Social and immigration factors in intimate partner violence among Ecuadorians, Moroccans and Romanians living in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women occurs in all countries, all cultures and at every level of society; however, some populations may be at greater risk than others. The aim of this study was to explore IPV prevalence among Ecuadorian, Moroccan and Romanian immigrant women living in Spain and its possible association with their personal, family, social support and immigration status characteristics. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1607 adult immigrant women residing in Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia (2011). Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated, with current IPV being the outcome. Different women's personal (demographic), family, social support and immigration status characteristics were considered as explicative and control variables. All analyses were separated by women's country of origin. RESULTS: Current IPV prevalence was 15.57% in Ecuadorians, 10.91% in Moroccans and 8.58% in Romanians. Some common IPV factors were found, such as being separated and/or divorced. In Romanians, IPV was also associated with lack of social support [AOR 5.96 (1.39-25.62)] and low religious involvement [AOR 2.17 (1.06-4.43)]. The likelihood of current IPV was lower among women without children or other dependents in this subgroup [AOR 0.29 (0.093-0.92)]. CONCLUSION: The IPV prevalence rates obtained for Moroccan, Romanian and Ecuadorian women residing in Spain were similar. Whereas the likelihood of IPV appeared to be relatively evenly distributed among Moroccan and Ecuadorian women, it was higher among Romanian women in socially vulnerable situations related to family responsibilities and the lack of support networks. The importance of intervention in the process of separation and divorce was common to all women.

Competencias y contenidos comunes de salud pública en los programas universitarios de grado / Common competencies and contents in public health in graduate programs

Objetivo Identificar competencias y contenidos básicos de salud pública en los programas de grado de enfermería, farmacia, magisterio, medicina, nutrición humana y dietética, óptica y optometría, relaciones laborales y recursos humanos, y trabajo social, y realizar propuestas de mejora. Métodos Organización del taller Contenidos de salud pública en los programas de grado en la XXI Escuela de Salud Pública de Menorca. Formación de ocho grupos coordinados por 37 profesores de universidades españolas seleccionados a través de informantes clave y bola de nieve. Se utilizaron dos estudios sobre competencias profesionales en salud pública, y los programas de los participantes, para analizar las competencias profesionales de salud pública, los contenidos y las recomendaciones para mejorar los programas de salud pública. Cada grupo trabajó sobre un grado y se compartieron los resultados. Resultados Se identificaron competencias profesionales para las tres funciones esenciales de salud pública en todas las titulaciones excepto en magisterio, óptica y optometría, y trabajo social. En enfermería, magisterio, nutrición humana y dietética, y trabajo social, se rescribieron competencias para destacar el papel de cada profesional en las funciones de salud pública. Los grupos coincidieron en los temas de introducción (conceptos fundamentales y determinantes de la salud) y en las estrategias de intervención. Conclusión Se identifican competencias y contenidos comunes en los grados. La actualización de contenidos de salud pública contribuiría a definir y visibilizar el perfil salubrista de los distintos profesionales(AU)

Objective To identify fundamental public health competencies and contents in nursing, pharmacy, teaching, medicine, human nutrition and dietetics, optics and optometry, labor relations and human resources, and social work in graduate programs and to formulate proposals for their improvement. Methods The workshop on Public health contents in graduate programs in the XXI Menorca Public Health School was organized as follows: eight groups were set up, coordinated by 37 Spanish university teachers participating in the workshop and selected through key informants and snowball techniques. Two studies on public health professional competencies and the participants’ own graduate programs were used to discuss public health professional competencies and contents and establish recommendations to improve public health programs. Each group worked on a particular degree course and the results were shared in plenary. Results Professional competencies for the three essential public health functions were indentified in all the degrees, except teaching, optics and optometry, and social work. Some of the competencies included in degrees in nursing, teaching, human nutrition and dietetics, and social work were rewritten to highlight the role of each type of professional in public health functions. The groups agreed on the introductory topics (basic concepts and health determinants) and intervention strategies. Conclusion Common competencies and contents were identified in graduate programs. Updating public health contents in graduate programs would help to define and promote the profile of public health professionals (AU)