ABSTRACT
Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. is an aquatic plant species which belongs to the family Nymphaea and is commonly known as the yellow water lily. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro antiinflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Seven phenolic compounds including vanillic acid, 4-methoxy-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (2R,3R)-3,7-dihydroxyflavanone, naringenin (4), kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranoside), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranoside), and quercetin 3-(30 0-acetylrhamnoside) (7) were isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. These results revealed that compound 4 has the most prominent inhibitory effect on the LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, compound 4 also inhibited LPS-mediated induction of protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thus, compound 4 from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation-associated disorders.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Flowers/chemistry , Nymphaea/chemistry , Phenols/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Chemokine CCL2/genetics , Chemokine CCL2/immunology , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Nitric Oxide/immunology , Phenols/chemistry , Phenols/isolation & purification , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunologyABSTRACT
As autoras procuram, através de uma breve revisäo bibliográfica: observar quais as diretrizes gerais propostas para a pesquisa na área materno-infantil; identificar as pesquisas existentes em enfermagem materno-infantil e publicadas em três fontes bibliográficas, verificando em que área de predomínio se enquadram - assistência, administraçäo ou ensino de Enfermagem; e analisar que tendências as investigaçöes na área estäo seguindo
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Care , Maternal and Child Health , Research , BrazilABSTRACT
By way of a short bibliographical revision, these authors outline some general directives for research in the maternal-child area of nursing. They identify existing research projects in this area, which are published in three bibliographical sources. They depict the predominance of emphasis in these projects - be it nursing assistance, administration or teaching. The authors also analyse the tendencies that these current investigations seem to be following.