Bacteremia following different oral procedures: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the timing, duration and incidence of bacteremia following invasive dental procedures (IDPs) or activities of daily living (ADL). Eight databases were searched for randomized (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (nRCTs) evaluating bacteremia before and after IDPs or ADL in healthy individuals. The risk of bias was assessed by RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I. For the meta-analysis, the primary outcomes were the timing and duration of bacteremia. The secondary outcome was the incidence of bacteremia, measuring the proportion of patients with bacteremia within 5 min after the end of the procedure compared with baseline. We included 64 nRCTs and 25 RCTs. Peak bacteremia occurred within 5 min after the procedure and then decreased over time. Dental extractions showed the highest incidence of bacteremia (62%-66%), followed by scaling and root planing (SRP) (44%-36%) and oral health procedures (OHP) (e.g., dental prophylaxis and dental probing without SRP) (27%-28%). Other ADL (flossing and chewing) (16%) and toothbrushing (8%-26%) resulted in bacteremia as well. The majority of studies had some concerns RCTs or moderate risk of bias nRCTs. Dental extractions, SRP and OHP, are associated with the highest frequency of bacteremia. Toothbrushing, flossing, and chewing also caused bacteremia in lower frequency.

Occurrence of bruxism in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: To investigate bruxism in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Searches were conducted in the MedLine via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Brazilian Library of Dentistry (BBO) and SciELO databases, grey literature and a hand search up to December 2020 with no restrictions imposed regarding language or year of publication (CRD42020211307). For the meta-analysis, the frequency of bruxism was extracted, with the calculation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model in RevManager. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Seventeen case-control studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 15 were included in the meta-analysis, totaling a population of 3850 individuals. The ASD group was more likely to develop bruxism than the controls (OR: 3.80; 95% CI: 2.06-7.01). The certainty of the evidence was classified as "very low" for the occurrence of bruxism between ASD and control individuals. CONCLUSION: It is uncertain whether individuals with ASD are more likely to have bruxism than healthy controls.

Different applications forms of green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) for the treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Scaling and root planning (SRP) is the gold standard for non-surgical periodontal treatment. Green tea as a supporting alternative in non-surgical periodontal treatment has been suggested as a therapeutic option in the treatment of periodontitis. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the comparative effectiveness of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in its different forms and applications for the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS: We included randomized clinical trials evaluating green tea as an adjuvant therapeutic agent to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis. For the meta-analysis, we calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95%CI comparing green tea and control (only SRP). We subgrouped by types of application forms of green tea. The certainty of the evidence was assessed through GRADE. RESULTS: Nine studies were included. The follow-up time of treatments varied from 21 days to 6 months. The subgroup meta-analysis showed that the green tea as sachet reduced probing bleeding (SMD = -0.71; 95%CI) and the gingival index (SMD = -0.78; 95%CI) compared to SRP with very low certainty of evidence. The sachet (SMD = -0.29; 95%CI) and dentifrice (SMD = -1.31; 95%CI) reduced plaque index with very low certainty compared to the control. All forms of application of green tea showed very low certainty of evidence (SMD = -0.27; 95% CI) in reducing the probing depth, as well as for the loss of clinical insertion (SMD = -0.42; 95% CI) with low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION: There was not a difference in the effectiveness of green tea isolated or in combination with SRP to reduce probing depth. Green tea adjunct to periodontal therapy showed very low certainty of effectiveness for the treatment of periodontal disease.

Dental caries experience among indigenous children and adolescents.

Investigations into the oral health status of indigenous populations are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate caries experience and associated factors among 342 indigenous children and adolescents aged 5-15 years of the Xukuru community in the municipality of Pesqueira, Brazil. A cross-sectional census study was carried out using the criteria of the World Health Organization to determine caries experience. Examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists and a questionnaire was administered to parents/caregivers addressing socio-demographic data, diet and oral hygiene habits. Logistic regression analysis were performed, with dmft and DMFT as the dependent variables (P < 0.05). Caries experience (dmft/DMFT) was high in both the primary and permanent dentition (75.6% and 62.9%, respectively). Mean dmft and DMFT indices were 3.11 and 2.21, respectively. Caries experience in the primary dentition was associated with children residing in villages far from urban areas (P = 0.016), while caries in the permanent dentition was associated with older children (P < 0.001) and with children from villages at an intermediate distance and far from urban areas (P < 0.001). The indigenous subjects exhibited a high degree of caries experience, which was associated with age and group of villages. Public policies are needed to improve the oral health status of this population.

Impact of traumatic dental injury on the quality of life of Brazilian preschool children.

This study aimed to assess the impact of traumatic dental injury (TDI) on the quality of life of preschoolers and their families. A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample of 814 children, aged three to five years old, in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/caregivers were asked to complete the Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale and a questionnaire on socio-demographic data. Oral examinations of the children were performed by three previously calibrated dentists. Bivariate and multiple Poisson regression analyses were performed (α = 5%). The prevalence of negative impact from oral conditions on quality of life was 31.1% among the children and 24.7% among the families. TDI was not associated with a negative impact on quality of life. Parent/caregiver's assessment of the child's oral health (PR = 1.210; 95% CI: 1.027-1.426) and history of toothache (PR = 4.997; 95% CI: 2.943-8.493) remained in the final model for the child section, whereas only a history of toothache (PR = 2.791; 95% CI: 1.801-4.325) remained in the final model for the family section. TDI exerted no negative impact on quality of life in the present sample. A history of toothache was the only variable associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of the preschoolers and their families.

Smoking, behavioral factors and familial environment: a population based study with Brazilian adolescents / Tabaquismo, factores comportamentales y ambiente familiar: un estudio basado en la población de adolecentes brasileños

Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the association between smoking and both behavioral and environmental factors among adolescents in the public school system in the city of Campina Grande (northeastern Brazil). Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 schoolchildren between 10 and 19 years, with the use of a structured questionnaire addressing behavioral factors, environmental factors and smoking. The chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used for the statistical analysis (5 % level of significance). Results The prevalence of smoking was de 3.3 %. The lowest age regarding the use of tobacco for the first time was eight years and the age group with the greatest frequency of initiation into this habit was 11 to 14 years (44.3 %). A total of 84.3 % of tobacco users smoked between one and 10 cigarettes per day. Smoking was associated with delays in schooling (p=0.047), gender (p=0.016), alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use (p<0.001) and the relationship with one's father (p=0.014) and mother (p=0.004). Conclusions Despite the low prevalence, an early initiation into smoking was found, suggesting that educational campaigns should be directed at earlier ages. Alcohol use stood out among the variables studied, suggesting that smoking is influenced by both the use and intensity of this substance.

Objetivo El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre el tabaquismo, los factores comportamentales y los factores ambientales entre adolescentes de escuelas públicas de Campina Grande- Paraíba. Métodos El estudio realizado fue de tipo transversal analítico, en el cual participaron 574 adolescentes, entrevistados por medio de un cuestionario estructurado que contenía preguntas relacionadas con factores comportamentales y ambientales y con el tabaquismo. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron el Chi-Cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher (5 % nivel de significancia). Resultados La prevalencia del tabaquismo fue de 3,3 %. La menor edad relacionada con el inicio del uso del cigarro fue de 8 años y el grupo de edad con la mayor frecuencia de inicio fue entre 11 y 14 años (44,3 %). Se estimó que 84,3 % de los fumadores consumía entre 1 a 10 cigarros por día. El tabaquismo fue asociado al fracaso escolar (p=0,047), al sexo (p=0,016), al consumo y frecuencia de uso de alcohol (p<0,001) y a la relación con el padre (p=0,014) y con la madre (p=0,004). Conclusiones A pesar de la baja prevalencia encontrada, se observó un inicio prematuro en el tabaquismo sugiriendo que las campañas educativas deben ser enfocadas en edades más tempranas. Entre las variables analizadas se destaca el uso de alcohol, lo que también sugiere que el tabaquismo puede ser influenciado tanto por el consumo, como por la intensidad del uso de esta sustancia.

Smoking, behavioral factors and familial environment: a population based study with Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the association between smoking and both behavioral and environmental factors among adolescents in the public school system in the city of Campina Grande (northeastern Brazil). METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 schoolchildren between 10 and 19 years, with the use of a structured questionnaire addressing behavioral factors, environmental factors and smoking. The chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used for the statistical analysis (5 % level of significance). RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was de 3.3 %. The lowest age regarding the use of tobacco for the first time was eight years and the age group with the greatest frequency of initiation into this habit was 11 to 14 years (44.3 %). A total of 84.3 % of tobacco users smoked between one and 10 cigarettes per day. Smoking was associated with delays in schooling (p=0.047), gender (p=0.016), alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use (p<0.001) and the relationship with one's father (p=0.014) and mother (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low prevalence, an early initiation into smoking was found, suggesting that educational campaigns should be directed at earlier ages. Alcohol use stood out among the variables studied, suggesting that smoking is influenced by both the use and intensity of this substance.