Functional Relevance of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Long Non-Coding and Circular RNAs in Cancer Angiogenesis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as subcellular structures limited by a bilayer lipid membrane that function as important intercellular communication by transporting active biomolecules, such as proteins, amino acids, metabolites, and nucleic acids, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These cargos can effectively be delivered to target cells and induce a highly variable response. LncRNAs are functional RNAs composed of at least 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins. Nowadays, lncRNAs and circRNAs are known to play crucial roles in many biological processes, including a plethora of diseases including cancer. Growing evidence shows an active presence of lnc- and circRNAs in EVs, generating downstream responses that ultimately affect cancer progression by many mechanisms, including angiogenesis. Moreover, many studies have revealed that some tumor cells promote angiogenesis by secreting EVs, which endothelial cells can take up to induce new vessel formation. In this review, we aim to summarize the bioactive roles of EVs with lnc- and circRNAs as cargo and their effect on cancer angiogenesis. Also, we discuss future clinical strategies for cancer treatment based on current knowledge of circ- and lncRNA-EVs.

Functional Relevance of the Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA Regulator of Reprogramming (Linc-ROR) in Cancer Proliferation, Metastasis, and Drug Resistance.

Cancer is responsible for more than 10 million deaths every year. Metastasis and drug resistance lead to a poor survival rate and are a major therapeutic challenge. Substantial evidence demonstrates that an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs are dysregulated in cancer, including the long intergenic non-coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming (linc-ROR), which mostly exerts its role as an onco-lncRNA acting as a competing endogenous RNA that sequesters micro RNAs. Although the properties of linc-ROR in relation to some cancers have been reviewed in the past, active research appends evidence constantly to a better comprehension of the role of linc-ROR in different stages of cancer. Moreover, the molecular details and some recent papers have been omitted or partially reported, thus the importance of this review aimed to contribute to the up-to-date understanding of linc-ROR and its implication in cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. As the involvement of linc-ROR in cancer is elucidated, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote and advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.

La calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud oral, en el Centro del Adulto Mayor de San Isidro, Lima / Quality of life, related to oral healthcare, in the Elderly Center de San Isidro, Lima

Introducción: El mantenimiento de la calidad de vida es uno de los resultados más importantes de los servicios de atención. Varios planes respaldan la importancia de realizar su medición en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud oral, en los miembros de un centro del adulto mayor en Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una población de 1800 adultos mayores. La muestra estuvo conformada por 184 participantes. El instrumento perfil de impacto de salud oral (OHIP14sp) se utilizó para medir la calidad de vida en relación con la salud oral. La validez de contenido se realizó mediante un grupo de evaluadores y la consistencia del cuestionario se evaluó con la prueba alfa de Cronbach. Se resumió la información en porcentajes y se utilizaron pruebas de hipótesis de Fisher y chi cuadrado para identificar la relación de la calidad de vida con el sexo y la edad, y la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La calidad de vida de los adultos mayores fue mala en el 9,8 por ciento, buena en el 23,4 por ciento, y excelente en el 66,8 por ciento. Las mujeres (71 por ciento) tuvieron mejor calidad de vida que los hombres (58 por ciento). Se observó que a menor edad mejor es la calidad de vida. La mayoría de los adultos podían realizar sus actividades diarias salvo un 7,1 por ciento. La salud bucal no tuvo un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores en términos de malestar psicológico, limitación funcional y minusvalía, solo en un 61 por ciento, 49 por ciento y 17 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El impacto en la salud oral en Lima identificó como excelente o regular la calidad de vida en relación con la salud bucal de los adultos mayores concurrentes al Centro del Adulto Mayor de San Isidro(AU)

Introduction: Maintaining quality of life is one of the most important results of care services. Several plans support the importance of measuring it in older adults. Objective: To assess oral health-related quality of life in members of a senior center in Lima, Peru. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 1800 older adults. The sample consisted of 184 participants. The oral health impact profile instrument (OHIP14sp) was used to measure quality of life in relation to oral health. Content validity was performed by a group of evaluators and the consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha test. The information was summarized in percentages and Fisher's and chi-square hypothesis tests were used to identify the relationship of quality of life with gender and age, and Poisson regression. Results: The quality of life of older adults was poor in 9.8 percent, good in 23.4 percent, and excellent in 66.8 percent. Women (71 percent) had a better quality of life than men (58 percent). It was observed that the younger the age, the better the quality of life. Most of the adults were able to perform their daily activities except for 7.1 percent. Oral health did not have a negative impact on the quality of life of older adults in terms of psychological discomfort, functional limitation and handicap, only 61 percent, 49 percent and 17 percent, respectively. Conclusions: The impact on oral health in Lima identified as excellent or regular the quality of life in relation to oral health of older adults attending the San Isidro Senior Center(AU)

Pleuropericardial compromise associated with Graves' disease - a diagnostic challenge.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Myoepithelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder in a Pediatric Patient. A Case Report.

Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare pathological variant, usually expressed in salivary gland. This case report describes a case of pediatric myoepithelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder. A 4-year-old male patient was admitted to a specialized hospital in Lima, Peru for hematuria. A CT scan showed a tumor lesion in the bladder wall, and biopsy revealed myoepithelial carcinoma of urinary bladder. Six courses of chemotherapy + partial cystectomy + radiotherapy was completed. The treatment was defined based on the pathological variant and the tumor location. The patient is currently at 2 years of disease-free survival.

Study protocol and rationale of the "Cogni-action project" a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10-13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task. METHODS: PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12-13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) "Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training" (MICT), (ii) "Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training" (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task. DISCUSSION: The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered.

Comparison of muscle activity between subjects with or without lip competence: Electromyographic activity of lips, supra- and infrahyoid muscles.

AIM: This study compares the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles from the lips and hyoid bone in subjects with or without lip competence. METHODOLOGY: Two groups of 20 subjects each, with or without lip competence were studied. EMG activity of the superior orbicularis oris (SOO), inferior orbicularis oris (IOO), suprahyoid (SH) and infrahyoid (IH) muscles was recorded with the subject seated in the upright position during the following tasks: (1) at rest; (2) speaking; (3) swallowing; (4) forced deep breathing; (5) maximal voluntary clenching; and (6) chewing. RESULTS: EMG activity was significantly higher in subjects without competent lips than with competent lips in the SOO and IOO muscles during tasks 3 and 4, SOO during task 2 and IOO during task 6. EMG activity was similar in the SOO and IOO muscles during tasks 1 and 5, SOO during task 6 and IOO during task 2. Activity of the SH and IH muscles was similar in both groups for all tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Higher activity in subjects without competent lips implies a higher muscular effort due to the requirement of lip sealing during functional activities. Hyoid muscular activity was not modified by the presence or absence of lip competence.

Enfermedad periodontal y disfunción eréctil / Periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction

La enfermedad periodontal es una enfermedad inflamatoria destructiva crónica que afecta a los tejidos de soporte del diente y es una de las infecciones crónicas más prevalentes en los humanos con la capacidad de inducir la producción de citocinas proinflamatorias, interviniendo en la regulación de las respuestas inflamatorias que aumentan los niveles de IL-6 y PCR, que da como resultado la activación de las células inflamatorias y endoteliales, pudiendo dar lugar a disfunción endotelial.La disfunción eréctil se define como la incapacidad persistente de lograr y mantener una erección suficiente para permitir una relación sexual satisfactoria y puede ser una manifestación temprana de la arteria coronaria y de la enfermedad vascular periférica, por lo que debe considerarse también como una señal de peligro potencial de la enfermedad cardiovascular. El enlace entre enfermedad periodontal y disfunción eréctil aún está en investigación y la información es muy limitada. Existen factores de riesgo (tabaco, diabetes mellitus y enfermedades cardíacas) compartidos por la disfunción eréctil y la periodontitis crónica que contribuyen a la disfunción endotelial. El objetivo de la presente revisión es dar a conocer la posible relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la disfunción eréctil y las variables confundentes entre esta relación mediante una revisión de la literatura.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory destructive disease that affects the tissue supporting the teeth, and is one of the most prevalent chronic infections in humans. It can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, intervening in the regulation of inflammatory responses affecting the IL-6 and C-reactive protein, and finally activates inflammatory cells and endothelial cells. This can lead to endothelial dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse and can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease, and should therefore be considered also as a potential warning sign for cardiovascular disease. The link between periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction is still under investigation and the information is very limited. There are risk factors (smoking, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease) shared by erectile dysfunction and chronic periodontitis that contribute to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this review is to provide plausibility between periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction and confounding variables between this relationship through a literature review.