A novel prognostic signature and therapy guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma based on STEAP family.

BACKGROUND: The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP) family members are known to be involved in various tumor-related biological processes and showed its huge potential role in tumor immunotherapy. METHODS: Biological differences were investigated through Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and tumor microenvironment analysis by CIBERSORT. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), immunotherapy response and chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity were estimated in R. RESULTS: We established a prognostic signature with the formula: risk score = STEAP1 × 0.3994 + STEAP4 × (- 0.7596), which had a favorable concordance with the prediction. The high-risk group were enriched in cell cycle and RNA and protein synthesis related pathways, while the low-risk group were enriched in complement and metabolic related pathways. And the risk score was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Most notably, the patients in the low-risk group were characterized with increased TMB and decreased tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, indicating that these patients showed better immune checkpoint blockade response. Meanwhile, we found the patients with high-risk were more sensitive to some drugs related to cell cycle and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The novel signature based on STEAPs may be effective indicators for predicting prognosis, and provides corresponding clinical treatment recommendations for HCC patients based on this classification.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-(4-aminophenoxy)picolinamide derivatives as potential antitumor agents.

Cancer is a leading cause of death in humans. Molecular targeted therapy for cancer has become a research hotspot as it is associated with low toxicity and high efficiency. In this study, a total of 36 derivatives of 4-(4-aminophenoxy)pyridinamide were designed and synthesized, based on the analysis of the binding patterns of cabozantinib and BMS-777607 to MET protein. Most target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antiproliferative activity against three different cell lines (A549, HeLa and MCF-7). A total of 7 compounds had stronger inhibitory activities than cabozantinib, and the IC50 value of the most promising compound 46 was 0.26 µM against the A549 cells, which was 2.4 times more active than that of cabozantinib. The structure-activity relationship of the target compounds was analyzed and summarized, and the action mechanism was discussed. The acridine orange (AO) staining assay and cell cycle apoptosis revealed that compound 46 dose-dependently induced apoptosis of A549 cells, and blocked the cells mainly in G0/G1 phase. The IC50 value of compound 46 on c-Met kinase was 46.5 nM. Further docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations signaled that compound 46 formed four key hydrogen bonds to c-Met kinase, and these key amino acids played a major role in binding free energy. In addition, compound 46 also showed good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. In conclusion, compound 46 is a promising antitumor agent.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-(pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-yloxy)benzamide derivatives as potential antitumor agents.

Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Small molecule inhibitors have become a major therapeutic treatment for cancer. In this study, a series of novel 4-(pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-yloxy)benzamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activity against the A549, Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. Among them, the optimal compound 35 was found to possess excellent inhibitory activity against the A549, Hela and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.29 ± 0.58, 3.72 ± 0.91, and 9.23 ± 0.56 µM, which were superior to Golvatinib. The structure-activity relationship showed that the introduction of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine along with the F atom of the central and terminal benzene was beneficial to the improvement of inhibitory activity of the target compounds. Besides, we took further study on the combined mode between compound 35 and c-Met kinase through molecular docking.