physician and offered according to spontaneous demand, not exclusive to the private sector. The proposal here was to use organized groups as a space for health education in which health workers and users are participants in interaction between the community's needs and active participation by users in planning the service, in addition to investment in health promotion and prevention, intended to foster adherence by the population and generating credibility in a non-doctor-centered model.

Care in a new age: the work of caregivers with psychiatric patients in houses.

The research aims to analyze the caregivers' work developed with psychiatric patients in assisted living facilities. The research used the ethnographic method and is theoretically based on Interpretative Anthropology for the analysis of the meanings of practices related to the caregiver's work in these residential devices. The techniques used in the research were participant observation and interviews. The main subjects of the search were the eleven caregivers and the secondary subjects were four supervisors. The results show the bond established between caregivers and residents, the possibility of a regular discussion under supervision, the impact of different equipments at the dwelling house on the daily reality of professionals and patients. The main conclusions permit recognizing the relevance of caregivers' work. Despite its deficient education, training and legal definition, this work supports behavioral changes observed in dwellers, which reveal the ongoing rehabilitation process.

Care in a new age: the work of caregivers with psychiatric patients in houses / Cuidar em novo tempo: o trabalho de cuidadores com pacientes psiquiátricos em moradias / Cuidar en tiempos nuevos: el trabajo de cuidadores con pacientes psiquiátricos en residencias terapéuticas

The research aims to analyze the caregivers' work developed with psychiatric patients in assisted living facilities. The research used the ethnographic method and is theoretically based on Interpretative Anthropology for the analysis of the meanings of practices related to the caregiver's work in these residential devices. The techniques used in the research were participant observation and interviews. The main subjects of the search were the eleven caregivers and the secondary subjects were four supervisors. The results show the bond established between caregivers and residents, the possibility of a regular discussion under supervision, the impact of different equipments at the dwelling house on the daily reality of professionals and patients. The main conclusions permit recognizing the relevance of caregivers' work. Despite its deficient education, training and legal definition, this work supports behavioral changes observed in dwellers, which reveal the ongoing rehabilitation process.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o trabalho de cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos, em dois tipos de serviços residenciais terapêuticos. A pesquisa recorreu ao método etnográfico, baseado na teoria interpretativa, e utilizou as técnicas de observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade. Os sujeitos principais são onze cuidadores e os sujeitos secundários, quatro supervisores. Os principais achados consistem na identificação da formação e capacitação do cuidador; atividades pelas quais se responsabiliza e concepções sobre elas, mudanças desencadeadas nos serviços residenciais, vínculo que se estabelece entre cuidadores e moradores, possibilidade de discussão regular do trabalho em supervisão e impacto dos diferentes equipamentos de moradia no cotidiano de cuidadores e pacientes. As conclusões permitem reconhecer a relevância do trabalho dos cuidadores. Ainda que lhe falte melhor definição legal, formação e capacitação adequadas, este trabalho é o principal responsável pelas mudanças comportamentais observadas nos moradores, que permitem constatar o processo de reabilitação em curso.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el trabajo de cuidadores con pacientes psiquiátricos en dos tipos de servicios en residencias terapéuticas. La investigación recurrió al método etnográfico, basado en la Teoría Interpretativa, y utilizó las técnicas de observación participativa y entrevistas en profundidad. Los sujetos principales son once cuidadores y los sujetos secundarios, cuatro supervisores. Los principales hallazgos consisten en: identificación de la formación y capacitación del cuidador; actividades por las cuales se responsabiliza y ; concepciones que tiene sobre ellas; cambios desencadenados en los servicios en residencias terapéuticas; vínculo que se establece entre cuidadores y residentes; posibilidad de discusión regular del trabajo en supervisión; e, impacto de los diferentes equipamientos de la residencia en lo cotidiano de cuidadores y pacientes. Las conclusiones permiten reconocer la relevancia del trabajo de los cuidadores. A pesar de que les falte mejor definición legal, formación y capacitación adecuada, este trabajo es el principal responsable por los cambios comportamentales observados en los residentes, que permiten constatar el proceso de rehabilitación en curso.

Nuclear anomalies in the buccal cells of children under dental treatment

INTRODUCTION: Since some dental materials may be aggressive to a person's body, studies involving such materials seem to be necessary. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of dental materials through micronucleus (MN) test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exfoliated buccal cells of 4-to-12 year-old children, who were on some type of dental treatment, were collected either before or after the treatment ending. Each sample was composed of 1,000 cells per patient. Student's t test was used for comparison. RESULTS: The dental materials were divided into 3 groups, as follows: cement, monomers, and their combination. Treatments using monomer + cement-based materials were found to increase significantly the number of binucleated (BN) cells, (p < 0.05) which indicate several degenerative nuclear changes. CONCLUSION: The combination of cement-based dental material with monomers increases the cytotoxic action of dental materials.