Prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response using diffuse optical spectroscopy in breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) has been recently used to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response (NAC). In the present study, we explore the change in blood-oxygen content using DOS to predict NAC response against breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients were enrolled and underwent DOS scan with blood-oxygen detection before each treatment cycle. The first DOS scan was performed before NAC treatment (pretreatment), and subsequent scans were performed after each NAC treatment circle. Changes in blood content and oxygen content by DOS were evaluated and compared with tumor size, and their changes were analyzed in response versus nonresponse group. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were classified into response and seven patients into nonresponse group. The tumor blood content value (-1.06 ± 0.43) and oxygen content value (0.48 ± 0.17) of DOS at pretreatment was significantly different from presurgery in response group (P < 0.05), but not in nonresponse group. In response group, the percentage change in blood content (median 91.19%) was significantly larger than tumor size (median 48.89%) (P = 0.0035), while in oxygen content (median 47.11%) is not (P = 0.2815). Comparing each cycle, the percentage change in blood content could distinguish responder from non-responder as early as after the first treatment cycle (19.1 versus 6.6%, P = 0.0265). Blood content percentage sensitivity was 76.9% and specificity was 85.7% (AUC 0.912), while oxygen content percentage sensitivity was 76.9% and specificity was 71.4% (AUC 0.797). CONCLUSION: Both blood and oxygen content measured by DOS could be used to discriminate responder to the treatment versus non-responder. Among the two, percentage change of blood content was more precise and earlier than that of oxygen content to predicted breast tumor response. The percentage change in blood content could distinguish responder from non-responder after the first treatment cycle.

Expression of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the relationship between of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) expression and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: The basilar arteries from a "double-hemorrhage" rabbit model of SAH were used to investigate the relation between S1P expression and SAH. Various symptoms, including blood clots, basilar artery cross-sectional area, and S1P phosphatase expression were measured at day 3, 5, 7, 9. RESULTS: The expression of S1P was enhanced in the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rabbits. And S1P expression was consistent with the basilar artery cross-sectional area changes at day 3, 5, 7, 9. CONCLUSION: Sphingosine-1-phosphate expression in the cerebral arterial may be a new indicator in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and provide a new therapeutic method for SAH.

Normal mesenteric lymph ameliorates lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced spleen injury.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of normal mesenteric lymph (NML) from mice on the spleen injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. METHODS: Mice in the LPS and LPS+NML groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (35 mg/kg) and kept for 6 h.. The mice in the LPS+NML group received NML treatment at 1 h after LPS injection. Afterward, the splenic morphology, the levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), phosphorylation mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inflammatory mediators in splenic tissue were investigated. RESULTS: LPS injection induced spleen injury, increased the levels of LBP, CD14, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon γ (IFN-γ), and decreased the IL-4 content in the spleen. By contrast, NML treatment reversed these changes. Meanwhile, the LPS challenge decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and JNK were further decreased by the NML administration. CONCLUSION: rRdThe normal mesenteric lymph treatment alleviated lipopolysaccharide induced spleen injury by attenuating LPS sensitization and production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ.

Expression of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits

To demonstrate the relationship between of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) expression and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: The basilar arteries from a "double-hemorrhage" rabbit model of SAH were used to investigate the relation between S1P expression and SAH. Various symptoms, including blood clots, basilar artery cross-sectional area, and S1P phosphatase expression were measured at day 3, 5, 7, 9. RESULTS: The expression of S1P was enhanced in the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rabbits. And S1P expression was consistent with the basilar artery cross-sectional area changes at day 3, 5, 7, 9. CONCLUSION: Sphingosine-1-phosphate expression in the cerebral arterial may be a new indicator in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and provide a new therapeutic method for SAH.(AU)

Expression of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits

PURPOSE:To demonstrate the relationship between of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) expression and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).METHODS:The basilar arteries from a "double-hemorrhage" rabbit model of SAH were used to investigate the relation between S1P expression and SAH. Various symptoms, including blood clots, basilar artery cross-sectional area, and S1P phosphatase expression were measured at day 3, 5, 7, 9.RESULTS: The expression of S1P was enhanced in the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rabbits. And S1P expression was consistent with the basilar artery cross-sectional area changes at day 3, 5, 7, 9.CONCLUSION: Sphingosine-1-phosphate expression in the cerebral arterial may be a new indicator in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and provide a new therapeutic method for SAH.

Normal mesenteric lymph ameliorates lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced spleen injury

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of normal mesenteric lymph (NML) from mice on the spleen injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Mice in the LPS and LPS+NML groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (35 mg/kg) and kept for 6 h.. The mice in the LPS+NML group received NML treatment at 1 h after LPS injection. Afterward, the splenic morphology, the levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), phosphorylation mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inflammatory mediators in splenic tissue were investigated.RESULTS:LPS injection induced spleen injury, increased the levels of LBP, CD14, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon γ (IFN-γ), and decreased the IL-4 content in the spleen. By contrast, NML treatment reversed these changes. Meanwhile, the LPS challenge decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and JNK were further decreased by the NML administration. rRdThe normal mesenteric lymph treatment alleviated lipopolysaccharide induced spleen injury by attenuating LPS sensitization and production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ.(AU)

Normal mesenteric lymph ameliorates lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced spleen injury

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of normal mesenteric lymph (NML) from mice on the spleen injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.METHODS: Mice in the LPS and LPS+NML groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (35 mg/kg) and kept for 6 h.. The mice in the LPS+NML group received NML treatment at 1 h after LPS injection. Afterward, the splenic morphology, the levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), phosphorylation mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inflammatory mediators in splenic tissue were investigated.RESULTS:LPS injection induced spleen injury, increased the levels of LBP, CD14, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon γ (IFN-γ), and decreased the IL-4 content in the spleen. By contrast, NML treatment reversed these changes. Meanwhile, the LPS challenge decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and JNK were further decreased by the NML administration.CONCLUSION:rRdThe normal mesenteric lymph treatment alleviated lipopolysaccharide induced spleen injury by attenuating LPS sensitization and production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ.