Prevalence of overweight and metabolic syndrome, and associated sociodemographic factors among adult Ecuadorian populations: the ENSANUT-ECU study.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are key risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Little information exists on the prevalence of obesity and MetS in Latin America and specifically in Ecuador. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and MetS among adults in Ecuador. METHODS: We analyzed data from a nation-wide population-based survey in Ecuador (ENSANUT-ECU) among 10,318 participants (3684 men, 6634 women; age range: 18-59 years) conducted in 2012. Data related to residential location (urban versus rural), altitude (< 500, 500-1500 or > 1500 m above sea level (MASL)), region (highland, coast, amazon, or Galápagos), and socioeconomic status were collected. BMI, waist circumference, blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure were measured by trained fieldworkers following standardized procedures. RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of overweight was 39.5%; 22.3% was obese; and 31.2% had MetS. The prevalence of obesity, low HDL-cholesterol, and abdominal obesity were higher in women than in men, whereas men had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.05). Sex differences were not observed regarding the prevalence of combined MetS. Prevalence of both obesity and MetS was higher in urban areas, at low altitude regions (coast and Galapagos), and at high socioeconomic status (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of obesity and MetS in Ecuador are high. There are important demographic differences in the prevalence of MetS between Ecuadorian subpopulations that requires targeted research and prevention efforts, to hold and reduce the current public health problem of metabolic disorders.

Prevalencia de fibrilación auricular paroxística en registros de holter de 24 horas realizados en Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola / Prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in Holter records of 24 hours performed in Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fibrilación Auricular Paroxística (FAP) es el tema central de este trabajo; su estudio es importante porque aumenta los riesgos de complicaciones tromboembolicas cerebrales, siendo estas las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal del siguiente trabajo es evaluar la prevalencia de fibrilación auricular paroxística (FAP) en registros de Holter 24 hs y su relación con distintos factores de riesgo. EL objetivo secundario fue evaluar la relación de la FAP y sus complicaciones tromboembólicas cerebrales relacionándolas con diferentes variables. Material y Métodos: Fueron revisados 960 Holter 24 hs consecutivos realizados desde enero del 2014 hasta diciembre del 2015 entre los que se identificaron 39 pacientes con FAP. Se analizaron los antecedentes patológicos y presencia de complicaciones tromboembólicas cerebrales. Los datos se consignaron en una ficha diseñada para tal fin y los resultados se expresaron con la media ± DS para las variables cuantitativas y porcentajes para variables cuantitativas. Se consignó un valor de p <0,05 para determinar significación estadística. Se utilizó el test estadístico CHI 2. RESULTADOS: La cantidad de pacientes con FAP fueron 39 (4%) del total de estudios revisados, la edad promedio de los pacientes fue 67,92 (35-92) años, siendo la mayoría del sexo masculino 26 (67%). Las patologías de base fueron HTA 32 (82%); DLP 25 (64%); enfermedad vascular (EV) 15 (38%); DBT 14 (36%); IC 12 (31%); tabaquismo 8 (21%); 8 (21%) eran obesos y valvulopatía 3 (8%). De los pacientes con FAP, 11 (28%) sufrieron eventos tromboembólicos cerebrales; de ellos6 (55%) eran de sexo masculino. Nueve (82 %) padecieron ACV y 2 (18%) CIT. Las variables asociadas a eventos tromboembólicos cerebrales fueron la edad mayor a 75 años (p 0.009) y el antecedente de EV (p 0.01). CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio la prevalencia de FAP en Registro de Holter de 24 hs fue del 4 %, más frecuente en el sexo masculino y con patología de base predominante la HTA%. Se observó una alta prevalencia de eventos tromboembólicos cerebrales en pacientes con FAP que se relacionó significativamente con la edad mayor a 75 años y la presencia de EV. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: The main target of the following work is to evaluate the AF predominance in records of 24hs Holter and its relation with different risk factors. The secondary target was to evaluate the relation betwen AF and brain tromboembolics complication relating them to different variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 960 consecutive studies were checked realized from January, 2014 until December, 2015. 39 patients were included with AF, its case histories were checked seeing its pathological precedents and if they presented brain tromboembolics complication. The information was recorded in a card designed for such an end and the results SD expressed himself with the average ± for the quantitative variables and percentages presented in the shape of graphs or stage as it should correspond. As statistical tool used the program SPSS v11. 0Sp. A value was recorded of p <0.05 to determine statistical significance in case of comparison between groups. RESULTS: The patients' quantity with AF there were 39 that correspond to 4 % of the checked studies, the age average of the patients was 67,92 years (35-92 years) being most of the masculine sex 26 (67 %). The base pathologies were a HBP 32 (82 %); Dyslip 25 (64 %); VD 15 (38 %); DM 14 (36 %); HF 12 (31%); Tabaquic 8 (21 %); 8 (21 %) was obese and only 3 (8 %) Valvulopathies. Of the patients with AF, 11 (28 %) suffered brain tromboembolics events and 28 (72 %) was not affected; of those who had brain tromboembolic events it was of masculine sex 6 (55 %) and feminine 5 (45 %) in turn 9 (82 %) endured BTE and 2 (18 %) TCI and the variables that marked a difference as per statistics significant as for brain tromboembolic events were the age oldest than 75 years (p 0.009) and the precedent of Vascular Illness (p 0. 01) CONCLUSIONS: High AF predominance in Record of Holter of 24 hs was 4 % more frequent in the masculine sex a 67 % and that the pathology of predominant base was the hypertension in 82 %. High predominance of 28 % of Brain tromboembolic events in patients with AF and that was related significantly to the age biggest than 75 years and the presence of Vascular Illness. (AU)

New Pudicinae (Trichostrongylina, Heligmosomoidea) coparasites of Proechimys longicaudatus (Caviomorpha) from Bolivia. I--Description of Pudica ginsburgi n. sp. and Heligmostrongylus chiarae n. sp.

Two new Pudicinae (Trichostrongylina, Heligmosomoidea, Heligmonellidae) coparasites of Proechimys longicaudatus (Caviomorph rodent) from Bolivia are described: Pudica ginsburgi n. sp. is differentiated from all the other species of the genus by the great length of the spicules and of the vestibule and by a different ratio of the length of the spicules on the length of the body. Heligmostrongylus chiarae n. sp. has very developed rays 4, strongly divergent from rays 5 as occurs in three other species, H. almeidai (Durette-Desset & Tcheprakoff, 1969), a parasite of Trichomys apereoides (= Cercomys cunicularius) from Brazil, H. squamastrongylus (Travassos, 1937), a parasite of Proechimys oris from Brazil and H. proechimysi Durette-Desset, 1970, a parasite of Proechimys semispinosus from Columbia. The specimens from Bolivia are differentiated from the three species by the division of the dorsal ray (anterior half versus posterior half) and by a different ratio of the length of the spicules on the length of the body.

[Famotidine in the treatment of duodenal peptic ulcer]. / Famotidina en el tratamiento de la úlcera péptica duodenal.

A multicenter, open study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a novel and potent H2 receptor antagonist, Famotidine, in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Thirty-four patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcer were treated with Famotidine, 40 mg, one tablet, at bedtime, for six weeks. Follow-up endoscopic exams were done every two weeks until ulcer healing was obtained. One patient was excluded from further analysis as he failed to follow the protocol. Healing rates achieved were 48.5%, 91% and 97% by the second, fourth and sixth week of treatment respectively. After 72 hours 52% of the patients were asymptomatic and 79% at the end of the first week of treatment. Famotidine was well tolerated, no clinical neither laboratory adverse events were observed during the study. Famotidine, a novel H2 receptor antagonist appears to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of most patients with duodenal ulcer.

[Determination of serologic markers of hepatitis B virus in high risk areas at the Central Air Force Hospital of Peru]. / Determinación de marcadores serológicos del virus de la hepatitis B en áreas de alto riesgo del Hospital Central Fuerza Aérea del Perú.

In the present paper, the serologic markers of Hepatitis B virus were studied in 123 people belonging to the Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú that had been working in areas of high risk to get contact with this virus. The determination was done with the enzimo inmuno assay (EIA Abbot) and the results were the following: In 15 individuals (12.1%), at least one positive marker was found, evidence which proved to have been in contact with the virus in some moment of his life. Only one carrier (0.8%) was found, in 6 (4.8%) the presence of anti-HBc as only marker was found and in 8 (6.5%) the presence of Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs was observed which means post infection immunity. The great number of the individuals in which the markers were found, were male: 13 (16.0%) against only 2 (4.7%) female. There wasn't great difference with relation to the prevalency of markers according to the years of work like there has been observed in other greater series. It can be concluded that in this group the incidence of infection due to VHB was no greater than that of general population, which indicates us the little contact that they have had with the contaminating material during their professional life.

[The determination of serological markers of the hepatitis B virus in high-risk areas of the Central Air Force Hospital of Peru]. / Determinación de marcadores serológicos del virus de la hepatitis B en áreas de alto riesgo del Hospital Central Fuerza Aérea del Perú.

In the present paper, the serologic markers of Hepatitis B virus were studied in 123 people belonging to the Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú that had been working in areas of high risk to get contact with this virus. The determination was done with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA Abbot) and the results were the following: In 15 individuals (12.1%), at least one positive marker was found, evidence which proved to have been in contact with the virus in some moment of his life. Only one carrier (0.8%) was found, in 6 (4.8%) the presence of anti-HBc as only marker was found and in 8 (6.5%) the presence of anti-HBc and anti-HBs was observed which means post infection immunity. The great number of the individuals in which the markers were found, were male: 13 (16.0%) against only 2 (4.7%) female. There wasn't great difference with relation to the prevalence of markers according to the years of work like there has been observed in other greater series. It can be concluded that in this group the incidence of infection due to VHB was no greater than that of general population, which indicates us the little contact that they have had with the contaminating material during their professional life.