The atypical cadherin Dachsous1 localizes to the base of the ciliary apparatus in airway epithelia.

Mucociliary clearance requires the distinct orientation and coordinated movement of airway cilia, which is established through planar cell polarity signaling (PCP). The atypical cadherin Dachsous1 (Dchs1) is a transmembrane protein that regulates PCP in D. melanogaster. However, little is known about Dchs1 expression and its potential role in PCP in mammalian adult tissues. Here, we show that Dchs1 is ubiquitously expressed in mouse embryos, but exhibits a highly restricted expression to lung tissues in the adult stage. Strikingly, human Dchs1 localized exclusively to the base of the ciliary apparatus in cultured human respiratory epithelial cells with differentiated motile 9 + 2 cilia. This localization could be functionally important as we observed aberrant DCHS1 mRNA expression in human non-small cell lung cancer tissue. In sum, we establish Dchs1 as a component of the membrane domain surrounding the ciliary base. This suggests a specific role of Dchs1 in PCP-dependent organization of ciliary function and a possible role in lung disease.

Interaction of atypical cadherin Fat1 with SoHo adaptor proteins CAP/ponsin and ArgBP2.

Mammalian Fat1 is a giant atypical cadherin/tumor suppressor involved in the regulation of cellular orientation, migration, and growth. Fat1 is implicated in the development of the brain, eye, and kidney. Altered expression or mutations of FAT1 are also associated with cancer and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Yet, the mechanistic functions of this pathway remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the identification of Sorbin-homology (SoHo) proteins as novel interaction partners of Fat1 by virtue of a yeast-two-hybrid screen. SoHo proteins play diverse roles as adaptor proteins in cell signaling, cell adhesion and sarcomere architecture, including altered expression in cancer and FSHD. Specifically, we found SoHo proteins CAP/ponsin-1 and -2 (Sorbs1) and ArgBP2 (Sorbs2) to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of Fat1. We mapped the interaction to a prolin-rich classic type II PXXP motif within Fat1 and to the three Src-homology (SH3) domains within SoHo proteins using mutant expression in yeast, pulldown assays, and cell culture. Functionally, endogenous ponsin-2 expression of NRK-52E cells at cellular leading edges was lost upon knockdown of Fat1. In summary, our data point to an interaction of Fat1 with SoHo proteins that is able to recruit SoHo proteins to sites of Fat1 expression.