Complex neural tube and skeletal malformations, resembling Chiari malformations, in two calves.

Two 1-day-old full-term female calves from different farms located in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul were unable to stand due to paresis of the pelvic limbs. Both calves had spina bifida on the spinal lumbar segment and were submitted to euthanasia due to poor prognosis. Postmortem examination revealed cerebellar herniation, caudal displacement of the brainstem, rostral deviation of the cranial nerves, caudal extension of occipital lobes, absence of dorsal lamina of lumbar vertebrae with exposed spinal cord, myelodysplasia, kyphosis, segmental spinal agenesis, renal fusion, muscular atrophy, and arthrogryposis. Histology highlighted myelodysplasia (syringomyelia and diplomyelia) and muscular atrophy. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions for ruminant pestivirus were negative. Based on these lesions, the diagnosis of complex neural tube and skeletal malformations was made. A review of previous publications on calves diagnosed with these malformations, originally called Chiari or Arnold-Chiari malformations, revealed a wide range of nervous system and skeletal lesions. These variations amplified the uncertainty regarding whether all cases represent the same disorder and reinforced the importance of reconfiguring the terminology.

A cidade não pode parar: a Maratona do Rio de Janeiro em 2020 na era da pandemia / The city cannot stop: the Rio de Janeiro Marathon in the era of the pandemic / La ville ne peut pas s'arrêter: le Marathon de Rio de Janeiro à l'ère de la pandémie

Neste artigo, iremos apresentar como ocorreu a edição virtual da Maratona do Rio de Janeiro em 2020, ainda sem autorizações sanitárias para a realização de grandes eventos. Para isso, analisaremos o Guia do corredor, apresentado aos corredores na época. A competição é realizada por meio de uso de aplicativos, mas o atleta é estimulado a correr com o slogan "Não correr nunca foi uma opção". Abordamos os conceitos de necrodemografia e necropolítica. Entende-se que a Maratona do Rio pratica uma espécie de necropolíti-ca ao organizar a competição em pleno período pandêmico do Brasil, apesar de valorizar a paisagem da rua em suas plataformas comunicacionais.

In this article, we will present how the virtual edition of the Rio de Janeiro Marathon took place in 2020 in the middle of the pandemic, still without health permits to hold major events. For this, we will analyze the Runner's Guide presented to the runners at the time. The competition is carried out using applications, but the athlete is encouraged to run with the slogan "Not running was never an option". We approach the concepts of necrodemography and necropolitics. It is understood that the Rio Marathon practices a kind of necropolitics when organizing the competition in the middle of the pandemic period in Brazil, despite valuing the street landscape in its communication platforms.

Dans cet article, nous allons vous présenter comment s'est déroulée l'édition virtuelle du Marathon de Rio de Janeiro en 2020, toujours sans autorisations sanitaires pour les grands événements. Pour cela, nous analyserons le Guide du marathonien, présenté aux marathoniens à l'époque. La compétition se déroule à l'aide d'applications, mais l'athlète est encouragé à courir avec le slogan "Ne pas courir n'a jamais été une option". Nous abordons les concepts de nécrodémographie et de nécropolitique. Il est entendu que le Marathon de Rio pratique une sorte de nécropolitique en organisant la compétition en pleine pandémie au Brésil, malgré la valorisation du paysage de rue dans ses plateformes de communication.

Ultrasound in cervical traumatic neuromas after neck dissection in thyroid carcinoma patients: descriptive analysis and diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: Cervical traumatic neuromas (CTNs) may appear after lateral neck dissection for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. If they are misdiagnosed as metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in follow-up neck ultrasound (US), unnecessary and uncomfortable fine-needle aspiration biopsy are indicated. The present study aimed to describe US features of CTNs and to assess the US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs. Subjects and methods: Retrospective evaluation of neck US images of 206 consecutive patients who had lateral neck dissection as a part of thyroid cancer treatment to assess CTN´s US features. Diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs was performed. Results: Eight-six lateral neck nodules were selected for analysis: 38 CTNs and 48 abnormal LNs. CTNs with diagnostic cytology were predominantly hypoechogenic (100% vs. 45%; P = 0.008) and had shorter diameters than inconclusive cytology CTNs: short axis (0.39 cm vs. 0.50 cm; P = 0.03) and long axis (1.64 cm vs. 2.35 cm; P = 0.021). The US features with the best accuracy to distinguish CTNs from abnormal LNs were continuity with a nervous structure, hypoechogenic internal lines, short/long axis ratio ≤ 0.42, absent Doppler vascularization, fusiform morphology, and short axis ≤ 0.48 cm. Conclusion: US is a very useful method for assessing CTNs, with good performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs.

Acute and chronic changes in porcine rete mirabile after embolization with the Menox system: angiographic and histopathological analyses.

Objective: To evaluate acute and chronic changes seen on angiographic and histopathological studies of porcine rete mirabile, comparing those treated with the Menox liquid embolic system (LES) and those treated with the Onyx LES. Materials and Methods: Five pigs, each weighing approximately 35 kg, were submitted to rete mirabile embolization under general anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance, with the Menox LES or Onyx LES. Four animals were treated with the Menox LES and underwent cerebral angiography, followed by euthanasia, at 1, 30, 60, and 90 days after embolization. One animal was treated with the Onyx LES underwent the same procedures at 30 days after embolization. In a subsequent histopathological analysis, we compared the Menox LES and Onyx LES in terms of the acute and chronic changes observed. Results: We observed no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or electrocardiographic parameters that could be attributed to the super-selective infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide or the Menox embolic agent. Fluoroscopy showed adequate material opacity, appropriate progression to the center of the rete mirabile and complete unilateral embolization. Microcatheters were uneventfully detached from the embolized nidus. We observed mild to moderate intravascular and extravascular inflammatory responses, without histological evidence of necrotizing arteritis. There were no adverse neurovascular events. Conclusion: The Menox LES appears to be safe and effective, as well as being apparently equivalent to the Onyx LES in terms of the postprocedure angiographic and histopathological findings.

Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações angiográficas e histopatológicas agudas e crônicas em rete mirabile suína tratadas com o Menox liquid embolic system (LES) e comparar essas alterações com a embolização com Onyx LES. Materiais e Métodos: A embolização da rete mirabile com Menox LES e Onyx LES foi realizada em cinco suínos pesando cerca de 35 kg sob anestesia geral e orientação fluoroscópica. Quatro animais tratados com Menox LES foram submetidos a angiografia cerebral seguida de eutanásia após 1, 30, 60 e 90 dias e um animal tratado com Onix LES foi submetido ao mesmo procedimento após 30 dias. A análise histopatológica subsequente para alterações agudas e crônicas avaliou o desempenho do Menox LES comparado ao Onyx LES. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações significativas atribuíveis à infusão superseletiva de dimetilsulfóxido ou Menox nos parâmetros de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca ou eletrocardiograma. A fluoroscopia mostrou opacidade adequada do material, progressão adequada para o centro da rete mirabile e embolização unilateral completa. Os microcateteres foram retirados do nidus embolizado sem complicações. Observou-se resposta inflamatória intravascular e extravascular leve a moderada, sem indício histológico de arterite necrosante. Nenhum dos casos apresentou eventos neurovasculares adversos. Conclusão: A injeção de Menox LES mostrou-se segura e eficaz, além de ser equivalente ao Onyx LES em relação aos achados angiográficos e histopatológicos pós-procedimento.

Acute and chronic changes in porcine rete mirabile after embolization with the Menox system: angiographic and histopathological analyses / Alterações angiográficas e histopatológicas agudas e crônicas da rete mirabile no modelo suíno com sistema embólico líquido Menox

Abstract Objective: To evaluate acute and chronic changes seen on angiographic and histopathological studies of porcine rete mirabile, comparing those treated with the Menox liquid embolic system (LES) and those treated with the Onyx LES. Materials and Methods: Five pigs, each weighing approximately 35 kg, were submitted to rete mirabile embolization under general anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance, with the Menox LES or Onyx LES. Four animals were treated with the Menox LES and underwent cerebral angiography, followed by euthanasia, at 1, 30, 60, and 90 days after embolization. One animal was treated with the Onyx LES underwent the same procedures at 30 days after embolization. In a subsequent histopathological analysis, we compared the Menox LES and Onyx LES in terms of the acute and chronic changes observed. Results: We observed no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or electrocardiographic parameters that could be attributed to the super-selective infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide or the Menox embolic agent. Fluoroscopy showed adequate material opacity, appropriate progression to the center of the rete mirabile and complete unilateral embolization. Microcatheters were uneventfully detached from the embolized nidus. We observed mild to moderate intravascular and extravascular inflammatory responses, without histological evidence of necrotizing arteritis. There were no adverse neurovascular events. Conclusion: The Menox LES appears to be safe and effective, as well as being apparently equivalent to the Onyx LES in terms of the postprocedure angiographic and histopathological findings.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações angiográficas e histopatológicas agudas e crônicas em rete mirabile suína tratadas com o Menox liquid embolic system (LES) e comparar essas alterações com a embolização com Onyx LES. Materiais e Métodos: A embolização da rete mirabile com Menox LES e Onyx LES foi realizada em cinco suínos pesando cerca de 35 kg sob anestesia geral e orientação fluoroscópica. Quatro animais tratados com Menox LES foram submetidos a angiografia cerebral seguida de eutanásia após 1, 30, 60 e 90 dias e um animal tratado com Onix LES foi submetido ao mesmo procedimento após 30 dias. A análise histopatológica subsequente para alterações agudas e crônicas avaliou o desempenho do Menox LES comparado ao Onyx LES. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações significativas atribuíveis à infusão superseletiva de dimetilsulfóxido ou Menox nos parâmetros de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca ou eletrocardiograma. A fluoroscopia mostrou opacidade adequada do material, progressão adequada para o centro da rete mirabile e embolização unilateral completa. Os microcateteres foram retirados do nidus embolizado sem complicações. Observou-se resposta inflamatória intravascular e extravascular leve a moderada, sem indício histológico de arterite necrosante. Nenhum dos casos apresentou eventos neurovasculares adversos. Conclusão: A injeção de Menox LES mostrou-se segura e eficaz, além de ser equivalente ao Onyx LES em relação aos achados angiográficos e histopatológicos pós-procedimento.

Ultrasound in cervical traumatic neuromas after neck dissection in thyroid carcinoma patients: descriptive analysis and diagnostic accuracy

ABSTRACT Objective: Cervical traumatic neuromas (CTNs) may appear after lateral neck dissection for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. If they are misdiagnosed as metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in follow-up neck ultrasound (US), unnecessary and uncomfortable fine-needle aspiration biopsy are indicated. The present study aimed to describe US features of CTNs and to assess the US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs. Subjects and methods: Retrospective evaluation of neck US images of 206 consecutive patients who had lateral neck dissection as a part of thyroid cancer treatment to assess CTN's US features. Diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs was performed. Results: Eight-six lateral neck nodules were selected for analysis: 38 CTNs and 48 abnormal LNs. CTNs with diagnostic cytology were predominantly hypoechogenic (100% vs. 45%; P = 0.008) and had shorter diameters than inconclusive cytology CTNs: short axis (0.39 cm vs. 0.50 cm; P = 0.03) and long axis (1.64 cm vs. 2.35 cm; P = 0.021). The US features with the best accuracy to distinguish CTNs from abnormal LNs were continuity with a nervous structure, hypoechogenic internal lines, short/long axis ratio ≤ 0.42, absent Doppler vascularization, fusiform morphology, and short axis ≤ 0.48 cm. Conclusion: US is a very useful method for assessing CTNs, with good performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs.

A "realidade do saber e da habilidade que se inculca": clima, médicos e saúde pública no Brasil, 1808-1835 / The "reality of the knowledge and the ability instilled": climate, doctors, and public health in Brazil, 1808-1835

Resumo Esse artigo analisa os esforços de construção de espaços próprios à intelectualidade médica no Brasil a partir da transferência da Corte de Lisboa para o Rio de Janeiro em 1808, passando pelo processo de independência do país, até a criação da Academia Imperial de Medicina, em 1835. A partir dessas iniciativas, procurou-se afirmar a proeminência do saber médico-científico diante das práticas de cura tradicionais, bem como uma agenda higiênica para a nação independente, fortemente atrelada à legitimação de uma expertise local sobre a climatologia brasileira. Ao longo desse processo, algumas lideranças médicas envolvidas buscavam afirmar a convergência entre o discurso higiênico e os interesses do Estado imperial nascente, ao mesmo tempo em que anunciavam renovar os mecanismos de legitimação da carreira que, supostamente, passavam a se dar pelo mérito científico em detrimento dos favorecimentos clientelares típicos do Antigo Regime.

Abstract This article analyzes the efforts to build spaces for the medical community in Brazil since the transfer of the Court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808, through the country's independence process, until the creation of the Imperial Academy of Medicine, in 1835. Such initiatives affirm the prominence of medical-scientific knowledge in the face of traditional healing practices, as well as a hygienic agenda for the independent nation, strongly linked to the legitimation of local expertise in Brazilian climatology. Throughout this process, some medical leaders involved sought to affirm the convergence between the hygienic discourse and the interests of the nascent imperial state, while at the same time announcing the renewal of the mechanisms of legitimation of the career that, supposedly, started to be given by scientific merit instead of the patronage system typical of the Ancien Régime.

A saúde como campo de batalha: doenças e artes de curar no Brasil, 1750-1822 / Health as a battlefield: diseases and the healing arts in Brazil, 1750-1822

Resumo O artigo explora como as doenças eram pensadas e enfrentadas na América portuguesa no início da década de 1820, pouco antes da consolidação da ruptura política com Portugal que tornou o Brasil um país independente. Analisa quem foram os indivíduos chamados para tratar as doenças da população sofredora, seus saberes e terapêuticas. Para tanto, inicia-se com um recuo no tempo, enfatizando as influências das reformas do Império português sobre o saber médico na segunda metade do século XVIII. A primeira parte do artigo se dedica a explorar as complexas e multifacetadas práticas de cura na América portuguesa, resultantes das misturas entre as concepções tradicionais sobre o corpo e a doença que faziam parte das referências culturais da população local. Em seguida, analisa alguns dos embates institucionais e políticos envolvidos na consolidação da medicina científica no Brasil, especialmente após a transferência da Corte portuguesa para o Rio de Janeiro. Apesar do prestígio político dos médicos acadêmicos, os praticantes das artes da cura contavam com amplo apoio da população, além de encontrarem mobilidade social nas brechas das relações clientelistas que marcavam a cultura política do período.

Abstract This article explores how diseases were contemplated and faced in Portuguese America in the early 1820s, shortly before the consolidation of the political rupture with Portugal that made Brazil an independent country. It analyzes who the individuals called to treat the diseases of the suffering population were, along with their knowledge and their therapies. To achieve this, we must begin by taking a step back in time, emphasizing the influences of the reforms of the Portuguese Empire on medical knowledge in the second half of the eighteenth century. The first section of the article is dedicated to exploring the complex and multifaceted healing practices in Portuguese America, resulting from the mixtures between traditional concepts about the body and the diseases that were part of the cultural references of the local population. The article then moves on to analyze some of the institutional and political conflicts involved in the consolidation of scientific medicine in Brazil, especially after the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Rio de Janeiro. Despite the political prestige of academic doctors, practitioners of the healing arts had broad support from the population, in addition to finding social mobility in the breaches of clientelistic relationships that marked the political culture of the period.

Da Independência ao Império: saúde e doença no Brasil do século XIX / From Independence to Empire: health and disease in Brazil in the nineteenth century

Resumo Como apresentação do dossiê "Da Independência ao Império: saúde e doença no Brasil no século XIX", o artigo contrasta o "Brasil moderno" imaginado pelas elites médicas e políticas por ocasião do I Centenário da Independência, em 1922, com os inúmeros problemas e desafios no campo da saúde que a República, em sua terceira década, herdou dos períodos colonial e imperial. Além disso, destaca questões da história da saúde no século XIX que permitem aos leitores do dossiê refletir sobre as promessas civilizacionais não cumpridas de 1822-1922, à luz dos imensos desafios do ano de 2022, quando o Brasil completa duzentos anos de soberania política.

Abstract As a presentation of the dossier "From Independence to Empire: health and disease in Brazil in the nineteenth century," the article contrast "modern Brazil" imagined by the medical and political elites on the occasion of the First Centenary of Independence in 1922 with the numerous problems and challenges in the field of health that the republic, in its third decade, had inherited from the colonial and Imperial periods. In addition, it highlights issues in the history of health in the 19th century that allow the readers of the dossier to reflect on the unfulfilled civilizational promises of 1822-1922 in light of the immense challenges of the year 2022 when Brazil completes two hundred years of political sovereignty.

From Independence to Empire: health and disease in Brazil in the nineteenth century. / Da Independência ao Império: saúde e doença no Brasil do século XIX.

As a presentation of the dossier "From Independence to Empire: health and disease in Brazil in the nineteenth century," the article contrast "modern Brazil" imagined by the medical and political elites on the occasion of the First Centenary of Independence in 1922 with the numerous problems and challenges in the field of health that the republic, in its third decade, had inherited from the colonial and Imperial periods. In addition, it highlights issues in the history of health in the 19th century that allow the readers of the dossier to reflect on the unfulfilled civilizational promises of 1822-1922 in light of the immense challenges of the year 2022 when Brazil completes two hundred years of political sovereignty.

Como apresentação do dossiê "Da Independência ao Império: saúde e doença no Brasil no século XIX", o artigo contrasta o "Brasil moderno" imaginado pelas elites médicas e políticas por ocasião do I Centenário da Independência, em 1922, com os inúmeros problemas e desafios no campo da saúde que a República, em sua terceira década, herdou dos períodos colonial e imperial. Além disso, destaca questões da história da saúde no século XIX que permitem aos leitores do dossiê refletir sobre as promessas civilizacionais não cumpridas de 1822-1922, à luz dos imensos desafios do ano de 2022, quando o Brasil completa duzentos anos de soberania política.

Health as a battlefield: diseases and the healing arts in Brazil, 1750-1822. / A saúde como campo de batalha: doenças e artes de curar no Brasil, 1750-1822.

This article explores how diseases were contemplated and faced in Portuguese America in the early 1820s, shortly before the consolidation of the political rupture with Portugal that made Brazil an independent country. It analyzes who the individuals called to treat the diseases of the suffering population were, along with their knowledge and their therapies. To achieve this, we must begin by taking a step back in time, emphasizing the influences of the reforms of the Portuguese Empire on medical knowledge in the second half of the eighteenth century. The first section of the article is dedicated to exploring the complex and multifaceted healing practices in Portuguese America, resulting from the mixtures between traditional concepts about the body and the diseases that were part of the cultural references of the local population. The article then moves on to analyze some of the institutional and political conflicts involved in the consolidation of scientific medicine in Brazil, especially after the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Rio de Janeiro. Despite the political prestige of academic doctors, practitioners of the healing arts had broad support from the population, in addition to finding social mobility in the breaches of clientelistic relationships that marked the political culture of the period.

O artigo explora como as doenças eram pensadas e enfrentadas na América portuguesa no início da década de 1820, pouco antes da consolidação da ruptura política com Portugal que tornou o Brasil um país independente. Analisa quem foram os indivíduos chamados para tratar as doenças da população sofredora, seus saberes e terapêuticas. Para tanto, inicia-se com um recuo no tempo, enfatizando as influências das reformas do Império português sobre o saber médico na segunda metade do século XVIII. A primeira parte do artigo se dedica a explorar as complexas e multifacetadas práticas de cura na América portuguesa, resultantes das misturas entre as concepções tradicionais sobre o corpo e a doença que faziam parte das referências culturais da população local. Em seguida, analisa alguns dos embates institucionais e políticos envolvidos na consolidação da medicina científica no Brasil, especialmente após a transferência da Corte portuguesa para o Rio de Janeiro. Apesar do prestígio político dos médicos acadêmicos, os praticantes das artes da cura contavam com amplo apoio da população, além de encontrarem mobilidade social nas brechas das relações clientelistas que marcavam a cultura política do período.

The "reality of the knowledge and the ability instilled": climate, doctors, and public health in Brazil, 1808-1835. / A "realidade do saber e da habilidade que se inculca": clima, médicos e saúde pública no Brasil, 1808-1835.

This article analyzes the efforts to build spaces for the medical community in Brazil since the transfer of the Court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808, through the country's independence process, until the creation of the Imperial Academy of Medicine, in 1835. Such initiatives affirm the prominence of medical-scientific knowledge in the face of traditional healing practices, as well as a hygienic agenda for the independent nation, strongly linked to the legitimation of local expertise in Brazilian climatology. Throughout this process, some medical leaders involved sought to affirm the convergence between the hygienic discourse and the interests of the nascent imperial state, while at the same time announcing the renewal of the mechanisms of legitimation of the career that, supposedly, started to be given by scientific merit instead of the patronage system typical of the Ancien Régime.

Esse artigo analisa os esforços de construção de espaços próprios à intelectualidade médica no Brasil a partir da transferência da Corte de Lisboa para o Rio de Janeiro em 1808, passando pelo processo de independência do país, até a criação da Academia Imperial de Medicina, em 1835. A partir dessas iniciativas, procurou-se afirmar a proeminência do saber médico-científico diante das práticas de cura tradicionais, bem como uma agenda higiênica para a nação independente, fortemente atrelada à legitimação de uma expertise local sobre a climatologia brasileira. Ao longo desse processo, algumas lideranças médicas envolvidas buscavam afirmar a convergência entre o discurso higiênico e os interesses do Estado imperial nascente, ao mesmo tempo em que anunciavam renovar os mecanismos de legitimação da carreira que, supostamente, passavam a se dar pelo mérito científico em detrimento dos favorecimentos clientelares típicos do Antigo Regime.

Ultrasonography Echotexture as a surrogate for Sialadenitis secondary to 131I Radioiodine Therapy for differentiated Thyroid Cancer: a review and metaanalysis.

To systematically review and analyze the medical literature to assess ultrasonography echotexture changes in thyroid cancer patients for the detection of chronic sialadenitis caused by radioiodine therapy. METHODS: Sources were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and LILACS through November 2018. All studies that assessed ultrasonographic features before 131I administration and at 12 months after 131I administration were selected. After data extraction, statistical analysis was performed by using Stata software. RESULTS: From a total of 435 studies, 4 studies involving 665 patients were considered eligible, and echotexture heterogeneity was found with a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound echotexture may detect chronic sialadenitis secondary to salivary radioiodine therapy.

The scorching tropics: fevers and public health in Brazil during the Joanine period, 1808-1821. / Ardentes trópicos: febres e saúde pública no Brasil joanino.

Although fevers (with the exception of yellow fever) have not yet been fully explored by the historiography of Brazilian health, they were almost inevitable in nineteenth-century Brazilian society, affecting huge portions of the population. Their victims suffered from a wide variety of symptoms, and identification and treatment of these symptoms were the object of intense debates in medical circles. The Luso-Brazilian intelligentsia considered European medical debates as well as their own clinical experiences and attempted to provide answers in a flurry of publications. Even so, the manifestations of fever in the tropics presented a challenge that lay beyond their European training, forcing them to combine experiences acquired in different parts of the Empire to comprise specific knowledge on tropical fevers.

Com exceção da febre amarela, as febres ainda foram pouco exploradas pela historiografia da saúde brasileira. No século XIX, contudo, sua presença na vida social era quase incontornável, atingindo enormes parcelas da população. Suas vítimas padeciam de uma grande variedade de sintomas em que a identificação e a terapêutica eram objeto de intensos debates nos círculos médicos. A intelectualidade luso-brasileira, atenta tanto aos debates médicos europeus quanto a experiências clínicas, esforçou-se para fornecer respostas na forma de intensa produção impressa; no entanto, as manifestações febris encontradas nos trópicos representavam um desafio extra à sua formação europeia, forçando-a a conjugar experiências adquiridas em partes distintas do Império na constituição de saberes específicos sobre as febres tropicais.

Absence of Trichinella spiralis in swine carcasses slaughtered in the Midwestern region of Paraná state, Brazil / Ausência de Trichinella spiralis em carcaças de suínos abatidos na região Centro-Oeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil

Trichinella spiralis causes severe infections in humans, resulting in various clinical symptoms and even death, in several countries worldwide. Human trichinellosis has been reported in 55 countries, and mainly affects certain ethnic groups and tourists. It is caused by the ingestion of raw, undercooked meat or pork, or their by-products containing parasitic larvae. Infections in swine especially occur due to the parasitic contamination of food containing animal products, predation by rodents and other animals infected with T. spiralis, and due to the frequent habit of cannibalism in intensive production systems. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. spiralis in pig carcasses from a slaughterhouse located in the midwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil. Pools of 100 g of diaphragm, containing at least 1 g of tissue from each test animal, were collected, ground, and subjected to acid digestion with pepsin (1:10,000) and 25% hydrochloric acid. Sampling was performed in accordance to the methodology recommended by the European Union. All the 735,902 samples collected between 2010 and 2013, and in 2018, were negative for Trichinella spp. larvae. The pigs came from 483 farms from 90 municipalities from the three states of southern Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul). The absence of the parasite in different animal species, reported by surveys conducted in Brazil, could confirm the country as free from trichinellosis. Although T. spiralis is not endemic to Brazil, it is necessary to subject the meat of adult pigs slaughtered here and exported to other countries to inspections and parasitological examinations. It is therefore necessary to continually inspect pig carcasses for T. spiralis in slaughterhouses worldwide.

Trichinella spiralis causa infecções graves em humanos, resultando em vários sintomas clínicos e até morte, em vários países do mundo. A triquinelose humana foi relatada em 55 países e afeta principalmente certos grupos étnicos e turistas. É causada pela ingestão de carne crua ou malpassada, ou seus subprodutos contendo larvas parasitas. As infecções em suínos ocorrem principalmente devido à contaminação parasitária de alimentos contendo produtos de origem animal, predação de roedores e outros animais infectados com T. spiralis, além do hábito frequente de canibalismo em sistemas de produção intensiva. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a prevalência de T. spiralis em carcaças de suínos de um abatedouro localizado na região centro-oeste do Estado do Paraná. Conjuntos de 100 g de diafragma, contendo pelo menos 1 g de tecido de cada animal testado, foram coletados, triturados e submetidos a digestão ácida com pepsina (1:10.000) e ácido clorídrico a 25%. A amostragem foi realizada de acordo com a metodologia recomendada pela União Europeia. Todas as 735.902 amostras coletadas entre 2010 e 2013, e em 2018, foram negativas para larvas de Trichinella spp. Os suínos foram provenientes de 483 fazendas, de 90 municípios, dos três estados do sul do Brasil (Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul). A ausência do parasita em diferentes espécies animais, relatada por pesquisas realizadas no Brasil, poderia confirmar o país como livre de triquinelose. Embora T. spiralis não seja endêmica no Brasil, é necessário submeter a carne de suínos adultos abatidos aqui e exportados para outros países, a inspeções e exames parasitológicos. É, portanto, necessário inspecionar continuamente carcaças de suínos para T. spiralis em abatedouros de todo o mundo.