Exploring the Proteomic Profile of Soybean Bran: Unlocking the Potential for Improving Protein Quality and Quantity.

Soybean is a rich source of vegetal protein for both animal and human consumption. Despite the high levels of protein in soybean seeds, industrial processing to obtain soybean bran significantly decreases the final protein content of the byproducts. To overcome this problem, cultivars with higher protein contents must be developed. However, selecting the target proteins is difficult because of the lack of information on the proteome profile of soybean bran. Therefore, this study obtained the comparative proteomic profiles of both natural coatless seeds and defatted bran from an elite tropical-soybean cultivar. Thus, their extracts were characterized using LC-MS/MS and a total of 550 proteins were identified. Among these, 526 proteins were detected in coatless seeds and 319 proteins in defatted bran. Moreover, a total of 139 proteins were identified as presenting different levels of content in coatless seeds and defatted bran. Among them, only 46 were retained after the seed processing. These proteins were clustered in several important metabolic pathways, such as amino-acid biosynthesis, sugar biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity, meaning that they could act as targets for bioactive products or genome editing to improve protein quality and quantity in soybean grains. These findings can enhance our understanding regarding protein robustness for both soybean crops and the commercial bran improvement because target proteins must remain intact after processing and must be bioactive when overexpressed. Overall, the soybean bran proteomic profile was explored for the first time, providing a valuable catalogue of target proteins that can tolerate the industrial process.

Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality.

Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) ameliorate environmental stress, but whether they can prevent mortality and the underlying host response mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we conducted omics analyses on the coral Mussismilia hispida exposed to bleaching conditions in a long-term mesocosm experiment and inoculated with a selected BMC consortium or a saline solution placebo. All corals were affected by heat stress, but the observed "post-heat stress disorder" was mitigated by BMCs, signified by patterns of dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation, lipid maintenance, and coral host transcriptional reprogramming of cellular restructuration, repair, stress protection, and immune genes, concomitant with a 40% survival rate increase and stable photosynthetic performance by the endosymbiotic algae. This study provides insights into the responses that underlie probiotic host manipulation. We demonstrate that BMCs trigger a dynamic microbiome restructuring process that instigates genetic and metabolic alterations in the coral host that eventually mitigate coral bleaching and mortality.

The Impact of Oral-Gut Inflammation in Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Oral-gut inflammation has an impact on overall health, placing subjects at risk to acquire chronic conditions and infections. Due to neuromotor disturbances, and medication intake, cerebral palsy (CP) subjects present intestinal constipation, impacting their quality of life (QOL). We aimed to investigate how oral inflammatory levels predicted gut phenotypes and response to therapy. Methods: A total of 93 subjects aging from 5 to 17 years were included in the study, and assigned into one of the 4 groups: CP with constipation (G1, n = 30), CP without constipation (G2, n = 33), and controls without CP with constipation (G3, n = 07) and without CP and without constipation (G4, n = 23). In addition to characterizing subjects' clinical demographics, medication intake, disease severity levels, salivary cytokine levels [TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10], and Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD). Statistical significance was evaluated by Shapiro-Wilks, Student's T-Test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA analysis. Results: Salivary proinflammatory cytokines were highly correlated with the severe form of gut constipation in G1 (P < 0.001), and out of all cytokines IL-1ß levels demonstrated highest correlation with all gut constipation (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was found between the type of medication, in which subjects taking Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and GABA+ (GABA in association with other medication) were more likely to be constipated than the other groups (P < 0.01). Cleary salivary inflammatory levels and gut constipation were correlated, and impacted QOL of CP subjects. G1 presented a lower QOL mean score of CPCHILD (49.0 ± 13.1) compared to G2 (71.5 ± 16.7), when compared to G3 (88.9 ± 7.5), and G4 (95.5 ± 5.0) (P < 0.01). We accounted for gingival bleeding as a cofounder of oral inflammation, and here were no differences among groups regarding gender (P = 0.332) and age (P = 0.292). Conclusions: Collectively, the results suggest that saliva inflammatory levels were linked to gut constipation, and that the clinical impact of medications that controlled gut was reliably monitored via oral cytokine levels, providing reliable and non-invasive information in precision diagnostics.

Host-Microbial Interactions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Periodontitis.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal complex autoimmune disease, that is characterized by widespread inflammation manifesting tissue damage and comorbidities across the human body including heart, blood vessels, joints, skin, liver, kidneys, and periodontal tissues. The etiology of SLE is partially attributed to a deregulated inflammatory response to microbial dysbiosis and environmental changes. In the mouth, periodontal environment provides an optimal niche for local and systemic inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the reciprocal impact of periodontal subgingival microbiome on SLE systemic inflammation. Methods: Ninety-one female subjects were recruited, including healthy (n = 31), SLE-inactive (n = 29), and SLE-active (n = 31). Patients were screened for probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and classified according to CDC/AAP criteria with or without periodontal dysbiosis. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured by human cytokine panel and a targeted pathogenic subgingival biofilm panel was examined by DNA-DNA checkerboard from subgingival plaque samples. Results: The results showed significant upregulation of serum proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with SLE when compared to controls. Stratification of subject's into SLE-inactive (I) and SLE-active (A) phenotypes or periodontitis and non-periodontitis groups provided new insights into SLE pathophysiology. Ten proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated in serum of SLE-I only and one in SLE-A only. Four molecules overlapped in SLE-A and SLE-I. Anti-inflammatory cytokines included IL-4 IL-10, which were upregulated in SLE-I sera (but not SLE-A), controlling clinical phenotypes. Out of 24 significant differential oral microbial abundances found in SLE, 14 unique subgingival bacteria profiles were found to be elevated in SLE. The most severe oral pathogens (Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia) showed increase abundances on SLE-A periodontal sites when compared to SLE-I and healthy controls. Inflammation as measured by cytokine-microbial correlations showed that periodontal pathogens dominating the environment increased proinflammatory cytokines systemically. Conclusions: Altogether, low-grade systemic inflammation that influenced SLE disease activity and severity was correlated to dysbiotic changes of the oral microbiota present in periodontal diseases.

Latitudinal cline of chronotype.

The rotation of the Earth around its own axis and around the sun determines the characteristics of the light/dark cycle, the most stable and ancient 24 h temporal cue for all organisms. Due to the tilt in the earth's axis in relation to the plane of the earth's orbit around the sun, sunlight reaches the Earth differentially depending on the latitude. The timing of circadian rhythms varies among individuals of a given population and biological and environmental factors underlie this variability. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that latitude is associated to the regulation of circadian rhythm in humans. We have studied chronotype profiles across latitudinal cline from around 0° to 32° South in Brazil in a sample of 12,884 volunteers living in the same time zone. The analysis of the results revealed that humans are sensitive to the different sunlight signals tied to differences in latitude, resulting in a morning to evening latitudinal cline of chronotypes towards higher latitudes.

Padrão Facial III: diagnóstico, tratamento e proservação / Facial Pattern III, diagnosis, treatment and proservation

Este estudo avaliou por meio de uma revisão da literatura, o diagnóstico, tratamento e proservação do Padrão Facial III. Selecionou estudos clínicos prospectivos, retrospectivos e revisões sistemáticas das principais bases de dados (BBO, LILACS, MEDLINE e CONCRAINE). Após a análise dos estudos, concluiu-se que em pacientes portadores de Padrão III nem sempre há uma relação molar de classe III, sendo importante um diagnóstico acurado baseado na sua arquitetura facial. Outro aspecto importante é reconhecer o componente morfológico do Padrão III, que pode ser a retrusão maxilar, prognatismo mandibular ou a combinação das duas variáveis. No tratamento, a magnitude das alterações induzidas pela mecanoterapia adotada depende do estágio de maturidade esquelética. Em indivíduos no início e no pico de crescimento puberal, há uma maior tendência de alterações esqueléticas em detrimento as alterações dentoalveolares. Em relação ao padrão de crescimento facial, verificou-se que indivíduos com padrão vertical o prognóstico não é favorável, pois um dos efeitos observados no tratamento do Padrão III é o aumento da AFAI. Em pacientes após o crescimento, pode-se optar pelo tratamento compensatório ou ortocirúrgico, a depender do grau do erro sagital, da quantidade de compensação existente e da queixa principal do paciente.

This study evaluated through a literature review, the diagnosis, treatment and proservation of Facial Pattern III. Prospective clinical trials, retrospective and systematic reviews of the major databases (BBO, LILACS, MEDLINE and CONCRAINE) were selected. After analyzing the studies, it was concluded that in patients with facial pattern III there is not always a Class III molar relationship, it has been necessary an accurate diagnosis based on the facial architecture. Another important aspect is to recognize the morphological component of the Facial Pattern III, which can be a maxilar retrusion, mandibular prognathism, or the combination of these two variations. In the treatment, the magnitude of changes induced by mechanotherapy adopted depends on the stage of skeletal maturity. In patients in the beginning of the peak of pubertal growth, there is a greater tendency to skeletal changes over dentoalveolar changes. Regarding facial growth pattern, it was found that in patients with vertical growth pattern the prognosis is not favorable, because of the increase in the anterior facial length as an effect observed in the treatment of Facial Pattern III. In patients after growth, the orthodontic and surgical treatment or a dental compensatory treatment, depending on the degree of sagittal error, the amount of dental compensation and the patient’s main complaint, can be an option of treatment.

Prevalência e gravidade de asma em adolescentes de Belo Horizonte / Prevalence and severity of asthma in adolescents of Belo Horizonte

Objetivo: apresentar os resultados do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Chil-dhood (ISAAC ) em Belo Horizonte, para verificar a prevalência de asma em adolescentes e otimizar as estratégias de sua assistência na rede pública. Métodos: estudo transversal com o questionário ISAAC, autoaplicado em adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos de idade, nas escolas municipais de Belo Horizonte. Resultados: foram avaliados 3.088 adolescentes (47,4 por cento masculinos). A prevalência de asma foi de 17,8 por cento (IC 95 por cento 16,5-19,2). As manifestações clínicas em 10,9 a 17,4 por cento dos adolescentes asmáticos eram compatíveis com a sua forma de mais gravidade. Não houve diferenças em relação à prevalência de sibilância nos últimos 12 meses quanto ao sexo, as as meninas responderam afirmativamente com mais frequncia às questões referentes a sibilos alguma vez na vida (RP=0,86, IC 95 por cento 0,80-0,93, p menor que 0,001) e tosse noturna nos últimos 12 meses (RP > 0,74, IC 95 por cento 0,68-0,80, p menor que 0,001). Conclusões: a elevada prevalência da asma brônquica ressalta a necessidade de implantação de program a de assistência aos adolescentes asmáticos, principalmente considerando que 15 por cento deles apresentam sintomas persistentes que requerem tratamento de manutenção em longo prazo.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATELLOFEMORAL INSTABILITY.

OBJECTIVE: To describe functional outcomes following surgical treatment of patients with patellofemoral instability submitted to patellar realignment. METHODS: This was a retrospective study evaluating 34 operated knees for patellofemoral instability between 1989 and 2004. The patients were evaluated in the late postoperative period when a functional questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up time of 6 years and 5 months, the mean score was 82.94 in the surgical group (p=0.00037). The results of this investigation showed pain relief in 97.05% and low rate of recurrent dislocation (5.88%), although lower scores were seen in intense articular activities (squatting, running and jumping). No patient developed osteoarthritis while being followed up. CONCLUSION: The procedure for joint described in this paper was shown to be effective for treating patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability.

Tratamento cirúrgico da instabilidade fêmoro-patelar / Surgical treatment of patellofemoral instability

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados funcionais do tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes portadores de instabilidade fêmoro-patelar submetidos a realinhamento do aparelho extensor. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de 34 joelhos operados devido à instabilidade fêmoro-patelar no período de 1989 a 2004. Os pacientes foram avaliados no pós-operatório remoto, sendo aplicado questionário funcional. RESULTADOS: Em um seguimento médio de seis anos e cinco meses, o valor médio de pontuação foi de 82,94 pontos no grupo operado (p = 0,00037). Melhora do quadro de dor (97,05 por cento de excelentes e bons resultados) e baixa taxa de recorrência dos episódios de luxação (5,88 por cento) foram observadas no grupo, embora pontuações mais baixas tenham sido obtidas em atividades de maior demanda articular (agachamento, prática de corridas e execução de saltos). Nenhum dos pacientes avaliados desenvolveu artrose no tempo de seguimento. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento de realinhamento articular descrito neste artigo mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento dos pacientes com instabilidade fêmoro-patelar recidivante.

OBJECTIVE: To describe functional outcomes following surgical treatment of patients with patellofemoral instability submitted to patellar realignment. METHODS: This was a retrospective study evaluating 34 operated knees for patellofemoral instability between 1989 and 2004. The patients were evaluated in the late postoperative period when a functional questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up time of 6 years and 5 months, the mean score was 82.94 in the surgical group (p=0.00037). The results of this investigation showed pain relief in 97.05 percent and low rate of recurrent dislocation (5.88 percent), although lower scores were seen in intense articular activities (squatting, running and jumping). No patient deve-loped osteoarthritis while being followed up. CONCLUSION: The procedure for joint described in this paper was shown to be effective for treating patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability.

Atualização das normas brasileiras para o International Affective Picture System (IAPS) / Update of the Brazilian norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS)

Este trabalho expande a normatização brasileira do International Affective Picture System (IAPS), um instrumento de imagens afetivas, amplamente utilizado em pesquisas, com valores normativos para 240 novos estímulos, e confirma as categorias de imagens "agradáveis", "neutras" e "desagradáveis". Também são apresentados os resultados comparando os padrões de respostas de homens e mulheres. No total, participaram 448 estudantes universitários brasileiros (179 homens e 269 mulheres), que avaliaram as fotografias em termos de prazer, alerta e dominância, através da escala Self Assessment Manikin (SAM). O procedimento adotado foi o mesmo de outro estudo já desenvolvido para as normas norte-americanas.

This study includes the standardization of 240 new stimuli in the Brazilian norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), an instrument of affective images widely used in research, and confirms the validity of the categories of "pleasant," "neutral" and "unpleasant" pictures. A comparison was performed of the scores of affective ratings between the male and female samples of university students (179 males, and 269 females), who assessed the affective content of photographs in terms of valence, arousal and dominance using the Self Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale. The methods were the same used in a study conducted for the American norms.

Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of the Brazilian Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

The antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) from the Brazilian epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) was evaluated by the poison food assay at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.1%, and 0.05% with eight postharvest deteriorating fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceous, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium semitectum). EO components were tentatively identified by Kováts retention indices (RIs) using gas chromatography and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Growth of all fungi was completely inhibited at 0.3% concentration, and by 90% to 100% at 0.1% concentration. The following 13 tentatively identified compounds (relative percent) accounted for 90.4% of the total volatile oil: alpha-terpinene (0.9), p-cymene (2.0), benzyl alcohol (0.3), p-cresol (0.3), p-mentha-1,3,8-triene (0.2), p-cimen-8-ol (0.6), alpha-terpineol (0.5), (Z)-ascaridole (61.4), piperitone (0.9), carvacrol (3.9), (E)-ascaridole (18.6), (E)-piperitol acetate (0.5), and (Z)-carvyl acetate (0.3). Autobiographic thin layer chromatography of the EO to separate the principal fungitoxic fraction yielded only one fraction that completely inhibited the growth of all test fungi at a concentration of 0.1%. This fraction was characterized by RIs and GC-MS presenting a composition (%) of p-cymene (25.4), (Z)-ascaridole (44.4), and (E)-ascaridole (30.2). The results suggest ascaridoles were the principal fungitoxic components of the EO.

Reabsorção cervical externa após clareamento dental / External cervical resorption after dental bleaching

Baseados em estudos da Revisão da Literatura, observamos alguns fatores que contribuem para o aparecimento de reabsorção cervical externa pós-clareamento dental, enquanto outros impedem que tal reabsorção ocorra. Foram selecionados para a presente pesquisa 16 dentes anteriores tratados endodonticamente de pacientes de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 17 a 46 anos, com o tempo de escurecimento que variava entre 6 meses e 10 anos. Empregamos a técnica do Endoperox com e sem o uso do hidróxido de cálcio sobre a base protetora (cimento de fosfato de zinco) sem aplicação de calor, para avaliarmos a incidência de reabsorção cervical externa pós-clareamento dental. Após 24 meses de observação clínica e radiográfica obtivemos as conclusões acima citadas

Reconstituição de cúspide funcional com resina composta fotopolimerizável e cimento ionomérico / Functional cuspids reconstruction with photoactivatel composite resin and glass ionomer

Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento das resinas compostas para dentes posteriores, aliado à estética proporcionada a baixo custo, realizou-se a reconstituição das cúspides palatinas dos primeiros e segundos pré-molares superiores do lado direito, caso este que tinha indicação para uma prótese fixa unitária de elevado custo e grande demanda de horas clínicas utilizando-se a "Técnica de Sanduíche"