ABSTRACT
Background: The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) is responsible for offering free assistance to more than100 million Brazilians, including treatment of oral cancer lesions. Considering that the Brazilian public systemaids the most vulnerable population, this study analyzed whether the origin of hospital referrals of patients withoral cancer is associated with socioeconomic factors.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from cancer hospital records of the National Cancer Institute (RHC-INCA), considering the primary locations (C00 to C06) diagnosed between 2016 and 2019.Data on gender, skin color (white and non-white), education (no schooling, incomplete or complete elementaryeducation; high school; incomplete and complete higher education) and origin of referral (SUS and non-SUS) wereanalyzed by multiple logistic regression (p<0.05).Results: Higher referral rates by the SUS were observed in 2017 (OR=1.27; 95% CI=1.098-1.480) and 2018(OR=1.28; 95% CI=1.101-1.490); no differences were found between the years 2016 and 2019. Regarding gender,men were 40% more likely to have the SUS as the source of referral (OR=1.40; 95% CI=1.233-1.600). Non-whiteindividuals were 34% more likely to have the SUS as the source of the referral (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.190-1.512). Illiterate individuals or individuals who only attended elementary school were 6.38 times more likely to be referredby the SUS than individuals with higher education (OR=6.38; 95% CI=5.228-7.796).Conclusions: It is concluded that the origin of hospital referrals via SUS of patients with oral cancer is associatedwith socioeconomic factors. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Neoplasms/therapy , Referral and Consultation , Socioeconomic Factors , Diagnosis, Oral , Health Services Coverage , Cross-Sectional Studies , BrazilABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic implied new biosafety recommendations to avoid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 virus within healthcare centers. Changes on recommended personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination protocols and organization of patient demand resulted may result in cost variation. Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the economic impact of new biosafety recommendations for oral healthcare assistance during COVID-19. An Activity Based Costing evaluation was used to calculate the acquisition of PPE and decontamination solutions recommended for dental practice during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. PPE and decontamination solutions quantity and frequency of use were based on the newly COVID-19 recommendations. Costs (in Brazilian Real R$) for biosafety recommendations pre- and post-COVID-19 were outlined and calculated for each patient, service shift and year. A sensitivity analysis considered 20% to 50% variation of direct costs. Previously to COVID-19 pandemic, direct costs of biosafety recommendations consisted of R$0.84 per patient, R$6.69 per service shift and R$3,413.94 per year. Post-COVID-19 costs of biosafety recommendations resulted in R$16.01 per patient, R$128.07 per service shift, and R$32,657.96 per year. Yearly costs can vary between R$26,126.37 and R$39,189.56. The annual budget increase necessary to adopt post-COVID biosafety recommendations was R$29,244.02. Newly biosafety recommendations increased significantly the costs of oral healthcare assistance during COVID-19 pandemic. Decision making of healthcare managers must consider rational and equity allocation of financial resources.
A pandemia da COVID-19 implicou novas recomendações de biossegurança para evitar a disseminação do vírus SARS-CoV-2 nos centros de saúde. Alterações nos equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) recomendados, protocolos de descontaminação e organização da demanda de pacientes resultaram em variações de custos. Com base nisso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto econômico de novas recomendações de biossegurança para assistência à saúde bucal durante a COVID-19. Uma avaliação do Custeio Baseado em Atividade foi usada para calcular a aquisição de EPI e soluções de descontaminação recomendadas para a prática odontológica durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. A quantidade e a frequência de uso de EPI e das soluções de descontaminação foram baseadas nas novas recomendações da COVID-19. Os custos (em Reais Brasileiros R$) das recomendações de biossegurança pré- e pós-COVID-19 foram delineados e calculados para cada paciente, turno de serviço e ano. Uma análise de sensibilidade considerou uma variação de 20% a 50% dos custos diretos. Anteriormente à pandemia da COVID-19, os custos diretos das recomendações de biossegurança consistiam em R$0,84 por paciente, R$6,69 por turno de serviço e R$3.413,94 por ano. Os custos pós-COVID-19 das recomendações de biossegurança resultaram em R$16,01 por paciente, R$128,07 por turno de serviço e R$32.657,96 por ano. Os custos anuais podem variar entre R$26.126,37 e R$39.189,56. O aumento do orçamento anual necessário para adotar as recomendações de biossegurança pós-COVID foi de R$29.244,02. As novas recomendações de biossegurança aumentaram significativamente os custos da assistência à saúde bucal durante a pandemia da COVID-19. A tomada de decisão dos gerentes de saúde deve considerar a alocação racional e equitativa dos recursos financeiros.
ABSTRACT
Abstract COVID-19 pandemic implied new biosafety recommendations to avoid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 virus within healthcare centers. Changes on recommended personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination protocols and organization of patient demand resulted may result in cost variation. Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the economic impact of new biosafety recommendations for oral healthcare assistance during COVID-19. An Activity Based Costing evaluation was used to calculate the acquisition of PPE and decontamination solutions recommended for dental practice during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. PPE and decontamination solutions quantity and frequency of use were based on the newly COVID-19 recommendations. Costs (in Brazilian Real - R$) for biosafety recommendations pre- and post-COVID-19 were outlined and calculated for each patient, service shift and year. A sensitivity analysis considered 20% variation of direct costs. Previously to COVID-19 pandemic, direct costs of biosafety recommendations consisted of R$0.84 per patient, R$6.69 per service shift and R$3,413.94 per year. Post-COVID-19 costs of biosafety recommendations resulted in R$16.01 per patient, R$128.07 per service shift, and R$32,657.96 per year. Yearly costs can vary between R$26,126.37 and R$39,189.56. The annual budget increase necessary to adopt post-COVID biosafety recommendations was R$29,244.02. Newly biosafety recommendations increased significantly the costs of oral healthcare assistance during COVID-19 pandemic. Decision making of healthcare managers must consider rational and equity allocation of financial resources.
