The enhancement effect of n-Fe3O4 on methyl orange reduction by nitrogen-fixing bacteria consortium.

Although the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes is ecofriendly, high ammonia consumption remains a significant challenge. This work enriched a mixed nitrogen-fixing bacteria consortium (NFBC) using n-Fe3O4 to promote the anaerobic reduction of methyl orange (MO) without exogenous nitrogen. The enriched NFBC was dominated by Klebsiella (80.77 %) and Clostridium (17.16 %), and achieved a 92.7 % reduction of MO with an initial concentration of 25 mg·L-1. Compared with the control, the consortium increased the reduction efficiency of MO, cytochrome c content, and electron transport system (ETS) activity by 11.86 %, 89.86 %, and 58.49 %, respectively. When using 2.5 g·L-1 n-Fe3O4, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of NFBC were present in a concentration of 85.35 mg·g-1. The specific reduction rates of MO by NFBC were 2.26 and 3.30 times faster than those of Fe(II) and Fe(III), respectively, while the enrichment factor of the ribosome pathway in NFBC exceeded 0.75. Transcriptome, carbon consumption, and EPS analyses suggested that n-Fe3O4 stimulated carbon metabolism and secreted protein synthesized by the mixed culture. The latter occurred due to the increased activity of consortium and the content of redox substances. These findings demonstrate that n-Fe3O4 promoted the efficiency of mixed nitrogen-fixing bacteria for removing azo dyes from wastewater. This innovative approach highlights the potential of integrating nanomaterials with biological systems to effectively address complex pollution challenges.

Inhibition of K63 ubiquitination by G-Protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) regulates mitochondria-associated translation.

G-Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GPS2) is an inhibitor of non-proteolytic K63 ubiquitination mediated by the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13. Previous studies have associated GPS2-mediated restriction of ubiquitination with the regulation of insulin signaling, inflammatory responses and mitochondria-nuclear communication across different tissues and cell types. However, a detailed understanding of the targets of GPS2/Ubc13 activity is lacking. Here, we have dissected the GPS2-regulated K63 ubiquitome in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human breast cancer cells, unexpectedly finding an enrichment for proteins involved in RNA binding and translation on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Validation of selected targets of GPS2-mediated regulation, including the RNA-binding protein PABPC1 and translation factors RPS1, RACK1 and eIF3M, revealed a mitochondrial-specific strategy for regulating the translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins via non-proteolytic ubiquitination. Removal of GPS2-mediated inhibition, either via genetic deletion or stress-induced nuclear translocation, promotes the import-coupled translation of selected mRNAs leading to the increased expression of an adaptive antioxidant program. In light of GPS2 role in nuclear-mitochondria communication, these findings reveal an exquisite regulatory network for modulating mitochondrial gene expression through spatially coordinated transcription and translation.

Plastic particles and fluorescent brightener co-modify Chlorella pyrenoidosa photosynthesis and a machine learning approach predict algae growth.

Global release of plastics exerts various impacts on the ecological cycle, particularly on primary photosynthesis, while the impacts of plastic additives are unknown. As a carrier of fluorescent brightener, plastic particles co-modify Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) growth and its photosynthetic parameters. In general, adding to the oxidative damage induced by polystyrene, fluorescent brightener-doped polystyrene produces stronger visible light and the amount of negative charge is more likely to cause photodamage in C. pyrenoidosa leading to higher energy dissipation through conditioning than in the control group with a date of ETR (II) inhibition rate of 33 %, Fv/Fm inhibition rate of 8.3 % and Pm inhibition rate of 48.8 %. To elucidate the ecological effect of fluorescent brightener doping in plastic particles, a machine learning method is performed to establish a Gradient Boosting Machine model for predicting the impact of environmental factors on algal growth. Upon validation, the model achieved an average fitting degree of 88 %. Relative concentration of plastic particles and algae claimed the most significant factor by interpretability analysis of the machine learning. Additionally, both Gradient Boosting Machine prediction and experimental results indicate a matching result that plastic additives have an inhibitive effect on algal growth.

Supramolecular Channels Assembled within Intercellular Gaps.

Tubular structures exist broadly in biological systems and exhibit important functions including mediating cellular communications. The construction of artificial analogues in living cells would provide a new strategy for chemotherapy. In this report, a kind of supramolecular channel has been constructed within intercellular gaps by mimicking the assembly process and structure of natural gap junctional channels, which consist of hydrophobic tubular modules located in the adjacent cell membranes and hydrophilic modules within the extracellular space. The assembly of the channels was driven by electrostatic interactions. The channels could inhibit tumor cell invasion by preventing cell migration.

Construction of cationic meso-thiazolium-BODIPY AIE fluorescent probes for viscosity imaging in dual organelles.

Two new cationic meso-thiazolium-BODIPY-based water-soluble and red-shifted fluorescent probes were constructed for the first time. They can monitor cellular viscosity in dual organelles and show aggregation-induced emission (AIE), which is ascribed to the efficient restricted rotation of meso-thiazolium in viscous or hindered systems. Probe 3 with an N-benzyl group shows better AIE as compared to probe 2 with an N-methyl group.

The concentrations and behavior of classic phthalates and emerging phthalate alternatives in different environmental matrices and their biological health risks.

Because of their excellent plasticity, phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used in plastic products. However, due to the recognized toxicity of PAEs and legislative requirements, the production and use of emerging PAE alternatives have rapidly grown, such as di-isononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) which are the primary replacements for classic PAEs. Nowadays, PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are frequently found in a variety of environmental media, including the atmosphere, sludge, rivers, and seawater/sediment. PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are involved in endocrine-disrupting effects, and they affect the reproductive physiology of different species of fish and mammals. Therefore, their presence in the environment is of considerable concern due to their potential effects on ecosystem function and public health. Nevertheless, current research on the prevalence, destiny, and conduct of PAEs in the environment has primarily focused on classic PAEs, with little attention given to emerging PAE alternatives. The present article furnishes a synopsis of the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, transport, fate, and adverse effects of both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives on organisms in the ecosystem. Our analysis reveals that both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are widely distributed in all environmental media, with emerging PAE alternatives increasingly replacing classic PAEs. Various pathways can transform and degrade both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives, and their own and related metabolites can have toxic effects on organisms. This research offers a more extensive comprehension of the health hazards associated with classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives.

Predicting the epidemiological trend of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in China using Bayesian structural time-series model.

This study aims to explore the application value of the Bayesian Time Structure Sequence (BSTS) model in estimating the acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) epidemics. The reported AHC cases spanning from January 2011 to October 2022 in China were collated. Utilizing R software, the BSTS and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were constructed using the data from January 2011 to December 2021. The prediction effect of both models was compared using the data from January to October 2022, and finally the AHC incidence from November 2022 to December 2023 was predicted. The results indicated that forecast errors under the BSTS model were lower than those under the ARIMA model. The actual AHC incidence in July 2022 from the ARIMA model deviated from the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the predicted value. However, the observed AHC incidence from the BSTS model fell within the 95% CI of the predicted value. Notably, the BSTS model predicted 26,474 new AHC cases in China from November 2022 to December 2023, exhibiting better prediction performance compared to the ARIMA model. This indicates that the BSTS model possesses a high application value for forecasting the epidemic trends of AHC, making it a valuable tool for disease surveillance and prevention strategies.

[Multi Scenario Carbon Peak Prediction and Emission Reduction Path Analysis of Xi'an Hi-tech Zone].

The fifth session of the 13th National People's Congress proposed to be committed to promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, promoting the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation of the economy and society and achieving high-quality development. As an important scientific and technological innovation and industrial cluster in Shaanxi Province, the economic development of the Xi'an Hi-tech Zone largely relies on energy consumption, making the task of carbon reduction particularly challenging. Firstly, taking the Xi'an Hi-tech Zone as the research object, through systematic accounting of carbon emissions within the park, we analyzed the current carbon emission status of enterprises in different energy types and industries. Then, using the Kaya model, multiple independent carbon peak scenarios were set up to predict the total carbon emissions and peak time under different scenarios. Finally, based on the development characteristics of the Xi'an Hi-tech Zone, we scientifically selected corresponding carbon emission reduction paths and provided reasonable emission reduction suggestions. The results showed that the proportion of carbon emissions consumed by electricity was currently the highest, and the share was increasing yearly. Industrial carbon emissions had always been dominant, and the development of the tertiary industry was becoming increasingly prosperous. In the scenario prediction, the carbon emission factor scenario, energy intensity scenario, and economic level scenario could reach the carbon peak by 2030. Among them, the economic development level had the greatest impact on the peak and time of the future carbon peak in the Xi'an Hi-tech Zone, whereas the industrial structure scenario, energy source structure scenario, and population size scenario had no peak before 2030. The future emission reduction path mainly started from decarbonization of the power sector, stable and high-quality economic development, green upgrading of energy and industrial structure, and building a green transportation system. This can reserve more preparation time for achieving carbon neutrality and provide decision-making reference for the low-carbon development of industrial parks in China.

Nanosecond-pulsed plasma protects against bacterial fruit blotch and promotes melon seedling growth.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), known as the 'cancer' of cucurbits, is a seed-borne disease of melons caused by Acidovorax citrulli. Traditional chemical treatments for BFB are ineffective and adversely affect the environment. Using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) nanosecond-pulsed plasma technology, melon seeds were treated to promote germination and growth and to control BFB. RESULTS: Based on the evaluation parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, leaf yellowing and bacterial infection after seed plasma treatments, 9 min at 20 kV was selected as the optimal plasma discharge parameter. In this study, seedling growth was significantly improved after treating melon seeds carrying A. citrulli using this discharge parameter. The number of first true leaves measured on the eighth day was 2.3 times higher and the disease index was reduced by 60.5% compared to the control group. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared measurements show that plasma treatments penetrate the seed coat and denature polysaccharides and proteins in the seed kernel, affecting their growth and sterilization properties. CONCLUSION: Pre-sowing treatment of melon seeds carrying A. citrulli using nanosecond-pulsed plasma technology can effectively control seedling BFB disease and promote melon seedling growth by optimizing DBD parameters. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Advances in spatial transcriptomics and its applications in cancer research.

Malignant tumors have increasing morbidity and high mortality, and their occurrence and development is a complicate process. The development of sequencing technologies enabled us to gain a better understanding of the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms in tumors. In recent years, the spatial transcriptomics sequencing technologies have been developed rapidly and allow the quantification and illustration of gene expression in the spatial context of tissues. Compared with the traditional transcriptomics technologies, spatial transcriptomics technologies not only detect gene expression levels in cells, but also inform the spatial location of genes within tissues, cell composition of biological tissues, and interaction between cells. Here we summarize the development of spatial transcriptomics technologies, spatial transcriptomics tools and its application in cancer research. We also discuss the limitations and challenges of current spatial transcriptomics approaches, as well as future development and prospects.

The Effect of Physical Therapy on Somatosensory Tinnitus.

Objective: The objective of this work was to assess the effect of physical therapy in patients with somatosensory tinnitus (ST) and explore the influence of physical therapy on clinical variables obtained before treatment. Methods: A total of 43 patients with ST were randomized to the immediate-start group (n = 20) and delayed-start group (n = 23). All patients received physical therapy for 1 week (seven sessions). Each session lasted 60 min. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) scores were documented at baseline and after treatment (week 1) for all patients. For subjects in the immediate-start group, the THI, VAS, and NPRS scores were measured after therapy (weeks 6, 9, and 12, respectively). Medical history characteristic functional activity scale (HCFA) scores were measured at baseline to assess the association between somatic symptoms and tinnitus. Results: At week 1, VAS, THI, and NPRS scores of patients in the immediate-start group were improved by 1.25 ± 1.59, 11.10 ± 15.10, and 0.95 ± 1.54 points, respectively, and were significantly higher than those in the delayed-start group (p < 0.05). The change in VAS, THI, and NPRS scores in the treatment group was significantly positively correlated with the scores of the HCFA before treatment (r = 0.786, p < 0.001; r = 0.680, p = 0.001; r = 0.796, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in THI, VAS, and NPRS scores among patients in the immediate-start group between weeks 1, 6, 9, and 12 after treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Although more participants were necessary in the further study, the study implies that physical therapy can reduce physical pain, improve tinnitus symptoms, and quality of life in ST patients without hearing loss, and the short-term curative effect is stable, especially for tinnitus patients with clear somatic symptoms.

Long non-coding RNAs as promising targets for controlling disease vector mosquitoes.

Hematophagous female mosquitoes are important vectors of numerous devastating human diseases, posing a major public health threat. Effective prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases rely considerably on progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of various life activities, and accordingly, the molecules that regulate the various life activities of mosquitoes are potential targets for implementing future vector control strategies. Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in mosquitoes and significant progress has been made in determining their functions. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the research advances on mosquito lncRNAs, including their molecular identification, function, and interaction with other non-coding RNAs, as well as their synergistic regulatory roles in mosquito life activities. We also highlight the potential roles of competitive endogenous RNAs in mosquito growth and development, as well as in insecticide resistance and virus-host interactions. Insights into the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in mosquito life activities, viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmission will contribute to the development of novel drugs and safe vaccines.

Let-7 microRNA targets BmCentrin to modulate the development and functionality of the middle silk gland in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

The silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori serves as a valuable model for investigating the morphological structure and physiological functions of organs. Previous studies have demonstrated the notable regulatory role of let-7 microRNA in the silk gland, but its specific molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated across different segments of this organ. In this study, we further investigated the functional mechanism of let-7 in the middle silk gland (MSG). The MSG of a let-7 knockout strain was analyzed using a combined proteomic and metabolomic technique, revealing the enrichment of differential proteins and metabolites in the DNA synthesis and energy metabolism pathways. BmCentrin was identified as a novel target gene of let-7 in the MSG, and its downregulation inhibited the proliferation of BmN4-SID1 cells, which is exactly opposite to the role of let-7 in these cells. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and transgenic technologies were employed to manipulate BmCentrin in the MSG. Knockout of BmCentrin led to severe MSG atrophy, whereas the overexpression of BmCentrin resulted in beaded MSG. Further measurements of these knockout or overexpression strains revealed significant changes in the expression levels of sericin protein genes, the weight of the cocoon and the mechanical properties of the silk. Investigating the biological role of BmCentrin in the silk gland offers valuable insights for elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which let-7 controls silk gland development and silk protein synthesis in the silkworm.

Comprehensive Investigation of the Temperature-Dependent Electromechanical Behaviors of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites.

The performances of flexible piezoresistive sensors based on polymer nanocomposites are significantly affected by the environmental temperature; therefore, comprehensively investigating the temperature-dependent electromechanical response behaviors of conductive polymer nanocomposites is crucial for developing high-precision flexible piezoresistive sensors in a wide-temperature range. Herein, carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites widely used for flexible piezoresistive sensors were prepared, and then the temperature-dependent electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties of the optimized CNT/PDMS composite in the temperature range from -150 to 150 °C were systematically investigated. At a low temperature of -150 °C, the CNT/PDMS composite becomes brittle with a compressive modulus of ∼1.2 MPa and loses its elasticity and reversible sensing capability. At a high temperature (above 90 °C), the CNT/PDMS composite softens, shows a fluid-like mechanical property, and loses its reversible sensing capability. In the temperature range from -60 to 90 °C, the CNT/PDMS composite exhibits good elasticity and reversible sensing behaviors and its modulus, resistivity, and sensing sensitivity decrease with an increasing temperature. At room temperature (30 °C), the CNT/PDMS composite exhibits better mechanical and piezoresistive stability than those at low and high temperatures. Given that environmental temperature changes have significant effects on the sensing performances of conductive polymer composites, the effect of ambient temperature changes must be considered when flexible piezoresistive sensors are designed and fabricated.

Is Fe the Most Active Site for Fe/N-Doped Graphdiyne?

We performed a systematic study on the activity of pristine, Fe-doped, N-doped, and Fe/N-codoped graphdiyne (GDY) for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). We found that the pristine GDY has a high overpotential because of the weak binding of the intermediates. The sp-hybridized N-doped GDY enhances the binding of the intermediates at the adjacent sp-hybridized C site, which greatly enhances its ORR activities with a low overpotential of 0.45 V. On the other hand, on Fe-doped GDY, the binding of the intermediates at the Fe site and its neighboring C sites becomes too strong, while the C site at the second nearest acetylene chain becomes the most active site with an overpotential of 0.43 V. In the case of Fe and N codoping, Fe and the C sites near Fe and N still bind the intermediates too strongly, and the most active site is located at the C with an optimal distance. The binding energy of OH* is an activity descriptor for Fe- and/or N-doped GDY. Based on the machine learning analysis of ΔG(OH*), both the properties of the active center (electronic and geometric properties) and its environment, especially the latter, play important roles in determining its activity. The scaling relation analysis and volcano plot suggest that Fe and N doping enhance the binding of the intermediates to different extents, and the C atom, which is bonded neither to N nor to Fe atom, with an optimal binding strength, becomes the most active site.

Determination of Pralsetinib in Human Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

BACKGROUND: Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is widely used for concentration detection of many Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), including afatinib, crizotinib, and osimertinib. In order to analyze whether pralsetinib takes effect in Rearranged during Transfection (RET)-positive patients with central nervous system metastasis, we aimed to develop a method for the detection of pralsetinib concentrations in human plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) by UPLC-MS/MS. METHODS: The method was developed using the external standard method, and method validation included precision, accuracy, stability, extraction recovery, and matrix effect. Working solutions were all obtained based on stock solutions of pralsetinib of 1mg/mL. The plasma/CSF samples were precipitated by acetonitrile for protein precipitation and then separated on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1×100 mm, 1.8 µm) with a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid (solution A) and acetonitrile (solution B) as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The tandem mass spectrometry was performed by a triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry system (QTRAPTM 6500+) with an electrospray ion (ESI) source and Analyst 1.7.2 data acquisition system. Data were collected in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) and positive ionization mode. RESULTS: A good linear relationship of pralsetinib in both plasma and CSF was successfully established, and the calibration ranges were found to be 1.0-64.0 µg/mL and 50.0ng/mL-12.8 µg/mL for pralsetinib in the plasma and CSF, respectively. Validation was performed, including calibration assessment, selectivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability, and all results have been found to be acceptable. The method has been successfully applied to pralsetinib concentration detection in a clinical sample, and the concentrations have been found to be 475 ng/mL and 61.55 µg/mL in the CSF and plasma, respectively. CONCLUSION: We have developed a quick and effective method for concentration detection in both plasma and CSF, and it can be applied for drug monitoring in clinical practice. The method can also provide a reference for further optimization.

Folate-PEG-PROTAC Micelles for Enhancing Tumor-Specific Targeting Proteolysis In Vivo.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology is rapidly developed as a novel and selective medicinal strategy for the degradation of cellular proteins in cancer therapy. However, the applications of PROTACs as heterobifunctional molecules are largely limited by high molecular weight, low bioavailability, poor permeability, insufficient targeting, and low efficacy in vivo. Herein, self-assembling micelles of FA-PEG-PROTAC are designed for cancer cell selective targeting and reductive-response proteolysis in tumor-bearing mice. FA-PEG-PROTAC is prepared by conjugating folic acid (FA)-PEG with EGFR-targeting PROTAC via a disulfide bond. The FA-PEG-PROTAC micelles, formed by self-assembling, are demonstrated to significantly improve tumor targeting efficacy and exhibit excellent anti-tumor efficacy in the mouse xenograft model compared to the traditional PROTACs. The strategy of applying self-assembled FA-PEG-PROTAC micelles in tumor therapy can not only improve targeted proteolysis efficiency but also broaden applications in the development of PROTAC-based drugs.

Amplification-Free Analysis of Bladder Cancer MicroRNAs on Wrinkled Silica Nanoparticles with DNA-Functionalized Quantum Dots.

Bladder cancer (BC) occurrence and progression are accompanied by alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression levels. Simultaneous detection of multiple miRNAs contributes to the accuracy and reliability of the BC diagnosis. In this work, wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs) were applied as the microreactor for multiplex miRNAs analysis without enzymes or nucleic acid amplification. Conjugated on the surface of WSNs, the S9.6 antibody was adopted as the universal module for binding DNA/miRNA duplexes, regardless of their sequence. Furthermore, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was labeled with quantum dots (QDs) for identifying a given miRNA to form QDs-ssDNA/miRNA, which enabled the specific capture of the corresponding QDs on the wrinkled surface of WSNs. Based on the detection of fluorescence signals that were ultimately focused on WSNs, target miRNAs could be sensitively identified to a femtomolar level (5 fM) with a wide dynamic range of up to 6 orders of magnitude. The proposed strategy achieved high specificity to obviously distinguish single-base mutation sequences and possessed multiplex assay capability. Moreover, the assay exhibited excellent practicability in the multiplex detection of miRNAs in clinical serum specimens.

Cathepsin B degrades RbcL during freezing-induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis.

KEY MESSAGE: Cathepsin B plays an important role that degrades the Rubisco large subunit RbcL in freezing stress. Programmed cell death (PCD) has been well documented in both development and in response to environmental stresses in plants, however, PCD induced by freezing stress and its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized freezing-induced PCD and explored its mechanisms in Arabidopsis. PCD induced by freezing stress was similar to that induced by other stresses and senescence in Arabidopsis plants with cold acclimation. Inhibitor treatment assays and immunoblotting indicated that cathepsin B mainly contributed to increased caspase-3-like activity during freezing-induced PCD. Cathepsin B was involved in freezing-induced PCD and degraded the large subunit, RbcL, of Rubisco. Our results demonstrate an essential regulatory mechanism of cathepsin B for Rubisco degradation in freezing-induced PCD, improving our understanding of freezing-induced cell death and nitrogen and carbohydrate remobilisation in plants.

[Network Meta-analysis of different Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine in treatment of acute heart failure].

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine injection in the treatment of acute heart failure. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and SinoMed were searched for the randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese medicine injection combined with conventional western medicines in the treatment of acute heart failure with the time interval from the inception to July 10, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. Stata 15.1 was used to perform network Meta-analysis. A total of 117 RCTs were included, involving 10 529 patients and 7 Chinese medicine injections: Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection, Danhong Injection, Puera-rin Injection, Xinmailong Injection, Shengmai Injection, and Yiqi Fumai Injection. Network Meta-analysis yielded the following results.(1) In terms of improving the total response rate, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) ranking was Shengmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Danhong Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenmai Injection + conventio-nal western medicine > Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine > Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine > Yiqi Fumai Injection + conventional western medicine > Puerarin Injection + conventional western medicine > conventional western medicine.(2)In terms of reducing brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), the SUCRA ranking was Danhong Injection + conventional western medicine > Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine > Yiqi Fumai Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Puerarin Injection + conventional wes-tern medicine > Shengmai Injection + conventional western medicine > conventional western medicine.(3)In terms of reducing N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP), the SUCRA ranking was Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Yiqi Fumai Injection + conventional western medicine > Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine > Shengmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine > Puerarin Injection + conventional western medicine > Danhong Injection + conventional western medicine > conventional western medicine.(4) In terms of improving the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), the SUCRA ranking was Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine > Yiqi Fumai Injection + conventional western medicine > Puerarin Injection + conventional western medicine > Danhong Injection + conventional western medicine > Shengmai Injection + conventional western medicine > conventional western medicine.(5) In terms of decreasing the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD), the SUCRA ranking was Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine=Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine > Shengmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Yiqi Fumai Injection + conventional western medicine > conventional western medicine > Puerarin Injection + conventional western medicine.(6) In terms of increasing the 6-min walk trail(6MWT), the SUCRA ranking was Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Yiqi Fumai Injection + conventional western medicine > conventional western medicine.(7) In terms of reducing the Minnesota heart failure quality of life scale(MLHFQ) scores, the SUCRA ranking was Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine > Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine > conventional western medicine.(8)In terms of safety, the group of Chinese medicine injection combined with conventional western medicine had lower incidence of adverse reactions than the control group. The current evidence shows that combining Chinese medicine injection with conventional western medicine treatment can improve the therapeutic effect on acute heart failure, with high safety. Due to the limited number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.