ABSTRACT
A dimeric Cu(II) complex [Cu(II)2L2(µ2-Cl)Cl] (1) built from an asymmetric tridentate ligand (2-(((2-aminocyclohexyl)imino)methyl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and weakly coordinating anions has been synthesized and structurally characterized. In dichloromethane solution, 1 exists in a monomeric [Cu(II)LCl] (1') (85%)-dimeric (1) (15%) equilibrium, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies indicate structural stability and redox retention. Addition of phenylacetylene to the CH2Cl2 solution populates 1' and leads to the formation of a transient radical species. Theoretical studies support this notion and show that the radical initiates an alkyne C-H bond activation process via a four-membered ring (Cu(II)-O···H-Calkyne) intermediate. This unusual C-H activation method is applicable for the efficient synthesis of propargylamines, without additives, within 16 h, at low loadings and in noncoordinating solvents including late-stage functionalization of important bioactive molecules. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, postcatalysis, confirmed the framework's stability and showed that the metal center preserves its oxidation state. The scope and limitations of this unconventional protocol are discussed.
ABSTRACT
We report the rational design of a tunable Cu(II) chelating scaffold, 2-(((2-((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)methyl)phenol, Salpyran (HL). This tetradentate ligand is predicated to have suitable permeation, has an extremely high affinity for Cu compared to clioquinol (pCu7.4 = 10.65 vs 5.91), and exhibits excellent selectivity for Cu(II) over Zn(II) in aqueous media. Solid and solution studies corroborate the formation of a stable [Cu(II)L]+ monocationic species at physiological pH values (7.4). Its action as an antioxidant was tested in ascorbate, tau, and human prion protein assays, which reveal that Salpyran prevents the formation of reactive oxygen species from the binary Cu(II)/H2O2 system, demonstrating its potential use as a therapeutic small molecule metal chelator.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Coordination Complexes/pharmacology , Copper/pharmacology , Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors , Antioxidants/chemical synthesis , Antioxidants/chemistry , Chelating Agents/chemical synthesis , Chelating Agents/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Copper/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , ThermodynamicsABSTRACT
We disclose a synthetic route that providess an unprecedented library of C1 salan ligands endowed with (N-H) backbones, previously limited to N-methylated backbones. Efforts to identify a generic complexation protocol to yield the corresponding Cu(II)-salan complexes demonstrate the scope and limitations of this approach.
ABSTRACT
The hybrid bidentate 1-(2-pyridyl)benzotriazole (pyb) ligand was introduced into 3d transition metal catalysis. Specifically, [CuII (OTf)2 (pyb)2 ]â 2 CH3 CN (1) enables the synthesis of a wide range of propargylamines by the A3 coupling reaction at room temperature in the absence of additives. Experimental and high-level theoretical calculations suggest that the bridging N atom of the ligand imposes exclusive trans coordination at Cu and allows ligand rotation, while the N atom of the pyridine group modulates charge distribution and flux, and thus orchestrates structural and electronic precatalyst control permitting alkyne binding with simultaneous activation of the C-H bond via a transient CuI species.
