Outcomes of an intermediate respiratory care unit in the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: 15% of COVID-19 patients develop severe pneumonia. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula can reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation in adult respiratory distress syndrome, although failure rate is high. OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of endotracheal intubation, the effectiveness of treatment, complications and mortality in patients with severe respiratory failure due to COVID-19. METHODS: Prospective cohort study in a first-level hospital in Madrid. Patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted to the Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit with tachypnea, use of accessory musculature or SpO2 <92% despite FiO2> 0.5 were included. Intubation rate, medical complications, and 28-day mortality were recorded. Statistical analysis through association studies, logistic and Cox regression models and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: Seventy patients were included. 37.1% required endotracheal intubation, 58.6% suffered medical complications and 24.3% died. Prone positioning was independently associated with lower need for endotracheal intubation (OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.005 to 0.54, p = 0.001). The adjusted HR for death at 28 days in the group of patients requiring endotracheal intubation was 5.4 (95% CI 1.51 to 19.5; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe respiratory failure from COVID-19 was 37.1%. Complications and mortality were lower in patients in whom endotracheal intubation could be avoided. Prone positioning could reduce the need for endotracheal intubation.

Exposición al aire contaminado por humo del tabaco en niños de una consulta de Neumología pediátrica / Exposition to contaminated air due to tobacco smoke in children of an office of pediatric pneumology

Objetivo: El objetivo principal es analizar el porcentaje de niños que acuden a la consulta de Neumología pediátrica que están expuestos al aire contaminado por humo del tabaco (ACHT). Pacientes y método: Se seleccionó una muestra de 201 niños entre 0 y 14 años que acudían a una consulta de Neumología pediátrica. El progenitor que acudía a la consulta respondía un cuestionario y el resto de la información se obtuvo de la historia clínica del niño. Se realizó una intervención breve sobre todos los progenitores. Resultados: El 39% de los niños estaban expuestos al ACHT. Un 19,4% de las madres reconocieron haber fumado en presencia de su hijo y un 18,4% de los padres. Pidieron cita para la consulta de tabaco el 20% de las madres y el 23,9% de los padres fumadores. Tanto en el grupo de niños expuestos como no expuestos la patología más frecuente fue el asma o hiperreactividad bronquial. Conclusiones: El 39% de los niños estaban expuestos al ACHT. Pocos padres muestran su deseo de dejar de fumar. La prohibición de fumar en domicilio no siempre es cumplida. No encontramos diferencias en cuanto a enfermedades entre el grupo de expuestos y no expuestos al ACHT. Desde la consulta de pediatría se puede informar y motivar a todos los padres fumadores para el abandono del tabaco

Objetive: To analyze the percentage of children who are exposed to smoke tobacco pollution in respiratory pediatric practice.Patients and methods. 201 children between 0 and 14 years were selected from respiratory pediatric practice. The information was obtained from a questionnaire answered by the parents who go to the clinic and from the medical history of the child. A brief intervention was carried out with all parents. Results: 39% of children were exposed to tobacco smoke pollution. 19.4% of mothers and 18.4% of fathers recognized smoking next to their children. 20% smoker mothers and 23.9% smoker fathers booked a date for quit smoking. The most frequent respiratory disease among children, both exposed and no tobacco pollution exposed, was asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity. Conclusions: 39% of children were exposed to tobacco smoke pollution. Only few parents want to quit smoking. A ban on smoking in the home is not obey in all cases. There were no differences found between diseases in both groups of exposed and no tobacco exposed. The pediatric practice is an opportunity to inform and motivate smoke cessation in parents

Factores relacionados con el mayor porcentaje de ingresos por asma en mujeres. Estudio FRIAM / Factors Related With the Higher Percentage of Hospitalizations Due to Asthma Amongst Women: the FRIAM Study

Introducción: Las mujeres ingresan por exacerbaciones de asma con mayor porcentaje que los varones, sin que se conozcan claramente los motivos. El objetivo del estudio es explorar las posibles causas que expliquen este hecho. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico en pacientes ingresados por asma durante 2 años en servicios de neumología. Mediante cuestionario se recogieron: características demográficas, variables previas al ingreso y durante el mismo que incluían adherencia, ansiedad-depresión, hiperventilación, y control del asma. Resultados: Se recogieron datos de 183 ingresos: 115 mujeres (62,84%). Las mujeres eran de mayor edad (52,4±18,3/43,4±18,7; p=0,02); había mayor porcentaje con prescripción de corticosteroides inhalados (63,2/47,1%; p=0,03) y síndrome de hiperventilación (57,3/35,9%; p=0,02), y una estancia media mayor (7,3±3,4/5,9±3,6; p=0,02). El porcentaje de fumadoras era menor (21,2/38,8%; p=0,01), y el FEV1 al ingreso era más bajo (58,2%±15,9/67,5%±17,4; p=0,03).En el rango de 40 a 60 años se demostró una asociación entre ser mujer y la variable ingresos previos. De forma independiente, también se asociaron el sexo y la obesidad, con un OR de 16,1 (IC 95%, 1,6-156,7) y de 4,8 (IC 95%, 1,06-22), respectivamente. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de ingresos por asma fue mayor en mujeres. Ser mujer entre 40 y 60 años se asocia con ingresos previos y constituye un factor de riesgo para ingreso por asma, en el que la hipótesis hormonal durante el climaterio podría explicar parte de los hechos. La poliposis y la obesidad son factores de riesgo, independientemente del sexo(AU)

Introduction: The reason why there is a higher hospitalization rate due to asthma exacerbations amongst women is unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the possible causes that may explain this fact. Methods: A multi-center, prospective study including asthma patients hospitalized in the pulmonary medicine departments during a two-year period. By means of a questionnaire, the following data were collected: demographic characteristics and treatment compliance, anxiety-depression, hyperventilation and asthma control, both prior to and during the hospitalization. Results:183 patients were included, 115 (62.84%) of whom were women. The women were older (52.4±18.3/43.4±18.7; P=.02), were more frequently prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (63.2%/47.1%; P=.03) and had a higher rate of hyperventilation syndrome (57.3/35.9; P=.02) and a longer mean hospital stay (7.3±3.4/5.9±3.6; P=.02). The percentage of smokers among the women was lower (21.2%/38.8%; p=0.01) and the FEV1 was lower at admittance (58.2% ±15.9/67.5%±17.4; P=.03).In the 40 to 60-year-old age range, an association was demonstrated between being female and the «previous hospitalizations» variable (OR, 16.1; 95% CI, 1.6-156.7); sex and obesity were also independently associated (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.06-22).Conclusions: In this cohort, the rate of hospitalization for asthma was higher in women than in men. Being a woman between the ages of 40 and 60 is associated with previous hospitalizations and is a risk factor for asthma-related hospitalization. This situation could partially be explained by the hormonal changes during menopause, where polyposis and obesity are independent risk factors(AU)

Factors related with the higher percentage of hospitalizations due to asthma amongst women: the FRIAM study.

INTRODUCTION: The reason why there is a higher hospitalization rate due to asthma exacerbations amongst women is unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the possible causes that may explain this fact. METHODS: A multi-center, prospective study including asthma patients hospitalized in the pulmonary medicine departments during a two-year period. By means of a questionnaire, the following data were collected: demographic characteristics and treatment compliance, anxiety-depression, hyperventilation and asthma control, both prior to and during the hospitalization. RESULTS: 183 patients were included, 115 (62.84%) of whom were women. The women were older (52.4 ± 18.3/43.4 ± 18.7; P=.02), were more frequently prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (63.2%/47.1%; P=.03) and had a higher rate of hyperventilation syndrome (57.3/35.9; P=.02) and a longer mean hospital stay (7.3 ± 3.4/5.9 ± 3.6; P=.02). The percentage of smokers among the women was lower (21.2%/38.8%; p=0.01) and the FEV(1) was lower at admittance (58.2% ± 15.9/67.5% ± 17.4; P=.03). In the 40 to 60-year-old age range, an association was demonstrated between being female and the 'previous hospitalizations' variable (OR, 16.1; 95% CI, 1.6-156.7); sex and obesity were also independently associated (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.06-22). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the rate of hospitalization for asthma was higher in women than in men. Being a woman between the ages of 40 and 60 is associated with previous hospitalizations and is a risk factor for asthma-related hospitalization. This situation could partially be explained by the hormonal changes during menopause, where polyposis and obesity are independent risk factors.