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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a complex etiology. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infiltration are associated with RA severity. We have reported the deletion of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) reprograms macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype by recovering G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. However, as more GRK2-interacting proteins were discovered, the GRK2 interactome mechanisms in RA have been understudied. Thus, in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model, we performed genetic GRK2 deletion using GRK2f/fLyz2-Cre+/- mice. Synovial inflammation and M1 polarization were improved in GRK2f/fLyz2-Cre+/- mice. Supporting experiments with RNA-seq and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a new GRK2-interacting protein. We further confirmed that fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), which promoted macrophage migration to induce angiogenesis, was inhibited by GRK2-PPARγ signaling. Mechanistically, excess GRK2 membrane recruitment in CIA MDMs reduced the activation of PPARγ ligand-binding domain and enhanced Flt-1 transcription. Furthermore, the treatment of mice with GRK2 activity inhibitor resulted in significantly diminished CIA pathology, Flt-1+ macrophages induced-synovial inflammation, and angiogenesis. Altogether, we anticipate to facilitate the elucidation of previously unappreciated details of GRK2-specific intracellular signaling. Targeting GRK2 activity is a viable strategy to inhibit MDMs infiltration, affording a distinct way to control joint inflammation and angiogenesis of RA.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of PDCA cycle on prophylactic use of antibiotics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy during perioperative period and to conduct pharmacoeconomic analysis. METHODS Using retrospective analysis method, 80 discharged patients of each group underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly selected from Hefei Second People’s Hospital before PDCA cycle (from May to June 2019), after the first round of PDCA cycle (from May to June 2020), after the second round of PDCA cycle (from May to June 2021) according to real or basic reasons for irrational drug use. The rationality of prophylactic use of antibiotics for patients was evaluated. The general situation, antibiotic use, clinical efficacy and treatment cost of patients were compared before cycle and after the first and second rounds of PDCA cycle. Cost-effectiveness analysis method and sensitivity analysis method were adopted to evaluate pharmacoeconomic significance of PDCA cycle. RESULTS After two rounds of PDCA cycle, the irrational rate of antibiotics, cost ratio of antibiotics, the number of days of antibiotics use, DDDs, drug utilization index, the frequency of antibiotics use per capita, the total amount of antibiotics, the cost of antibiotics, the total amount of drugs, and the total cost of hospitalization all decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that the pharmacoeconomic effect was the best after two rounds of PDCA cycle; the results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with it, which confirmed the reliability of the research results. CONCLUSIONS PDCA CPA- cycle promotes the rational use of antibiotics of laparoscopic cholecystectomy during perioperative period, reduces the cost of antibiotics and relieves the economic burden of patients.
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OBJECTIVE To provide reference for safe use of risperidone in clinic. METHODS Data mining and analysis of risperidone-related adverse drug event (ADE) reports from the first quarter of 2017 to the third quarter of 2021 in the United States FAERS database were carried out using reported odds ratio and composite criteria methods from Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. RESULTS There were 101 181 ADE reports with risperidone as the primary suspect drug,involving a total of 33 179 patients. Among those reports,the male-to-female ratio was about 6.21 to 1; most of them were <18 years old (15.01%); ADE was mainly reported by consumers (69.74%) and mainly reported by the United States (79.72%); oral dosage form was the most used,accounting for 83.71%. A total of 409 ADE signals were obtained,including male breast development, pseudogynecomastia,abnormal increase in body mass,hyperprolactinemia and Wellens syndrome,etc. Twenty-six systems and organs were involved,mainly including reproductive system and breast diseases,various injuries,poisoning and operational complications, mental diseases,metabolic and nutritional diseases,and various nervous system diseases,etc. CONCLUSIONS The common ADE signals of risperidone and the system involved are consistent with the instructions,but we should also be alert to the ADE not recorded in the instruction,such as Wellens syndrome,fibroproliferative endocarditis,cavernous degeneration of portal vein,rabbit syndrome,etc.
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Objective@#To construct a human G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( GRK2) eukaryotic expression system.@*Methods@#The primers were designed ,and the His-GRK2 target gene was amplified by PCR using the Pans-EGFP-GrK2 (full-length) gene as the template.The His-GRK2 target gene was connected to the pcDNA3.1EGFP eukaryotic expression vector. The pcDNA3. 1-EGFP-His-GRK2 plasmid was transfected into HEK 293T cells.48 h later,the expression of GRK2 protein was detected by Western blot,and the GRK2 protein was purified by nickel chelated magnetic bead method.The purification of GRK2 protein was detected by Coomassie bright blue staining and Western blot,and the activity of GRK2 protein was detected by His pull down. @*Results @#The results of double enzyme digestion and sequencing showed that pcDNA3. 1-EGFP-His-GRK2 eukaryotic expression plasmid was successfully constructed.Western blot analysis showed that the molecular weight of GRK2 protein was about 80 ku,indicating that GRK2 protein was successfully expressed in HEK 293T cells (t = 6. 433,P = 0. 003) .GRK2 protein was purified by nickel chelated magnetic beads.His pull down experiment results showed that GRK2 was bound to prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) ,suggesting that GRK2 protein had biological activity (t = 13. 5,P = 0. 000 2) .@*Conclusion@#The pcDNA3.1-EGFP-His-GRK2 eukaryotic expression plasmid was correctly sequenced and the GRK2 recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed.The GRK2 recombinant plasmid was successfully expressed in eukaryotic cells HEK 293T and the protein expressed was biologically active.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between prolonged PR interval and carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 537 middle-aged and elderly inpatients with T2DM in the Southern Branch of the Sixth People′s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to detect bilateral carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT). The subjects were divided into carotid atherosclerosis group(CAS group, n=352)and non-carotid atherosclerosis group(NCAS group, n=185). The difference in the PR interval of ECG between the two groups was compared. Pearson or Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for evaluating the correlation of PR interval and CAS lesions with various clinical index. The relationship between PR interval and CAS lesions was adopted by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:The average PR interval of middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM was(164.57±23.02)ms. The average PR interval in CAS group was significantly higher than that in NCAS group [(169.76±24.28) vs (154.70±16.42)ms, P<0.01]. The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum osteocalcin, and PR interval were independent factors influencing the development of CAS lesions in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM( OR=1.079, 1.936, 0.879, 1.039, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01)where each 1 ms increase in PR interval was associated with a 3.9% increase in the risk of CAS in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM( OR=1.039, 95% CI 1.006-1.073, P=0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients with PR interval≥158 ms were 4.072 times more likely to have CAS lesions than those with PR interval<158 ms( OR=4.072, 95% CI 1.417-11.702, P<0.01). Conclusion:The PR interval of electrocardiogram is correlated with CAS lesions in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM. Middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients with significantly prolonged PR interval should be reminded to screen for CAS lesions early.
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The therapeutic effect of nanoparticles is limited in solid tumors, especially desmoplastic tumors, because the tumor matrix hinders the delivery of nanoparticles. As the most abundant cells in the tumor stroma, tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) produce a dense extracellular matrix, which leads to higher tissue fluid pressure, thereby creating a physical barrier for nanoparticle delivery. Therefore, researchers focused on eliminating TAFs to combat desmoplastic tumors. In recent years, a series of methods for TAFs have been developed. In this paper, we first introduced the biological mechanism of TAFs hindering the penetration of nanoparticles. Then, the different methods of eliminating TAFs were summarized, and the mechanism of nanomedicine in eliminating TAFs was highlighted. Finally, the problems and future development directions for TAFs treatment were discussed from the perspective of the treatment of desmoplastic tumors.
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Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Carriers/pharmacokinetics , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/drug effects , Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Membrane Permeability , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Humans , Nanomedicine/methods , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the polymorphism distribution of lipid and drug metabolism-related genes of SLCO1B1 and ApoE in patients with cardiovascular disease of Han nationality in Anhui province, and to evaluate the benefit-risk ratio of individual use of statins. METHODS: PCR fluorescence probe technique was used to detect the genetic polymorphism of rs2306283 (388A>G) and rs4149056 (521T>C) of SLCO1B1 as well as rs429358 (388 T>C) and rs7412 (526C>T) of ApoE in 736 individuals diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases in the inpatient department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2019 to August 2020 were included. The distribution characteristics of SLCO1B1 and ApoE genotypes were analyzed according to the gender of the subjects, and the results of genetic polymorphism were compared with the data of cardiovascular disease patients in other areas of China. RESULTS: Six genotypes of SLCO1B1 had been detected. They were *1a/*1a (6.11%), *1a/*1b (29.08%), *1b/*1b (44.57%), *1a/*15 (4.08%), *1b/*15 (15.49%) and *15/*15 (0.68%), while *1a/*5, *5/*5 and *5/*15 had not been detected. Six genotypes of ApoE had been detected. They were E2/E2 (0.41%), E2/E3 (11.96%), E2/E4 (1.09%), E3/E3 (67.66%), E3/E4 (17.93%) and E4/E4 (0.95%). The frequency distribution of genetic polymorphism of these two genes satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium, which was representative of the population. In this study, the proportion of people with SLCO1B1 normal myopathy risk was the highest, accounting for 79.76%; SLCO1B1 had a lower proportion of people with moderate myopathy risk and high myopathy risk were 19.57% and 0.68%, respectively. The reduced risk, normal risk and increased risk phenotypes of ApoE were respectively 12.37%, 68.75% and 18.88%. There was no statistically significant difference in SLCO1B1 and ApoE genotypes beween gender. Compared with patients with cardiovascular disease in Southern China area, the distribution of ApoE genetic polymorphism was significantly different in Anhui. CONCLUSION: The SLCO1B1 and ApoE genetic polymorphism of 736 patients with cardiovascular diseases in Anhui were mainly normal myopathy risk types with higher dose tolerance of statins as well as popular genotypes that were sensitive to statins, and the application of statins has a lower risk of myopathy and a good effect on lipid reduction. The polymorphism of the two genes was not affected by gender, but the distribution phenotypes of ApoE might be different in regional characteristics. The detection of SLCO1B1 and ApoE genetic polymorphism is significant for evaluation of benefit-risk ratios, thereby guiding statins clinical treatment.
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Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been considered as a huge challenge to the effective chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies to effectively overcome MDR. Here, based on the previous research of -(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) polymer-drug conjugates, we designed an effective system that combined drug-efflux circumvention and mitochondria targeting of anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox). Briefly, Dox was modified with mitochondrial membrane penetrating peptide (MPP) and then attached to (HPMA) copolymers (P-M-Dox). Our study showed that macromolecular HPMA copolymers successfully bypassed drug efflux pumps and escorted Dox into resistant MCF-7/ADR cells endocytic pathway. Subsequently, the mitochondria accumulation of drugs was significantly enhanced with 11.6-fold increase by MPP modification. The excellent mitochondria targeting then resulted in significant enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which could further inhibit drug efflux and resistant cancer cell growth. By reversing Dox resistance, P-M-Dox achieved much better suppression in the growth of 3D MCF-7/ADR tumor spheroids compared with free Dox. Hence, our study provides a promising approach to treat drug-resistant cancer through simultaneous drug efflux circumvention and direct mitochondria delivery.
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Objective To understand the detection rate of hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and the occurrence of abnormal thyroid function in medical examination population in Huanghua City,Hebei Province.Methods Using the retrospective analysis method,the thyroid examination data of residents of Huanghua City who were examined in the Cangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Hebei Province from 2014 to 2016 were collected,the detection rate of HT and the occurrence of abnormal thyroid function were analyzed.Results A total of 4 413 people were examined,aged (45.76 ± 10.13) years old;including 2 099 males and 2 314 females.The HT detection rate of the medical examination population in Huanghua City was 6.55% (289/4 413),and there was a trend of increasing year by year (x2trend =7.126,P < 0.05).The difference in HT detection rates between different genders (male:2.86%,famale:9.90%) was statistically significant (x2 =89.077,P < 0.05);there was a statistically significant difference in the HT detection rates among women of different age groups (x2 =18.541,P < 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of HT among men of different age groups (x2 =8.424,P > 0.05).The incidence of abnormal thyroid function in HT patients was 25.61% (74/289),of which the highest detection rate was 34.74% (33/95) in the 40-< 50 years old group;the detection rates of HT with hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were 3.11% (9/289),6.57% (19/289) and 15.92% (46/289),respectively.The detection rate of HT with subclinical hypothyroidism was higher.Conclusions The HT detection rate of the population in Huanghua City has increased year by year,and some HT patients are associated with abnormal thyroid function,and their detection rate of HT with subclinical hypothyroidism is the highest.Early diagnosis of HT should be strengthened,and appropriate prevention and treatment measures should be taken in time to reduce the occurrence of HT with abnormal thyroid function.
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Objective To explore the effect of nursing support on negative emotion and quality of life in patients with brain tumor. Methods A total of 139 cases of brain tumor in Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital of Shandong University from September 2014 to February 2016 by convenient sampling , according to the random number table, they were divided into the control group and the intervention group. The patients in the control group were given routine discharge follow-up, while the patients in the intervention group were given emote team nursing support on the basis of the control group. We used anxiety self rating scale (SAS), depression self rating scale (SDS) and quality of life assessment scale (QLICP-BN) evaluation two groups of patients with anxiety, depression and quality of life level in the patients when they were discharged from hospital and discharged after 1 month, 3 months. Results Comparing the two groups of patients with anxiety and depression level and quality of life in the hospital, there was no statistically significant difference (t=0.187,0.174, P > 0.05);1 month after discharge, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively (62.97 ± 485), (63.83 ± 5.24) points in the intervention group, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively (64.58 ± 5.15), (65.17 ± 5.11) points in the control group, the difference is statistically significant (t=2.753, 2.321, P<0.05);3 month after discharge, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively(61.04±4.13),(62.25±3.95)points in the intervention group, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively(63.91 ± 4.73),(64.83 ± 4.29)points in the control group, the difference is statistically significant (t=4.621,5.196, P < 0.01); 1month, 3 months after discharge, the total quality of life scores respectively (65.28 ± 12.53), (68.71 ± 12.78) points in the intervention group, the total quality of life scores respectively (62.07 ± 11.27), (63.86 ± 12.13) points in the control group, the difference is statistically significant (t=2.439, 3.803, P < 0.01). The intervention effects and time effects of anxiety, depression and quality of life were statistically significant (W Mauchly's were 0.823, 0.782, 0.757, P <0.05). Conclusions Remote team nursing support can effectively reduce the negative emotions of patients with brain tumor, improve the quality of life, can be used in the department to promote the quality of clinical care.
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Objective:To screen the optimal formula and technology of demethoxycurcumin nano-structured lipid carriers. Meth-ods:The encapsulation efficiency as the main investigation index, the single factor exploration and orthogonal design were used to study the main factors affecting the quality of the nanoparticles. The optimal formula and technology were obtained. Results:The optimized parameters were as follows:the ratio of drug to lipid materials was 1 ∶40, the ratio of liquid lipid to total lipid materials was 10%, the amount of surfactants was 4% and the amount of lecithin was 2%. The prepared nanoparticles were spheric and regular. The size dis-tribution of the nanoparticles was narrow with the average particle size of 110nm and PDI of 0. 199. Conclusion:The optimized formula and technology of demethoxycurcumin nano-structured lipid carriers are stable and practicable,which provide reference for the further research of demethoxycurcumin.
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This review tried to find regular acupointselection in the treatment of cervical vertigo through literature search. Bibliometric analysis and data mining were referenced. There were a total of 42 relative articles, which cov-ered 86 acupoints, with thefrequency of 382. The acupointsselection of the highest frequency were GB20-Fengchi, EX-Jingjiaji, DU20-Baihui. It was concluded that study on the regular acupoint selection in the treatment of cervical vertigo providedbasis for rational clinical acupoint combination. It had important meaning in the standardization and research of cervical vertigo.
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Tetrandrinehasawiderangeofpharmacologicaleffectssuchasanti-inflammation,analgesiceffect,anti-tumor,anti-silicosis, lowering blood pressure and anti-arrhythmia. Up till now, only tablets and ordinary injections are on the market, which is hard to meet the clinical requirements. The paper reviewed the research progress in the new technology and dosage forms of tetrandrine to provide the basis for new dosage form development of tetrandrine.
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Objective To study the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in 2006 -2011 ,and to provide the evidence for treatment infection .Methods The isolated bacteria were identified and antibiotic sensitivity were tested by automated system in 503 Staphylococcus aureus collected from 2006 to 2011 .Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was screened by oxacillin disk diffusion .Results 503 strains mainly derived from secretion and sputum .The incidence of MRSA was 44 .9% during 6 years . Detection rate of MRSA was decreased year by year .The difference was statistically significant between 2009 ,2010 ,2011 and 2006 , 2007 ,2008(P<0 .05) .No resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin ,linezoiid ,vancomycin and nitrofurantoin was found .The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was below 30% to levofloxacin ,imipenem ,compound sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin ,above 80% to ce-fazolin and penicillin .Although the resistant to cefazolin ,levofloxacin ,imipenem was risen ,the resistant rate of rest antibiotics was downed year after year .Conclusion Monitoring of drug resistance should be strengthened .The antimicrobial therapy should be de-fined on the basis of drug-sensitive test in order to control the incidence of infection and to delay the growth of clinical resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus .
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Aberrant sialylation and altered sialyltransferase (ST) expressions are frequently found in many types of cancer. In this study, we examined the expressions of α 2,3-linked sialic acid residues and STs mRNA in human gastric cancer tissues. The relationship between the levels of α 2,3-linked sialic acid residues and the expression of STs mRNA was also analyzed. Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) specific for α 2,3-linked sialic acid was used for immunohistochemical staining. All gastric cancer tissues were positive for MAL staining, whereas adjacent normal tissues were negative. The extent of MAL staining was significantly correlated with the behavior of gastric cancer. The expression of STs mRNA was examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. The levels of ST3Gal IV and ST6GalI in gastric cancer tissues were significantly increased compared with those in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of ST3Gal I, ST3Gal III, and ST3Gal VI were not increased. Furthermore, the high expression of ST3Gal IV was closely related to the extent of MAL staining (P < 0.05) unlike that of ST6Gal I. These results indicated that gastric cancer tissues expressed high levels of α 2,3-linked sialic acid residues, ST3Gal IV, and ST6Gal I. The high expression of ST3Gal IV may contribute to the expression of α 2,3-linked sialic acid residues, which is associated with the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells.
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RNA, Messenger/analysis , Sialyltransferases/biosynthesis , Stomach Neoplasms/enzymology , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Adult , Aged , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , beta-D-Galactoside alpha 2-6-Sialyltransferase , beta-Galactoside alpha-2,3-SialyltransferaseABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of oldhamianoside Ⅱ on the invasive 'ability of prostatic carcinoma DU-145 cells,and to investigate the potential mechanism.Methods After treatment of DU-145 cells with oldhamianoside Ⅱ,MTT assay was used to test the effect of oldhamianoside Ⅱ on the cell proliferation.The invasive ability was assessed with a transwell cell culture chamber.Immunocytochemistry stain was used to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-2)and CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4).Results The proliferation of DU-145 cells was inhibited after treatment with oldhamianoside Ⅱ.In vitro invasion assay indicated that the cells moved through the membrane were(180.3 ± 14.6)/field in the control group,while decreased to(100.4 ±1.5),(80.2±2.7)and(60.1 ±5.3)/field in 0.25,0.5 and 1μg/mL oldhamianoside Ⅱ treated DU-145 cells respectively.Comparing to control group,the cells of oldhamianoside Ⅱ groups moved through the membrane were decreased remarkably(P <0.05).Immunocytochemistry showed that the expression of MMP-2 and CXCR4 were decreased of oldhamianoside Ⅱ groups.Conclusions Oldhamianoside Ⅱ can inhibit the invasiveness of DU-145 cells,which is related to the down regulation the expression of MMP-2 in DU-t45 cells.Oldhamianoside Ⅱ can inhibit the prostate cancer cells metastasis to the bone,which is related to the down regulation the expression of CXCR4 in DU-145 cells.
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A series of surveillance and management actions was taken to minimize out-of-plan re-operations. These actions include: 1) Building and completing the surveillance and management mechanism against unplanned re-operations; 2) Building a real-time surveillance and reporting mechanism; 3) Enhancing quality control and continuous improvement at the operating departments; 4) Enhancing the supervision on regulations implementation by quality control departments of the hospital; 5) Enhancing quality control for medical records; 6) Building a feedback mechanism for surveillance results; 7) Building a penalty and reward mechanism. Efforts for one year and a half on such surveillance and management proved successful, as the incidence of out-of-plan re-operations fell from 1.7% before these actions to 1.0% afterwards.
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Objective To study the expressions of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in liver injury of acute liver failure (ALF) in rats and the role of PD-1/ PD-L1 in liver inflammatory injury. Methods SD rats were divided into two groups: 6 in normal group and 30 in ALF model group. The ALF models in rats were induced by D-galactosamine (D-Gal). The sera and hepatic tissue samples were collected at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after D-Gal injection. Expressions of PD-1 mRNA and PD-L1 mRNA in hepatic tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Comparison of measurement data between groups was done by t test. Correlation test was performed using Pearson linear correlation analysis. Results The levels of alanine animotransferase (ALT) and aspartate animotransferase (AST) at 12 h of D-Gal injection were (217. 3±33. 7) U/L and (397. 2± 101.3) U/L, respectively,which were both significantly higher than those in normal group [(30. 5 ±3. 1) U/L and (78. 6±4.2) U/L, respectively; t=-8. 921 and -6. 121, respectively; both P<0.01] and peaked at 48 h.The expression of PD-1 mRNA in model group at 12 h (0. 385±0. 074) was significantly higher than that in normal group (0. 097±0.009) (t= -7. 725, P<0.01) , and peaked at 48 h (0. 927±0. 132),then decreased obviously at 72 h. The expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the liver tissue of normal rats was very little, while that in model group was increased gradually over time, then peaked at 48 h (0. 593±0. 105; t =- 10. 076, P<0. 01). The expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 were positively correlated with ALT level (r=0. 807 and 0. 792, respectively; both P<0. 01). Conclusion The expressions of PD-1/PD-L1 may play an important role in liver inflammatory injury in rat model of acute liver failure.
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Objective To investigate the antibiotic-resistant gene mecA and the prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-Ⅰ) gene in S. aureus. Methods A total of 74 S. aureus were collected from clinical specimens. The mecA, PVL and TSST-Ⅰ genes were detected by PCR.Results PVL gene was identified in 22 S. aureus isolates. The prevalence of PVL was 29.7% in S. aureus, 36.6% in MRSA and 21.2% in MSSA. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of MRSA was 55.4% in 74 S. aureus. The prevalence of TSST-Ⅰ gene was 6.8%. TSST-Ⅰ gene was not detected in MSSA.Conclusions MRSA strains show highly resistant to antibiotics. PVL- and TSST-Ⅰ-positive S. aureus are more pathogenic.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the biological characteristics and the expres-sion of stromlysin (MMP-7) and microvessel density (MVD) in breast cancer tissue and the effect of MMP-7 on MVD of breast cancer. Methods 60 fresh samples were obtained from patients with breast cancer,and then the ex-pression of MMP-7 and vascular endothelial cell CD34 were studied by means of immunohistochemical assay (SP method). The relationship between MMP-7, MVD and age, tumor size, histological type, lymph node metastasis and expression of ER, PR, PCNA, p53 and CerbB2 was studied. The relationship between the biological characteristics and the expression of MMP-7 and MVD in breast cancer were evaluated. Results The positive expression rote of MMP-7 in the d>2 cm group,the group with lymph node metastasis,the group with positive expression of PCNA, p53 and C-erbB-2 (78.1%,74.2%,71.8%,67.6% and 72.2%)were all higher than that in the d≤2 cm group, the group without lymph node metastasis,the group without positive expression of PCNA,p53 and C-erbB-2(32.1%, 41.3%,38.1%,38.5% and 33.3%) (P<0.05). MVD was higher in the positive breast cancer tissue of the group of d>2 cm(34.61±6.97), the group with lymph node metastasis (34.37±7.50), PCNA ( 33.24±8.39), p53 (33.28±8.94), C-erbB-2 (33.55±8.57) than in the negative breast cancer tissue of the d≤2 cm group ( 28.60±9.82), the group without lymph node metastasis (27.48±8.66), PCNA (26.88±7.89), p53 (21.71± 7.59),C-erbB-2(27.42±27.69) (P<0.05). MVD(33.62±7.36)/ high power lens in the MMP-7 positive group was higher than that (27.86±9.45)/high power lens in the MMP-7 of negative group(P<0.05). The posi-tive expression of MMP-7 was correlated with MVD (r=0.380, P<0.05). Conclusion The high expression of MMP-7 and MVD is associated with the development and metastasis of breast cancer. MMP-7 could promote the mi-crovessel development in mammary cancer.