Effect of thermal treatment of illite on the bioavailability of copper and zinc in the aerobic composting of pig manure with corn straw.

The large amount of various types of heavy metals in animal manure applied to agricultural field has caused severe threat to the ecosystems of soil environments. In this study, the effect of thermal treatment of illite on the bioavailability of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the aerobic composting of pig manure with corn straw biochar was investigated. The objectives of this study were to characterize the variations in the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in the aerobic composting of pig manure added with illite treated with high temperatures and to identify the relatively dominant microbes involved in the formation of humus and passivation of heavy metals in pig manure composting based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. The results showed that in comparison with the raw materials of pig manure, the bioavailability of Zn and Cu in the control and three experimental composting groups, i.e., group I (with untreated illite), group I-2 (with illite treated under 200°C), and group I-5 (with illite treated under 500°C), was decreased by 27.66 and 71.54%, 47.05 and 79.80%, 51.56 and 81.93%, and 58.15 and 86.60%, respectively. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that in the I-5 group, the highest relative abundance was detected in Fermentimonas, which was associated with the degradation of glucose and fructose, and the increased relative abundances were revealed in the microbes associated with the formation of humus, which chelated with Zn and Cu to ultimately reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals and their biotoxicity in the compost. This study provided strong experimental evidence to support the application of illite in pig manure composting and novel insights into the selection of appropriate additives (i.e., illite) to promote humification and passivation of different heavy metals in pig manure composting.

Demand and influencing factors of "Internet + Traditional Chinese Medicine" home nursing service for older adult patients with chronic diseases: a mixed research perspective.

Background: In the context of global aging, the characteristics of chronic diseases seriously affect the quality of life of older adults. It is urgent to carry out continuous nursing basis for older adult patients with chronic diseases. In view of the remarkable efficacy of Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic diseases, this study may help to understand the demand for "Internet + Chinese medicine" home care service and its influencing factors of older adult chronic disease patients, and to provide a reference basis for improving the quality of life of the older adult chronic disease population. Methods: This is a mixed study. The quantitative study adopted the convenience sampling method, and a total of 308 patients in a third-grade hospital in Shaanxi Province were investigated by general data questionnaire, traditional Chinese medicine service demand questionnaire, traditional Chinese medicine knowledge questionnaire, older adult Chinese medicine attitude questionnaire, and home care demand questionnaire from March to April 2022. In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were adopted, and patients were interviewed until the content was saturated. Colaizzi analysis method was used to analyze and summarize the topic of the interview data. Results: 308 valid questionnaires were collected, and the patients scored (58.42 ± 17.16) on the demand for TCM nursing services, (59.86 ± 11.54) on the knowledge of TCM, (73.03 ± 9.11) on the attitude toward TCM, and (136.84 ± 46.39) on the demand for home care. The results of multiple linear regression showed that learning about the nursing service pathway, knowledge of general knowledge of Chinese medicine, and attitude toward Chinese medicine among the older adult and home care demand were the influencing factors of the demand for Chinese medicine nursing services for older adult patients with chronic diseases (p < 0.05). The results of the in-depth interviews were summarized into three themes: facilitating factor, hindering factor, and the "Internet + Chinese medicine" multiple needs of home care. Conclusion: Older adult patients with chronic diseases have a high intention of home care demand and they are affected by multiple factors. Consequently, the actual demand situation of older adult patients with chronic diseases should be used as a guide to provide directed and diversified Chinese medicine home care services to meet the individualized needs of the older adult.

Fluorescence Lifetime of Chlorophyll α in Oxidized Edible Vegetable Oil.

To promote the application of time-resolved fluorescence in oxidation determination of edible vegetable oil, fluorescence lifetime of chlorophyll α in oxidized edible vegetable oils was recorded and analyzed by simulated microenvironment experiments and spectral methods. It was showed that fluorescence lifetime of chlorophyll α decreased with the increase of polarity in the early stage of oxidation, and increased with the increase of viscosity in the later stage of oxidation. Conjugation effect and hydrogen bonding existed in the microenvironment of oxidized edible vegetable oil were considered to be the factors leading to the increase of fluorescence lifetime. The change mechanism of fluorescence lifetime in oxidized edible vegetable oil was supplied, which was considered to be strong support for the application of time-resolved fluorescence.

Novel antioxidant peptides in fermented pork sausage: Purification, characterization, and cytoprotective functions on Caco-2 cells.

In this study, crude peptides from fermented sausages inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum CD101 and Staphylococcus simulans NJ201 were initially separated by ultrafiltration and molecular-sieve chromatography. The obtained fractions with high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power values (MWCO-1 and fraction A) were used in Caco-2 cells to evaluate their cytoprotective effect on oxidative damage triggered by H2O2. MWCO-1 and A showed slight cytotoxicity. Increased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities and decreased malondialdehyde content were observed in the peptide-treated groups. Fraction A was further purified using reversed high-performance liquid chromatography. Eighty potential antioxidant peptides were identified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and fourteen antioxidant peptides were synthesized. SDEEVEH and FAGDDAPR showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, whereas ALELDSNLYR and QEYDESGPSIVHR presented strong ABTS+· scavenging activity. These peptides might have great potential for food and pharmacological applications.

Identification and Dissipation of Chlorpyrifos and Its Main Metabolite 3,5,6-TCP during Wheat Growth with UPLC-QTOF/MS.

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF/MS) technology was used to investigate the degradation and metabolism of chlorpyrifos during wheat growth by spraying plants with different doses of chlorpyrifos 7 days after the flowering and filling stage. We analyzed and identified chlorpyrifos metabolites in different parts of wheat in full-scan MSE mode, and established a chlorpyrifos metabolite screening library using UNIFI software. The results show that the residues of chlorpyrifos in wheat ears, leaves, and stems exhibited a decreasing trend with the prolongation of application time, and the degradation kinetics could be fitted with the first-order kinetic equation Ct = C0 e−kt. The initial residues of chlorpyrifos in different parts of the wheat were different, in the order of leaves > wheat ears > stems. The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos under field conditions is relatively fast, and the half-life value is 2.33−5.05 days. Chlorpyrifos can undergo a nucleophilic addition substitution reaction under the action of hydrolase to generate secondary metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP). The residual amount of 3,5,6-TCP in each part of wheat first showed an increasing trend and then decreased over time. It reached the maximum on the 3rd, 7th, or 11th day after application, and then gradually degraded. Considering that 3,5,6-TCP is a biomarker with potential threats to humans and animals, it is recommended that 3,5,6-TCP be included in the relevant regulations for dietary exposure risk assessment.

Peptidomics insights into the interplay between the pre-digestion effect of mixed starters and the digestive pattern of sausage proteins.

This work investigated the influence of mixed starters (Lactobacillus plantarum CD101 and Staphylococcus simulans NJ201) on the digestive pattern of dry fermented sausage proteins. The addition of starters resulted in a higher degree of proteolysis and looser protein conformation as evidenced by the decreased carbonyl content and electrophoresis bands intensity of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin, increased sulfhydryl content and surface hydrophobicity, and transformation of protein secondary structure from α-helix to ß-sheet and ß-turn. These changes induced by the starters acted as a "pre-digestion" step and improved the digestive pattern of sausage protein. The most remarkable improvement in gastric (33.98%-49.46%) and whole gastrointestinal digestibility (87.41%-94.57%) was observed on sausages of day 21. Comparative peptidomics analysis during digestion revealed that the digested peptides of the inoculated sample were more widely distributed throughout the 3D structure of the sausage proteins, namely, myoglobin, MHC, and creatine kinase M-type. More peptides were degraded in the rod region (780-1933) of MHC. The region was possibly expanded by starters. New bioactive peptides, including MNVKHWPWMK, FFL, and LLF, were released from the MHC and actin altered by the starters. This work highlighted the application of mixed starters as a potential tool to enhance the nutrition of fermented sausage.

Magnetic Luffa-Leaf-Derived Hierarchical Porous Biochar for Efficient Removal of Rhodamine B and Tetracycline Hydrochloride.

Luffa leaf (LL) is an agricultural waste produced by loofah. In this work, LL was used as biomass carbon source for biochars for the first time. After carbonization, activation, and chemical co-precipitation treatments, a magnetic lignocellulose-derived hierarchical porous biochar was obtained. The specific surface area and total pore volume were 2565.4 m2/g and 1.4643 cm3/g, and the surface was rich in carbon and oxygen functional groups. The synthetic dye rhodamine B (RhB) and the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) were selected as organic pollutant models to explore the ability to remove organic pollutants, and the results showed good adsorption performances. The maximum adsorption capacities were 1701.7 mg/g for RhB and 1755.9 mg/g for TH, which were higher than most carbon-based adsorbents. After 10 cycles of use, the removal efficiencies were still maintained at more than 70%, showing good stability. This work not only verified the feasibility of lignocellulose LL as a carbon source to prepare biochar but also prepared a magnetic hierarchical porous adsorbent with good performances that can better treat RhB and TH, which provided a new idea and direction for the efficient removal of organic pollutants in water.

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on antioxidant activity in fermented sausage.

This study investigated in vitro antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum CD101 and its effect on antioxidant peptides formation in fermented sausage. The antioxidant substances of L. plantarum CD101 were mainly distributed on the cell surface and extracellular secretions. L. plantarum CD101 affected the acidification and proteolysis during the fermentation. Combined with electrophoresis and peptide content analysis, these results indicated the effectiveness of the starters in promoting peptide formation, accompanied by a small change in antioxidant activities. Forty-four effective peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS. The masses of the peptides were less than 3 kDa, and their amino acid sequences were between 5 and 27 amino acids in length. Thus, L. plantarum CD101 may be beneficial to inhibit the oxidative rancidity of fermented sausage through its in vitro antioxidant activity, while effectively promoting protein degradation with a weak effect on antioxidant peptides promotion.

Influences of different dose of tirofiban for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.

Tirofiban is widely used in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This drug can efficiently improve myocardial perfusion and cardiac function, but its dose still remains controversial. We here investigated the effects of different dose of tirofiban on myocardial reperfusion and heart function in patients with STEMI. A total of 312 STEMI patients who underwent PCI in our hospital from March 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled and randomly divided into control group (75 cases, 0 µg/kg), low-dose group (79 cases, 5 µg/kg), medium-dose group (81 cases, 10 µg/kg) and high-dose group (77 cases, 20 µg/kg). The infarction-targeted artery flow grade evaluated by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) and sum-ST-segment resolution were recorded. At Day 7 and Day 30 after PCI, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left ventricular end systolic diameter, major adverse cardiovascular events and the hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia were also evaluated. After PCI, the rate of TIMI grade 3, CTFC and incidence of sum-ST-segment resolution > 50% of high-dose group were significantly higher than those of control group, low-dose group and medium-dose group (P < .05), and the CTFC of medium -dose group were significantly higher than that of control group, low-dose group (P < .05). Moreover, the LVEF, left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular end systolic diameter of high-dose group were significantly improved than those of other groups, and the LVEF of medium-dose group was significantly superior to that of low-dose group (P < .05). However, the incidence of major adverse cardiac events in high-dose group was significantly decreased, while the hemorrhage and incidence of thrombocytopenia of high-dose group were significantly higher than those of other 3 groups (P < .05). The tirofiban can effectively alleviate the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and promote the recovery of cardiac function in STEMI patients underwent PCI. Although the high-dose can enhance the clinical effects, it also increased the hemorrhagic risk. Therefore, the rational dosage application of tirofiban become much indispensable in view of patient's conditions and hemorrhagic risk, and a medium dose of 10 µg/kg may be appropriate for patients without high hemorrhagic risk.

Protein degradation and peptide formation with antioxidant activity in pork protein extracts inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus simulans.

This study focused on sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein degradation and the formation of peptides with antioxidant activity by mixed starters (Lactobacillus plantarum CD101 and Staphylococcus simulans NJ201). Gel electrophoresis indicated that the mixed starters can hydrolyze both sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins, and the concentration of peptides increased (P < .05). Compared with the control group, using mixed starters led to a significant increase (P < .05) in the DPPH radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity of sarcoplasmic proteins, but demonstrated no significant difference in myofibrillar proteins. Two hydrophobic fractions (C2, C5) separated by RP-HPLC in the inoculation groups with sarcoplasmic proteins showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity (66.60%, 60.50%). Eighteen peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS, which mainly arose from triosephosphate isomerase, creatine kinase M-type, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Hydrophobic amino acids accounted for a large proportion. Our results indicate that mixed starters affect proteolytic characterization and contribute to the formation of peptides with antioxidant capacity in sarcoplasmic proteins.

On-site sampling and sample-preparation approach with a portable sampler based on hollow-fiber/graphene bars for the microextraction of nitrobenzene compounds in lake water.

A novel on-site sampling and sample-preparation approach was developed and evaluated in the present work. In this procedure, hollow-fiber/graphene bars (HF/GBs) were used for sampling and sample preparation. A handheld battery-operated electric egg beater was utilized to support the HF/GBs and stir the sample solution to facilitate extraction at the sampling site. Four nitrobenzene compounds (nitrobenzene, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, and p-nitrophenol) were used as model compounds. Several factors affecting performance, including types and amount of graphene used and extraction and desorption times, were investigated and optimized in the laboratory. Under optimized conditions, the enrichment factors of the four nitrobenzene compounds ranged from 46 to 69. Good linearities of 0.01-10 µg/mL with regression coefficients between 0.9917 and 0.9973 were obtained for all analytes. The LOD of the method was 0.3 ng/mL. Satisfactory recoveries (98-102%) and precision (1.0-5.8%) were also achieved. The ultrastructures and extraction mechanism of the HF/GBs were characterized and analyzed. The proposed approach coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was successfully applied in the extraction and determination of trace nitrobenzene compounds in lake water. Experimental results showed that the approach is simple, convenient, rapid, and practical for routine environmental monitoring.

Isolation and identification of an exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacterium strain from Chinese Paocai and biosorption of Pb(II) by its exopolysaccharide.

UNLABELLED: Lactic acid bacteria isolated from various traditional Chinese fermented foods were screened for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). The strain 70810 from Chinese Paocai, which was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HQ259238) by morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA tests, was selected due to its highest EPS production capability (0.859 g/L) for further study. Biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by 70810 EPS was studied with parameters of initial pH, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, respectively. Maximum adsorption of Pb(II) was observed at pH 5, 30 °C, and 6 h, respectively. The adsorption capacity was also found to be dependent upon initial Pb(II) concentration and adsorbent dosage. Surface adsorption of the metal at surface of 70810 EPS was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra analysis indicated that some functional groups (for example, −OH, COO−, C=O, and −NH) of 70810 EPS were involved in Pb(II) biosorption process. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 can be used as a starter culture for the production of some fermented foods (for example, yoghurt or fermented soybean milk) and the production of EPS that can meet consumer's demand for products with low levels of additives. The EPS may be used as a potential biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal from environment and these fermented foods maybe have the potential effect to excrete lead from human body.