A new four-dimensional chaotic system with rich transitional characteristics between dissipative and conservative.

The general form of the Hamiltonian function serves as the foundation for the creation of a new four-dimensional chaotic system in this study. We discover that the external excitation parameter d, the internal parameter a, and all initial values have a transforming influence on the system property. Additionally, the corresponding fractional-order chaotic system in accordance with the constructed four-dimensional chaotic system is proposed. It is found that as the order q rises, the system transforms gradually from a dissipative system to a conservative system. Multiple coexisting attraction flows based on the Hamiltonian energy magnitude are present in this dual-property chaotic system. The complexity analysis shows that the system has a high level of complexity. NIST test indicates that the chaotic sequences produced by this dual-property chaotic system exhibit good pseudo-randomness. Finally, a Digital Signal Processing-based hardware platform confirms the physical realizability of the system.

Adaptive Fast Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Three-Dimensional Chaotic System.

This paper introduces a novel three-dimensional chaotic system that exhibits diverse dynamic behaviors as parameters vary, including phase trajectory offset behaviors and expansion-contraction phenomena. This model encompasses a broad chaotic range and proves suitable for integration within image encryption. Building upon this chaotic system, the study devised a fast image encryption algorithm with an adaptive mechanism, capable of autonomously determining optimal encryption strategies to enhance algorithm security. In pursuit of heightened encryption speed, an FPGA-based chaotic sequence generator was developed for the image encryption algorithm, leveraging the proposed chaotic system. Furthermore, a more efficient scrambling algorithm was devised. Experimental results underscore the superior performance of this algorithm in terms of both encryption duration and security.

The lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory and inflammatory bowel disease.

Both lung and gut belong to the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), with huge surface areas exposed to the external environment. They are the main defense organs against the invasion of pathogens and play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, more and more evidence showed that stimulation of one organ can affect the other, as exemplified by intestinal complications during respiratory disease and vice versa, which is called lung-gut crosstalk. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in respiratory and intestinal diseases. It is known that intestinal microbial imbalance is related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this imbalance could impact the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and leads to the persistence of inflammation, however, gut microbial disturbances have also been observed in respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infection. It is not fully clarified how these disorders happened. In this review, we summarized the latest examples and possible mechanisms of lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory disease and IBD and discussed the strategy of shaping intestinal flora to treat respiratory diseases.

Study of a novel conservative chaotic system with special initial offset boosting behaviors.

Conservative systems are increasingly being studied, while little research on fractional-order conservative systems has been reported. In this paper, a novel five-dimensional conservative chaotic system is proposed and solved in a fractional-order form using the Adomian decomposition method. This system is dissipative in the phase volume, but the sum of all Lyapunov exponents is zero. During the exploration, some special dynamical behaviors are analyzed in detail by using phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponential spectra, timing diagrams, and so on. After extensive simulation, several rare dynamical behaviors, including completely homogeneous, homogeneous, and heterogeneous initial offset boosting behaviors, are revealed. Among them, the initial offset boosting behaviors with identical phase trajectory structures have not been reported before, and the previously proposed homogeneous phase trajectories are locally different. By comparing with the integer-order system, two influence factors that affect the system to produce completely homogeneous and heterogeneous conservative flows are discovered. Eventually, the circuit is built on the digital signal processing (DSP) platform to demonstrate the physical realizability of the system. The experimental results are shown by the oscilloscope and agree with the theoretical analysis.

Taxanes prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy.

Malignant tumor remains a huge threat to human health and chemotherapy still occupies an important place in clinical tumor treatment. As a kind of potent antimitotic agent, taxanes act as the first-line broad-spectrum cancer drug in clinical use. However, disadvantages such as prominent hydrophobicity, severe off-target toxicity or multidrug resistance lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic effects, which restricts its wider usage. The efficient delivery of taxanes is still quite a challenge despite the rapid developments in biomaterials and nanotechnology. Great progress has been made in prodrug-based nanomedicines (PNS) for cancer therapy due to their outstanding advantages such as high drug loading efficiency, low carrier induced immunogenicity, tumor stimuli-responsive drug release, combinational therapy and so on. Based on the numerous developments in this filed, this review summarized latest updates of taxanes prodrugs-based nanomedicines (TPNS), focusing on polymer-drug conjugate-based nanoformulations, small molecular prodrug-based self-assembled nanoparticles and prodrug-encapsulated nanosystems. In addition, the new trends of tumor stimuli-responsive TPNS were also discussed. Moreover, the future challenges of TPNS for clinical translation were highlighted. We here expect this review will inspire researchers to explore more practical taxanes prodrug-based nano-delivery systems for clinical use.

A novel non-equilibrium memristor-based system with multi-wing attractors and multiple transient transitions.

Based on the pure mathematical model of the memristor, this paper proposes a novel memristor-based chaotic system without equilibrium points. By selecting different parameters and initial conditions, the system shows extremely diverse forms of winglike attractors, such as period-1 to period-12 wings, chaotic single-wing, and chaotic double-wing attractors. It was found that the attractor basins with three different sets of parameters are interwoven in a complex manner within the relatively large (but not the entire) initial phase plane. This means that small perturbations in the initial conditions in the mixing region will lead to the production of hidden extreme multistability. At the same time, these sieve-shaped basins are confirmed by the uncertainty exponent. Additionally, in the case of fixed parameters, when different initial values are chosen, the system exhibits a variety of coexisting transient transition behaviors. These 14 were also where the same state transition from period 18 to period 18 was first discovered. The above dynamical behavior is analyzed in detail through time-domain waveforms, phase diagrams, attraction basin, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponent spectrum . Finally, the circuit implementation based on the digital signal processor verifies the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.

[Protective effect of Asarum polysaccharide on H1N1 influenza virus infection and expression of inflammatory factors].

In this paper, Asarum polysaccharides(AP) were extracted, and its composition was analyzed to study the activity against H1 N1 influenza virus in vitro and its intervention effect on mice with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. AP was prepared by the strategy of water extraction and alcohol precipitation, the content was determined, and its monosaccharide composition was analyzed. The cell Real-time monitoring system and Reed-Muench model were adopted to evaluate the antiviral activity of AP in vitro. And the mouse model of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was established in vivo to compare the efficacy of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Decoction(MXF) and AP. MXF group and AP group were treated with clinical equivalent doses of 1.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) and 0.077 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) respectively, once a day for 6 consecutive days. Real-time PCR was used to detect the relative expression of M gene of H1 N1 influenza virus and cytokines in lung tissue. The content of AP in Asarum was 25.22%, and the protein content was 0.8%. And the monosaccharide composition was identified as L-rhamnose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. TI values of Tamiflu, MXF and AP were 30.00, 8.06 and 10.33, respectively. Three different doses of AP could significantly reduce the concentration of virus in supernatant. Compared with the model mice, lung indexes of MXF group and AP group decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the relative expression of M gene decreased significantly(P<0.05). The relative expressions of IL-10 and IFN-γ were up-regulated to varying degrees, while the relative gene expressions of IL-1ß, IL-6 and MCP-1 were down-regulated to different degrees. In addition, AP could significantly enhance the expression of TNF-α(P<0.01). AP had a good anti-influenza virus activity in vitro, and could protect mice with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome by reducing the viral load in lung tissue, decreasing inflammation damage in lung tissue, and regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Compared with the prescription of MXF, AP had a better antiviral activity.

A New Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Composite Chaos and Hyperchaos Combined with DNA Coding.

In order to obtain chaos with a wider chaotic scope and better chaotic behavior, this paper combines the several existing one-dimensional chaos and forms a new one-dimensional chaotic map by using a modular operation which is named by LLS system and abbreviated as LLSS. To get a better encryption effect, a new image encryption method based on double chaos and DNA coding technology is proposed in this paper. A new one-dimensional chaotic map is combined with a hyperchaotic Qi system to encrypt by using DNA coding. The first stage involves three rounds of scrambling; a diffusion algorithm is applied to the plaintext image, and then the intermediate ciphertext image is partitioned. The final encrypted image is formed by using DNA operation. Experimental simulation and security analysis show that this algorithm increases the key space, has high sensitivity, and can resist several common attacks. At the same time, the algorithm in this paper can reduce the correlation between adjacent pixels, making it close to 0, and increase the information entropy, making it close to the ideal value and achieving a good encryption effect.

Isolation, purification, structural analysis and biological activities of water-soluble polysaccharide from Glehniae radix.

A new polysaccharide named GRP (Glehniae radix polysaccharide) was isolated and purified from Glehniae radix by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. GRP was homogeneous, with a molecular weight of 1.33×104Da, as determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography-refractive index detector analysis. Its structural characteristics were investigated and elucidated by methylation analysis, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on obtained data, GRP was found to be α­d­glucan containing (1→6)-linked and (1→3)-linked backbone with a branch of one (1→6)-linked and terminal glucoses submitting at the C-4 position every fourteen residues. The biological activities of GRP upon proliferation of splenic lymphocyte, RAW264.7 cells and A549 cell, and production of nitric oxide (NO) were investigated in vitro. The results showed that GRP exhibited inhibition against A549 cells proliferation and NO production in RAW264.7 cells, and displayed promotion for proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes and RAW264.7 cells, which suggested that GRP may have potential immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.

[Action mechanism of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction for mice with influenza based on metabolomics information].

This study aimed to analyze the endogenous metabolite changes in the serum of mice infected with H1N1 virus after intervention by Mahuang-Xixin-Fuzi decoction (MXF) based on metabolomics method, investigate potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways, and explore the therapeutic mechanism of MXF through metabolomics technology. Thirty-six Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, model group and MXF group. Influenza virus H1N1 was used by nasal drip to establish influenza mice model. The mice in MXF group were orally administrated with MXF for 6 consecutive days after inoculation, and the other two groups were given with equal volume of saline solution in the same way. Body weight, rectal temperature, morbidity and mortality were recorded daily. Serum samples were collected 24 hours after the last administration for HPLC-TOF-MS analysis. The results showed that as compared with the normal group, the body weight and rectal temperature were decreased in model group, and their lung index and mortality rate were significantly increased (P<0.05); MXF had good therapeutic effects on the abnormity of body weight, rectal temperature, lung index and high mortality rate of mice infected with H1N1 virus. The original data collected from the serum samples were analyzed with R language, MPP, SIMCA-P and other software, and significant changes were found in 14 kinds of endogenous substances from mice serum (P<0.05). As compared with model group, the potential metabolic markers in MXF group recovered to normal levels to a certain degree after being intervened by MXF. Further analysis with MetPA data platform showed that, the pathways involved in 14 metabolites included glucose metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids metabolism etc. The metabolomics study and pharmacological experiment showed that MXF might play a role of efficacy by improving glucose metabolism, regulating arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolic pathways.

Nortirucallane A, a new tirucallane-type nortriterpenoid isolated from Lonicerae japonicae flos.

One new tirucallane-type nortriterpenoid Nortirucallane A (1), together with Chrysoeriol (2) and Isorhamnetin (3), was isolated from the methylene chloride part of Lonicerae japonicae flos. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Compound 3 was isolated from the genus of Lonicera for the first time. The significance of 1 for the study of phytochemical taxonomy was discussed.

[Structural characterization of Glehniae Radix polysaccharides using partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry].

Water-soluble polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine have properties of complex structure and high molecular, resulting in hardly complete their structural characterization.However, a "bottom-up" approach could solve this problem.Glehniae Radix extract was extracted with hot water and then precipitated by 40% ethanol to obtain Glehniae Radix polysaccharides (RGP). Subsequently, a partial acid hydrolysis method was carried out and the effects of acid concentration, time and temperature on hydrolysis were investigated. Under the optimum hydrolysis condition (1.5 mol•L⁻¹ trifluoroacetic acid, 4 h, and 80 ℃), RGP were hydrolyzed to characteristic oligosaccharide fragments. Futher, a hydrophilic liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry method was used for the separation and structural characterization of the polysaccharide hydrolysates. According to MS and MS/MS analysis of several standard disaccharides, a method for determining the type of polysaccharide glycosidic linkage by mass spectrometry was established. The results showed that the polysaccharide hydrolysates were linear glucan containing 1, 4-glycosidic bonds. And gluco-oligosaccharides with the degrees of polymerization (DP) of 4-11 were obtained after partial acid hydrolysis.