ABSTRACT
Age affects the production of secondary metabolites, but how developmental cues regulate secondary metabolism remains poorly understood. The achiote tree (Bixa orellana L.) is a source of bixin, an apocarotenoid used in diverse industries worldwide. Understanding how age-dependent mechanisms control bixin biosynthesis is of great interest for plant biology and for economic reasons. Here we overexpressed miRNA156 (miR156) in B. orellana to comprehensively study the effects of the miR156-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) module on age-dependent bixin biosynthesis in leaves. Overexpression of miR156 in annatto plants (miR156ox) reduced BoSPL transcript levels, impacted leaf ontogeny, lessened bixin production, and increased abscisic acid levels. Modulation of expression of BoCCD4-4 and BoCCD1, key genes in carotenoid biosynthesis, was associated with diverting the carbon flux from bixin to abscisic acid in miR156ox leaves. Proteomic analyses revealed an overall low accumulation of most secondary metabolite-related enzymes in miR156ox leaves, suggesting that miR156-targeted BoSPLs may be required to activate several secondary metabolic pathways. Our findings suggest that the conserved BomiR156-BoSPL module is deployed to regulate leaf dynamics of bixin biosynthesis, and may create novel opportunities to fine-tune bixin output in B. orellana breeding programs.
Subject(s)
Abscisic Acid , Bixaceae , Plant Extracts , Bixaceae/genetics , Bixaceae/metabolism , Abscisic Acid/metabolism , Proteomics , Plant Breeding , Carotenoids/metabolismABSTRACT
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important economic crop for both sugar and biomass, the yields of which are negatively affected by flowering. The molecular mechanisms controlling flowering in sugarcane are nevertheless poorly understood. RNA-seq data analysis and database searches have enabled a comprehensive description of the PEBP gene family in sugarcane. It is shown to consist of at least 13 FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like genes, two MOTHER OF FT AND TFL (MFT)-like genes, and four TERMINAL FLOWER (TFL)-like genes. As expected, these genes all show very high homology to their corresponding genes in Sorghum, and also to FT-like, MFT-like, and TFL-like genes in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis. Functional analysis in Arabidopsis showed that the sugarcane ScFT3 gene can rescue the late flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis ft-10 mutant, whereas ScFT5 cannot. High expression levels of ScFT3 in leaves of short day-induced sugarcane plants coincided with initial stages of floral induction in the shoot apical meristem as shown by histological analysis of meristem dissections. This suggests that ScFT3 is likely to play a role in floral induction in sugarcane; however, other sugarcane FT-like genes may also be involved in the flowering process.
Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins , Saccharum , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Flowers/genetics , Flowers/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein/genetics , Photoperiod , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism , Saccharum/genetics , Saccharum/metabolismABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o tempo de uso do smartphone e as condições de saúde relacionadas em idosos durante a pandemia da covid-19. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal com 237 idosos (≥60 anos) brasileiros, realizado entre junho e agosto de 2020. Responderam a um formulário on-line para obtenção das seguintes variáveis: perfil socioeconômico, condições de saúde e uso do smartphone. Análises bivariada e multivariada foram realizadas pelo programa SPSS, tendo como desfecho tempo de uso do smartphone. Resultados Do total, 69,2% (n=164) eram do sexo feminino, 48,5% (n=115) queixavam-se de dor cervical, 57,4% (n=136) tinham incapacidade cervical e permaneciam 6,2 horas por dia sentados na semana. Cerca de 54,4% (n=129) relataram aumento do uso do smartphone nos últimos meses, passando 4,2 horas/dia. Os idosos mais novos (p=0,038), não praticantes de atividade física (p=0,001), com avaliação de saúde boa (p=0,009) e maior tempo sentado (p=0,011) permaneciam mais tempo usando o dispositivo. Conclusão Devido ao uso do smartphone durante a pandemia da covid-19 associado a maior tempo sentado e ao sedentarismo alerta-se para as repercussões negativas na saúde física e mental dos idosos.
Abstract Objective To evaluate smartphone usage time and related health conditions in older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This is a cross-sectional study of 237 older people (aged ≥60 years) Brazilians, carried out between June and August 2020. An online form was used to obtain the following variables: socio-economic profile, health status, and smartphone usage. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed using the SPSS program with the outcome of smartphone usage time. Results Of the study individuals, 69.2% (n=164) were females, 48.5% (n=115) complained of cervical pain, 57.4% (n=136) had a cervical disability and remained 6.2 hours a day in the sitting position per week. Approximately 54.4% (n=129) reported increased smartphone usage in the past few months, reporting 4.2 hours of usage/day. Younger senior individuals (p=0.038), who did not practice physical activities (p=0.001), with good health assessment (p=0.009) and who spent more extended periods in the sitting position (p=0.011) spent more time using the device. Conclusion Considering the smartphone usage during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with more extended periods in the sitting position and a sedentary lifestyle, it is worth mentioning its adverse effects on the physical and mental health of older people.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os traços do ensino Nightingaleano na formação da enfermeira cearense. Métodos: este estudo histórico é de natureza qualitativa. A história cultural foi o referencial teórico e metodológico do estudo. As fontes primárias foram constituídas de documentos escritos, arquivados no Núcleo de Documentação Informação História e Memória da Enfermagem no Ceará e a entrevista oral teve a participação de três professoras enfermeira/egressas da Escola de Enfermagem São Vicente de Paulo-Ceará. A análise dos documentos escritos foi guiada por Luchese. Já os documentos sonoros apoiaram-se em Albert. Resultados: a Escola de Enfermagem São Vicente de Paulo teve influência da Escola Anna Nery, configurando-se com a adoção do modelo anglo-americano, sendo um desdobramento Nightingaleano, distinguindo-se do modelo americano apenas neste quesito: escolas funcionando anexas a hospitais, demonstrando um ensino que privilegiava estágios hospitalares. Conclusão: o estudo em questão avança na origem do ensino cearense e acredita-se que reconhecer essa premissa contribuirá para ampliar o olhar da Enfermagem cearense, assim como refletir seu papel, sua imagem, sua identidade profissional perpassada ao longo da história da profissão.
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los rasgos de la enseñanza Nightingaleana en la formación de enfermeras de Ceará. Métodos: Este estudio histórico es de naturaleza cualitativa. La historia cultural fue el marco teórico y metodológico del estudio. Las fuentes primarias consistieron en documentos escritos, archivados en el Centro de Documentación de Información, Historia y Memoria de la Enfermería de Ceará, y a la entrevista oral asistieron tres profesoras, enfermeras, egresadas de la Escuela de Enfermería São Vicente de Paulo, Ceará. El análisis de documentos escritos fue guiado por Luchese. Los documentos sonoros fueron apoyados por Albert. Resultados: la Escuela de Enfermería de São Vicente de Paulo fue influenciada por la Escuela Anna Nery, configurándose con la adopción del modelo angloamericano, siendo un despliegue Nightingaleano, distinguiéndose del modelo estadounidense solo en este aspecto: escuelas en funcionamiento adyacentes a hospitales, demostrando una enseñanza que favoreció las prácticas hospitalarias. Conclusión: el estudio en cuestión avanza en los orígenes de la docencia en Ceará y se cree que reconocer esta premisa ayudará a ampliar la perspectiva de la Enfermería en Ceará, así como a reflejar su rol, imagen, su identidad profesional permeada a lo largo de la historia de la profesión.
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the features of Nightingale teaching in the training of nurses from Ceará. Methods: this historical study is qualitative in nature. Cultural history was the theoretical and methodological framework of the study. The primary sources consisted of written documents, filed at the Center for Documentation Information, History and Memory of Nursing in Ceará, and the oral interview was attended by three professors, nurses, graduates from the Escola de Enfermagem São Vicente de Paulo, Ceará. The analysis of written documents was guided by Luchese. The sound documents were supported by Albert. Results: the Escola de Enfermagem São Vicente de Paulo was influenced by the Escola Anna Nery, configuring itself with the adoption of the Anglo-American model, being a Nightingalean offshoot, distinguishing itself from the American model only in this aspect: schools functioning adjacent to hospitals, demonstrating a teaching that favored hospital internships. Conclusion: the study in question advances the origins of teaching in Ceará and it is believed that recognizing this premise will contribute to broadening the perspective of Nursing in Ceará, as well as reflecting its role, image, professional identity permeated throughout the history of the profession.
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/history , Education, Nursing , History of Nursing , NursesABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade neonatal precoce e a assistência ofertada à mulher e ao recém-nascido em uma maternidade pública de Fortaleza, Ceará. Metodologia: estudo documental e descritivo, realizado em uma maternidade de Fortaleza. Procedeu-se mediante análise das fichas individuais de investigação de óbito neonatal precoce, notificados no serviço entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2018. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê da Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals, sob parecer 3.073.569. Resultados: no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2018, foram notificados 466 casos de mortalidade neonatal precoce. Houve predomínio de mães provenientes do interior, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, pardas e solteiras. A maioria era primigesta, gestação única, realizou menos de seis consultas pré-natais, teve parto vaginal, sem uso do partograma e com uso de medicações. Quanto às condições de nascimento dos recém-nascidos, a maioria apresentou baixo peso ao nascer e idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas. Conclusão: os resultados revelaram características determinantes da mortalidade neonatal precoce, as quais estão relacionadas à mãe e à assistência pré-natal, ao parto e ao recém-nascido.
Objective: to analyze early neonatal mortality and the care offered to women and newborns in a public maternity hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará. Methodology: it is a documentary and descriptive study, conducted in a maternity hospital in Fortaleza. An analyze of the individuals records of investigate early neonatal death notified in the service between January 2014 and December 2018 was carried out. Data were statistically analyzed in a software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Dr. César Cals General Hospital, under opinion 3,073,569. Results: from January 2014 to December 2018, 466 cases of early neonatal mortality were reported. There was a predominance of mothers form the countryside, aged between 18 and 24 years old, brown and single. Most were primigravida, single pregnancy, performed less than six prenatal consultations, had vaginal delivery, without partogram and medication. Regarding the conditions of birth of newborns, most have low birth weight and gestational age less than 37 weeks. Conclusion: the results revealed determining characteristics of early neonatal mortality, such as those related to mother and prenatal care, delivery and newborn.
