ABSTRACT
Skin cancer is one of the most preventable groups of malignancies; however, skin cancer incidence continues to rise in the United States. The relationship between skin cancer and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is well known. Many interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to UV radiation have been employed throughout the United States. Studies show an increase in knowledge and awareness regarding sun exposure and skin cancer. Unfortunately, sun protection interventions are slow at effecting behavioral change. In this review, we examine current barriers facing youth today in regards to sun protection practices, appropriate age groups to target for intervention, proposed methods of sun protection, the influence of role models in changing sun protective behavior, the stages of behavioral change, and characteristics and techniques of sun protection programs that can not only increase knowledge but actually elicit changes in sun protection behavior.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Child Behavior , Health Education , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/prevention & control , Protective Clothing , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Sunlight/adverse effects , Sunscreening Agents/therapeutic use , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Communication Barriers , Female , Health Education/methods , Health Education/organization & administration , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Imitative Behavior , Infant , Male , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology , Organizational Policy , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Peer Group , Protective Clothing/economics , Protective Clothing/statistics & numerical data , Psychology, Adolescent , Psychology, Child , Schools/organization & administration , Skin Neoplasms/etiology , Sunbathing/psychology , Sunbathing/trends , Sunscreening Agents/administration & dosage , Sunscreening Agents/economics , Young AdultABSTRACT
A 30-year-old woman, who was six months pregnant, presented with multiple, blanching, asymptomatic telangiectasies on her right upper extremity for two years. At the onset of her pregnancy, her lesions increased in number and redness. Given the unilateral distribution and worsening during pregnancy, a diagnosis of unilateral nevoid telangiectasia was made. This condition is a rare entity that has been most commonly reported in association with puberty, pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, and alcoholic cirrhosis. However, there have been case reports in otherwise healthy individuals.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Telangiectasis/diagnosis , Adult , Arm/blood supply , Disease Progression , Estrogens/physiology , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Telangiectasis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
A 64-year-old woman presented with a one-and-one-half year history of an enlarging, red-brown, firm plaque on the left thigh, with numerous, scattered, indurated, hyperpigmented patches on the lower extremities. Histopathologic examination of the largest plaque confirmed the diagnosis of erythema elevatum diutinum, which is a rare form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis that is associated with many disease entities, which include human immunodeficiency virus infection, malignant conditions, hematologic abnormalities, chronic infection, and autoimmune and connective-tissue disorders. The treatment of choice is dapsone; however, several other treatment modalities have been reported to be of benefit.
Subject(s)
Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/blood , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Biopsy , Dermis/pathology , Eosinophils/pathology , Female , Histiocytes/pathology , Humans , Lymphocytes/pathology , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/pathology , Plasma Cells/pathology , Subcutaneous Fat/pathology , Thigh , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/etiology , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/immunology , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/pathologyABSTRACT
A 24-year-old pregnant African-American woman had a 3-4 year history of chronic, scarring, hyperpigmented plaques on her scalp, face, trunk, and extremities. She complained of joint pain and fatigue. Clinical presentation, laboratory data, and histopathologic features were consistent with systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with generalized chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. This subtype is a distinct lupus erythematosus subset that rarely develops renal disease and has a relatively benign but chronic course.
Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Pregnancy Complications , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , PregnancyABSTRACT
A 33-year-old-man presented with a 13-year history of asymptomatic, white, folded, soft, poorly-demarcated, diffuse plaques bilaterally on his buccal mucosae and lateral surfaces of his tongue. There is no family history of similar lesions. The physical examination and histopathologic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of white sponge nevus. This rare disorder is typically inherited; however, as in this case, there have been a few other cases reported without a familial background.
Subject(s)
Leukokeratosis, Hereditary Mucosal/diagnosis , Tongue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Mouth Mucosa/pathologyABSTRACT
A 7-year-old girl presented with asymptomatic bruise-like hairy nodules on her right lower leg since 8 months of age. Histopathology demonstrated an increased number of blood vessels and eccrine glands, thicker collagen bundles, and a terminal hair follicle in catagen phase. The patient was diagnosed with multiple eccrine pilar angiomatous nevi, an unusual variant of eccrine angiomatous hamartomas. The natural course of eccrine angiomatous hamartomas is typically slow growth and benign behavior. Simple excision is usually curative and is reserved for painful or cosmetically disfiguring lesions. Our patient's nevus is large and multifocal, making excision more challenging.