ABSTRACT
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has potentially conflicting roles in health and disease. COVID-19 coronavirus binds to human cells via ACE2 receptor, which is expressed on almost all body organs. Boosting the ACE2 receptor levels on heart and lung cells may provide more cellular enter to virus thereby worsening the infection. Therefore, among the drug targets, ACE2 is suggested as a vital target of COVID-19 therapy. This hypothesis is based on the protective role of the drugs acting on ACE2. Therefore, this review discusses the impact and challenges of using ACE2 as a target in the current therapy of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/antagonists & inhibitors , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives , Adenosine Monophosphate/chemistry , Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism , Adenosine Monophosphate/therapeutic use , Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Alanine/chemistry , Alanine/metabolism , Alanine/therapeutic use , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/metabolism , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Azithromycin/chemistry , Azithromycin/metabolism , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , COVID-19/virology , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/chemistry , Hydroxychloroquine/metabolism , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Vitamin D/chemistry , Vitamin D/metabolism , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Drug TreatmentABSTRACT
The aim of this study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of erdosteine against gamma radiation-induced renal lesions in male albino rats. Twenty-eight albino rats were divided into four equal groups as follows: control group, irradiated group (animals subjected to whole-body gamma irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy), treated group (each rat received 100 mg/kg body weight once daily, orally by gastric tube, erdosteine for 1 week), and treated irradiated group (each rat received 100 mg/kg body weight once daily, orally by gastric tube, erdosteine for 1 week, then exposed to whole-body gamma irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy). The results revealed that the administration of erdosteine to rats before irradiation significantly ameliorated the changes occurred in kidney function (creatinine and urea) compared with irradiated group. Also the changes in serum tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1ß, and interleukin 6 activities were markedly improved compared with the corresponding values of irradiated group. Kidney catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and reduced glutathione concentration showed approximately normal level when compared with the irradiated group. The histopathological results showed distinctive pattern of renal lesions in irradiated group, while in treated irradiated group the renal tissues showed relatively well-preserved architecture. Erdosteine acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent or ameliorate the toxic effects of gamma irradiation as shown in the biochemical and histopathological changes and might provide substantial protection against radiation-induced inflammatory damage.
Subject(s)
Expectorants/pharmacology , Gamma Rays/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Thioglycolates/pharmacology , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Animals , Cytokines/blood , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation/radiation effects , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Male , RatsABSTRACT
Ruptured uterus is a grave obstetric complication, associated with high maternal mortality and morbidity, perinatal mortality and loss of future fertility as hysterectomy is inevitable in many cases. This study reviews the incidence, causes and other factors, to define problem areas and propose preventive measures. During 1979-1988, 126 cases of ruptured uterus occurred in 46,207 deliveries; these 126 cases were retrospectively analyzed in relation to causes, age, parity, maternal mortality and morbidity, perinatal mortality and management. Some of the results were compared with other authors. The incidence was 1/367 (2.7/1000 deliveries), traumatic rupture accounted for 42.86% while spontaneous rupture accounted for 57.14%. Maternal mortality was 21.43% and the perinatal mortality was 73.19%. Supravaginal hysterectomy, repair with sterilization and repair without sterilization were the selected lines of management. Proper quick diagnosis and prompt management will reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. Finally, recommendations to reduce the occurrence of this problem are proposed.
Subject(s)
Uterine Rupture/epidemiology , Adult , Egypt/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Maternal Age , Maternal Mortality , Morbidity , Parity , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Uterine Rupture/etiology , Uterine Rupture/mortality , Uterine Rupture/surgeryABSTRACT
PIP: Results of 78 postpartum laparoscopic sterilizations are reported with procedural comments. Because immediate puerperal laparoscopy is hindered by poor visualization and the danger of bleeding and infection, waiting until the fifth post-partum day is prefered. For insufflation, 50% more gas may be required due to abdominal elasticity. No uterine cannulation was used. The incision for the laparoscope trocar should be only skin deep, and the trocar should be introduced stepwise to avoid herniation. If the fundus is high, the Verres needle and laparoscope trocar should be introduced trangentially to the side of the fundus. Complications included: 2 severe hypotensions, 2 bleedings from broad ligament, 1 hematoma of the broad ligament, 1 omental protrusion through the wound, 2 uterine bleedings and 1 superficial thrombophlebitis.^ieng
