Exercise in cancer patients: assistance levels and referral pathways-a position statement from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology.

There is growing evidence about how physical activity can improve cancer care. Unfortunately, exercise is still not widely prescribed to oncology patients, despite the benefit it brings. For this to occur, it is necessary for a multidisciplinary approach involving different types of healthcare professionals, given that each treatment be tailored for each single case. Besides incorporating appropriate infrastructures and referral pathways, we need to integrate exercise into healthcare practice, which ameliorates patients' quality of life and treatment side effects. From the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), and through the Exercise and Cancer Working Group, we indicate considerations, analyze patient care scenarios, and propose a referral pathway algorithm for exercise prescription, taking in account the patient's needs. In later sections of this paper, we describe how this algorithm could be implemented, and how the exercise programs should be built, including the physical activity contents, the settings, and the delivery mode. We conclude that professionals, infrastructures, and organizations should be available at every assistance level to create programs providing adequate exercise training for cancer patients.

Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Granada (Spain) and Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Action.

The olive oil sector is a fundamental food in the Mediterranean diet. It has been demonstrated that the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with a high content of phenolic compounds is beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of many diseases. The main objective of this work was to study the relationship between the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of EVOOs from two PDOs in the province of Granada. To this purpose, the amounts of phenolic compounds were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assays. The main families identified were phenolic alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The EVOO samples with the highest total concentration of compounds and the highest inhibitory activity belonged to the Picual and Manzanillo varieties. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between identified compounds and AChE and COX-2 inhibitory activity, except for lignans. These results confirm EVOO's compounds possess neuroprotective potential.

Neurological adverse events related to immune-checkpoint inhibitors in Spain: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Neurological immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors can have several clinical manifestations, but the syndromes and prognostic factors are still not well known. We aimed to characterise and group the clinical features, with a special focus in patients presenting with encephalopathy, and to identify predictors of response to therapy and survival. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients with neurological immune-related adverse events from 20 hospitals in Spain whose clinical information, serum samples, and CSF samples were studied at Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Patients with pre-existing paraneoplastic syndromes or evidence of alternative causes for their neurological symptoms were excluded. We reviewed the clinical information, classified their clinical features, and determined the presence of neural antibodies. Neurological status was assessed by the treating physician one month after adverse event onset (as improvement vs no improvement) and at the last evaluation (complete recovery or modified Rankin Scale score decrease of at least 2 points, indicating good outcome, vs all other modified Rankin Scale scores, indicating poor outcome); if the participant had died, the date and cause of death were recorded. We used Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U tests to analyse clinical features, and multivariable logistic regression to analyse prognostic factors. FINDINGS: From Jan 1, 2018, until Feb 1, 2023, 83 patients with suspected neurological immune-related adverse events after use of immune checkpoint inhibitors were identified, of whom 64 patients were included. These patients had a median age of 67 years (IQR 59-74); 42 (66%) were male and 22 (34%) were female. The predominant tumours were lung cancer (30 [47%] patients), melanoma (13 [21%] patients), and renal cell carcinoma (seven [11%] patients). Neural antibodies were detected in 14 (22%) patients; 52 (81%) patients had CNS involvement and 12 (19%) had peripheral nervous system involvement. Encephalopathy occurred in 45 (70%) patients, 12 (27%) of whom had antibodies or well defined syndromes consistent with definite paraneoplastic or autoimmune encephalitis, 24 (53%) of whom had encephalitis without antibodies or clinical features characteristic of a defined syndrome, and nine (20%) of whom had encephalopathy without antibodies or inflammatory changes in CSF or brain MRI. Nine (14%) of 64 patients had combined myasthenia and myositis, five of them with myocarditis. Even though 58 (91%) of 64 patients received steroids and 31 (48%) of 64 received additional therapies, 18 (28%) did not improve during the first month after adverse event onset, and 11 of these 18 people died. At the last follow-up for the 53 remaining patients (median 6 months, IQR 3-13), 20 (38%) had a poor outcome (16 deaths, one related to a neurological immune-related adverse event). Mortality risk was increased in patients with lung cancer (vs those with other cancers: HR 2·5, 95% CI 1·1-6·0) and in patients with encephalopathy without evidence of CNS inflammation or combined myocarditis, myasthenia, and myositis (vs those with the remaining syndromes: HR 5·0, 1·4-17·8 and HR 6·6, 1·4-31·0, respectively). INTERPRETATION: Most neurological immune-related adverse events involved the CNS and were antibody negative. The presence of myocarditis, myasthenia, and myositis, of encephalopathy without inflammatory changes, or of lung cancer were independent predictors of death. Most deaths occurred during the first month of symptom onset. If our findings are replicated in additional cohorts, they could confirm that these patients need early and intensive treatment. FUNDING: The Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Union.

Early mobilization after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a substudy of the POWER. 2 study

Abstract Background Early mobilization after surgery is a cornerstone of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs in total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our goal was to determine the time to mobilization after this surgery and the factors associated with early mobilization. Methods This was a predefined substudy of the POWER.2 study, a prospective cohort study conducted in patients undergoing THA and TKA at 131 Spanish hospitals. The primary outcome was the time until mobilization after surgery as well as determining those perioperative factors associated with early mobilization after surgery. Results A total of 6093 patients were included. The median time to achieve mobilization after the end of the surgery was 24 hours [16-30]. 4,222 (69.3%) patients moved in ≤ 24 hours after surgery. Local anesthesia [OR = 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.90); p= 0.001], surgery performed in a self-declared ERAS center [OR = 0.57 (95% CI: 0.55-0.60); p< 0.001], mean adherence to ERAS items [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92-0.93); p< 0.001], and preoperative hemoglobin [OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98); p< 0.001] were associated with shorter time to mobilization. Conclusions Most THA and TKA patients mobilize in the first postoperative day, early time to mobilization was associated with the compliance with ERAS protocols, preoperative hemoglobin, and local anesthesia, and with the absence of a urinary catheter, surgical drains, epidural analgesia, and postoperative complications. The perioperative elements that are associated with early mobilization are mostly modifiable, so there is room for improvement.

Cuidado de enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar aos pacientes com lesões crônicas / Cuidados de enfermería en el ambiente hospitalario a pacientes con lesiones crónicas / Nursing care in the hospital environment for patients with chronic injuries

Objetivos: conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros acerca do cuidado de enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar aos pacientes com lesões crônicas. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com 20 enfermeiros que atuam no cuidado direto ao paciente, de um hospital da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu em abril de 2017, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: predomina, no ambiente hospitalar investigado, a lesão por pressão. Os cuidados de enfermagem estão direcionados à avaliação da lesão e técnica de curativo. A falta de materiais foi referenciada como a principal dificuldade para organizar o cuidado. Conclusões: a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre os cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes com lesões crônicas está restrita à lesão. Não há uma perspectiva que contemple as demais necessidades de cuidados que também interferem na recuperação e na cicatrização da lesão, como as questões associadas às doenças de base, e os problemas socioculturais.(AU)

Objective: to know the perception of nurses about nursing care in the hospital environment for patients with chronic injuries. Method: descriptive research with 20 nurses who work in direct patient care at a hospital on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection took place in April 2017, through semi-structured interviews. Results: pressure injury predominates in the investigated hospital environment. Nursing care is aimed at assessing the injury and dressing technique. Lack of materials was mentioned as the main difficulty to organize care. Conclusions: nurses' perception of nursing care for patients with chronic injuries is restricted to the injury. There is no perspective that contemplates the other care needs that also interfere with the recovery and healing of the injury, such as issues associated with underlying diseases, and sociocultural problems.(AU)

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los enfermeros sobre los cuidados de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario para pacientes con lesiones crónicas. Método: investigación descriptiva con 20 enfermeras que trabajan en la atención directa al paciente en un hospital de la frontera occidental de Rio Grande do Sul. La recolección de datos se realizó en abril de 2017, través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: la lesión por presión predomina en el ámbito hospitalario investigado. La atención de enfermería tiene como objetivo evaluar la lesión y la técnica del vendaje. La falta de materiales se mencionó como la principal dificultad para organizar la atención. Conclusiones: la percepción de las enfermeras sobre el cuidado de enfermería al paciente con lesiones crónicas se restringe a la lesión. No existe una perspectiva que contemple las otras necesidades que también interfieren con la recuperación de la lesión, tales como cuestiones asociadas a enfermedades subyacentes y problemas socioculturales.(AU)

[Hospital care of patients with chronic pathology]. / Atención hospitalaria de pacientes con patología crónica.

Advances in medical care have increased the survival of children with complex chronic pathology (CCP). OBJECTIVE: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a cohort of children with CCP. PATIENTS AND METHOD: retrospective descriptive study performed in a tertiary hospital bet ween June 2017 and June 2020, which included patients with CCP criteria. Epidemiological, clinical, admissions, and services involved data were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was perfor med using SPSS v22.0 software. RESULTS: 323 patients (mean age 7 years) were included. 93.1% had a multisystem disease, with neurological (87.3%) and gastrointestinal (34.1%) as the most frequent chronic conditions. 39.9% were technology dependent. The main diagnoses were Infantile Cerebral Palsy (23.5%) and Epileptic Encephalopathy (13.9%). Each patient was in follow-up by 5 specialists on average. Of the patients, 85.1% were admitted at some time, with a total of 739 admissions. The mean length of stay was 8.7 days. Technology-dependent patients accounted for 54.7% of hospi talizations. The reasons for admission were acute illness (64.3%), surgery (20.3%), and diagnostic procedure (15%). ICU was required in 23.1%. 62 admissions were partially carried out by the Home Hospitalization Unit. CONCLUSIONS: Children with CCP require an increased number of admissions and multiple specialists. The implementation of specialized referral units may be useful to improve their care.

Design guidelines and usability for cognitive stimulation through technology in Mexican older adults.

To develop software to stimulate cognitive functions of attention, memory, reasoning, planning, language, and perception in Mexican older adults, and to evaluate the usability of software based on system utility, information quality, and interface quality.For the development of the cognitive stimulation software, an inductive-deductive methodology was used in three stages: Analysis (system requirements), design and coding (cognitive stimulation software), evaluation (usability results).The usability of the software was assessed in 89 older adults between the ages of 60 and 84 years, through a usability questionnaire with evidence of reliability and validity.Eight exercises about attention, seven on memory, three on reasoning, one about planning and language, and two on perception were developed. We evaluated the usability of the developed software using the Computer System Usability Questionnaire, obtaining medium-high usability in 76.2% of the participants regarding the system utility, in 77.7% concerning the information quality and, in 84.2% in the interface quality.The software was developed considering aspects of usability and based on changes and losses associated with aging, as well as on the stimulation of cognitive functions related to instrumental activities of daily living, including exercises based on traditional pencil-paper exercises.

Ações educativas às pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes: trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde rural / Acciones educativas para personas con hipertensión y diabetes: trabajo del Agente Comunitario de Salud en zonas rurales / Educational actions for people with hypertension and diabetes: the work of the Community Health Agent

Objetivo: descrever as ações educativas desenvolvidas pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) no cuidado às pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes mellitus que vivem no campo. Método: estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com 16 ACS que atuavam em nove unidades de saúde rurais de um município do Sul do Brasil, nos meses de junho a agosto de 2019. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise dos dados foi fundamentada pela análise de conteúdo. Resultados: as narrativas revelaram que os ACS são promotores de ações educativas, como: visita domiciliária, grupos, rodas de conversa, palestras e sala de espera; todavia, essas atividades são realizadas junto a outros profissionais e estão direcionadas a grupos específicos. Conclusão: os ACS precisam refletir sobre a forma como suas práticas educativas estão sendo desenvolvidas, a fim de estabelecer espaços de discussões que tenham impacto nas condicionalidades crônicas.

Objective: to describe the educational actions developed by community health agents (CHAs) in the care of people with hypertension and diabetes mellitus living in the countryside. Method: this was a qualitative study developed with 16 CHAs who worked in nine rural health units of a municipality in southern Brazil from June to August 2019. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection instrument, and data analysis was grounded on content analysis. Results: the narratives revealed that the CHAs are promoters of educational actions, such as home visits, groups, round-table discussions, lectures, and waiting rooms; nonetheless, these activities are performed together with other professionals and are directed at specific groups. Conclusion: the CHAs need to reflect on how their educational practices are being developed to establish spaces for discussions that impact chronic conditionalities.

Objetivo: describir las acciones educativas que los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud (ACS) han llevado a cabo para atender a personas con Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes mellitus, que viven en el campo. Método: estudio cualitativo con 16 ACS que trabajaron en nueve unidades de salud rurales de un municipio del sur de Brasil, durante los meses de junio a agosto de 2019. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada para la recogida de datos. El análisis de los datos se basó en el análisis de contenido. Resultados: las narraciones revelan que los ACS son promotores de actividades educativas, como: visitas domiciliarias, grupos, rutas de conversación, palestras y sala de espera; por otra parte, estas actividades se realizan junto a otros profesionales y se dirigen a grupos específicos. Conclusión: los ACS necesitan reflexionar sobre cómo se desarrollan sus prácticas educativas, para establecer espacios de discusión que incidan en las condiciones crónicas.

Incidência de volume de líquidos excessivo em pacientes adultos sob cuidados intensivos / Incidencia de volumen líquidos excesivo en pacientes adultos bajo cuidados intensivos / Incidence of excess fluid volume in patients under intensive care

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a incidência do diagnóstico de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período de três meses. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva da região sul do Brasil. Foram analisadas as características clínicas obtidas no prontuário e exame físico de 31 pacientes, admitidos entre março e maio de 2018, por distribuição de frequência, e análise bivariada com teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: 54,8% dos pacientes desenvolveram Volume de Líquidos Excessivo, prevalecendo as características definidoras: edema, hemoglobina e hematócrito diminuídos, anasarca e desequilíbrio eletrolítico. Comprometimento neurológico, ventilação mecânica, sedação e mais de quatro dias de internação foram evidenciados como principais fatores relacionados. Considerações finais: este estudo contribui para a acurácia diagnóstica do Volume de Líquidos Excessivo dos pacientes internados em terapia intensiva e amplia a possibilidade de desenvolvimento deste diagnóstico de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la incidencia del diagnóstico de enfermería Volumen Líquido Excesivo em pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos durante un periodo de tres meses. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio, en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del sur de Brasil. Las características clínicas obtenidas en registros médicos y exámenes físicos de 31 pacientes, ingresados entre marzo y mayo de 2018 se analizaron mediante la distribución de frecuencias y el análisis bivariado con el test de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El 54,8% de los pacientes desarrollaron un Volumen Líquido Excesivo, predominando las características definitorias: edema, hemoglobina y hematocrito disminuidos, anasarca y desequilibrio electrolítico. El deterioro neurológico, la ventilación mecánica, la sedación y más de cuatro días de hospitalización se evidenciaron como los principales factores relacionados. Consideraciones finales: este estudio contribuye a la precisión diagnóstica del Volumen Líquido Excesivo en pacientes hospitalizados en cuidados intensivos y amplía la posibilidad de desarrollar este diagnóstico de enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the incidence of the Excess Fluid Volume nursing diagnosis in patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit, in the period of three months. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study, in an Intensive Care Unit in the southern region of Brazil. The clinical characteristics obtained from the medical records and physical examination of 31 patients, admitted between March and May 2018, were analyzed by frequency distribution, and bivariate analysis with Chi-square test. Results: 54,8% of patients developed Excess Fluid Volume, with the defining characteristics prevailing: edema, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, anasarca and electrolyte imbalance. Neurological impairment, mechanical ventilation, sedation, and more than four days of hospitalization were evidenced as the main related factors. Final considerations: this study contributes to the diagnostic accuracy of the Excess Fluid Volume of patients hospitalized in intensive therapy and expands the possibility of developing this nursing diagnosis.

Taquicardia ventricular polimórfica y miocardio no compactado, ¿una nueva variante genética? / Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and non-compacted myocardium: A new genetic variant?

Resumen La taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica es una enfermedad caracterizada por arritmias ventriculares desencadenadas por estrés o actividad física. Existen casos descritos de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica asociada a ventrículo izquierdo no compactado, en relación con mutaciones del gen RYR2 localizadas en el exón 3. Se expone el caso clínico de una paciente joven que debutó con clínica de síncopes recurrentes asociados a estrés físico o emocional. En el estudio posterior se descubrió taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica, con áreas de miocardio no compactado y una nueva variante genética posiblemente asociada a la enfermedad.

Abstract Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is disease characterised by ventricular arrhythmias triggered by stress or physical activity. There are some cases of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia described that are associated with non-compacted left ventricle in relation to mutations of the RYR2 gene located in exon 3. A case is presented of a young patient in whom the clinical signs started with recurrent syncope associated with physical or emotional stress. In the subsequent study, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was discovered, with areas of non-compacted myocardium and new genetic variant possibly associated with the disease.

Biomarcadores inflamatorios y extensión de aterosclerosis coronaria en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo: Estudio observacional prospectivo en un hospital general universitario / Circulating markers of inflammation and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome: Prospective observational study in a general university hospital

Resumen Objetivo: Encontrar una relación entre los niveles de proteína C reactiva (PCR) y fibrinógeno, y la extensión de la aterosclerosis en el síndrome coronario agudo. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo, en el que se incluyeron 873 pacientes con síndrome coronario atendidos en un hospital entre 2016 y 2018. Se analizaron niveles de PCR y fibrinógeno, marcadores metabólicos y extensión de la aterosclerosis coronaria. Resultados: No se halló correlación positiva entre los niveles de PCR y fibrinógeno y los marcadores metabólicos, así como tampoco con enfermedad de uno, dos y tres vasos (p 0,829; p 0,810). Conclusiones: Los niveles sanguíneos de PCR y fibrinógeno se relacionan con la tasa de eventos cardiovasculares, pero no se ha podido demostrar que exista relación entre estos y la severidad de la aterosclerosis coronaria.

Abstract Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between C - reactive protein and fibrinogen levels and the extent of atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted that include 873 patients with coronary syndrome treated in a hospital between the years 2016 and 2018. An analysis was made that included C - reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, metabolic markers, extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Results: No positive correlation was found between the C - reactive protein and fibrinogen levels and the metabolic markers, nor with one, two, or three vessel disease (P=.829; P=.810). Conclusions: Although blood C-Reactive Protein and fibrinogen levels are associated with the rate of cardiovascular events, this study was unable to demonstrate whether there is a relationship between these and the severity of the coronary atherosclerosis.

O direito à saúde da população LGBT: desafios contemporâneos no contexto do sistema único de saúde / LGBT population's right to health: contemporary challenges in the context of brazilian national health service (SUS) / El derecho a la salud de la población LGBT: desafíos contemporáneos en el contexto del sistema de salud pública de Brasil (SUS)

O direito à saúde da população LGBT brasileira recebeu maior atenção a partir de 2004. Entretanto a efetivação dessas políticas de Estado se encontra prejudicada, como apontam estudos desenvolvidos na segunda década do século XXI. Esta revisão de literatura entra nesse escopo de pesquisas, partindo do artigo "Homossexualidade e o direito à saúde: um desafio para as políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil", para avaliar o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas em saúde voltadas para a população LGBT brasileira entre 2013 e 2019. As pesquisas por artigos deram-se nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - Psicologia Brasil (BVS-Psi), SciELO e PsycINFO. Seis dos 81 artigos encontrados preenchiam os critérios de inclusão. Questionou-se como a socialização dos agentes de saúde em contextos LGBTfóbicos leva a práticas contrárias aos princípios das políticas nacionais voltadas para a proteção dos direitos à população LGBT. Propõe-se fortalecimento das ações educativas voltadas para dissolução de preconceitos.

The Brazilian LGBT population's right to health received more attention as of 2004. However, as studies developed in the last ten years point out, these State policies are still undermined. This literature review enters this research scope considering the article "Homossexualidade e o direito à saúde: um desafio para as políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil" (Homosexuality and the right to health: a challenge for the health public policies in Brazil) to evaluate the changes in the LGBT population's healthcare between 2013 and 2019. We researched in the databases "Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde -Psicologia Brasil" (BVS-Psi), SciELO, and PsycINFO. Out of 81 articles, six of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. How the socialization of health agents in LGBT-phobic contexts causes their practices to contradict the national policies for the protection of the LGBT population was questioned. The proposal is to strengthen educational actions to mitigate prejudices

El derecho de la población LGBT brasileña a la salud recibió mayor atención el 2004. Sin embargo, según estudios conducidos a partir de 2010, esas políticas estatales aún se ven perjudicadas. Esta revisión de la literatura entra en el ámbito de investigación, considerando el artículo "Homossexualidade e o direito à saúde: um desafio para as políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil" (Homosexualidad y derecho a la salud: un desafío para las políticas públicas de salud en Brasil), para evaluar la atención médica de la población LGBT entre 2013 y 2019. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - Psicologia Brasil (BVS-Psi), SciELO y PsycINFO. Entre 81 artículos, seis cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se cuestionó cómo la socialización de los agentes de salud en contextos LGBT-fóbicos hace que sus prácticas contradigan las políticas de protección de los derechos de la población LGBT. Luego, se propone fortalecer acciones educativas para mitigar prejuicios.

Infarto de miocardio tras la administración de adrenalina intragingival ¿Una nueva causa de infarto agudo de miocardio sin enfermedad coronaria aterosclerótica obstructiva? / Myocardial infarction after intra-gingival administration of adrenaline. A new cause of myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary atherosclerosis?

Resumen Es frecuente la relación entre la adrenalina administrada por vía intramuscular y el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica. La adrenalina potencia las hemostasias primaria y secundaria -puede producir trombosis intracoronaria- y causa vasoconstricción transitoria arteriolar. Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente que acudió a urgencias por dolor torácico pocas horas después de una intervención dentaria. En el estudio posterior se descubrió un infarto de miocardio por trombosis intracoronaria de la descendente anterior distal.

Abstract There is a relationship between adrenaline administered intramuscularly and the development of ischaemic heart disease. Adrenaline promotes primary and secondary haemostasis, which can produce a coronary thrombosis and cause a transient arteriolar vasoconstriction. A case is presented of a patient who was seen in the Emergency Department with chest pain a few hours after dental treatment. In the subsequent work-up, it was discovered that she had a myocardial infarction due to a coronary thrombosis of the left anterior distal artery.

Crisis adrenérgica como forma de debut de un neuroblastoma / Adrenergic crisis as a debut form of a neuroblastoma

INTRODUCCIÓN: La forma clínica de presentación más común del neuroblastoma es el de una masa abdominal, pero puede presentarse con sintomatología menos habitual, como es la crisis adrenérgica por liberación de catecolaminas. OBJETIVO: Describir una forma de presentación inusual de neuroblastoma y el amplio diagnóstico diferencial que existe en un lactante con síntomas adrenérgicos. CASO CLÍNICO: Lactante femenina de 7 semanas de vida, consultó por historia de tres semanas de sudoración e irritabilidad a lo que se asoció fiebre de 24 h de evolución y dificultad respiratoria. Al ingreso presentaba mal esta do general, irritabilidad, sudoración, enrojecimiento facial, taquipnea y palidez cutánea, taquicardia sinusal extrema e hipertensión arterial (HTA), interpretadas como sintomatología adrenérgica. Se completó el estudio con una ecografía abdominal y resonancia magnética que mostraron una gran masa retroperitoneal compatible con neuroblastoma. Las catecolaminas en sangre y en orina mostraron altos niveles de dopamina, adrenalina y noradrenalina, probablemente de origen tumoral. Se inició tratamiento antihipertensivo con fármacos alfa bloqueantes con buen control de la tensión arterial. Se resecó quirúrgicamente el tumor sin incidencias y con una adecuada recuperación posterior. La paciente presentó evolución favorable a tres años de seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: en un lactante con sintomatología adrenérgica como irritabilidad, enrojecimiento, sudoración asociada a HTA, se debe descartar patología cardiaca, metabólica (hipoglucemia), intoxicaciones y/o patología suprarrenal. Dentro de esta última, el neuroblastoma es la primera posibilidad diagnóstica, por ser uno de los principales tumores en la infancia y aunque esta presentación no es habitual puede producir estos síntomas.

INTRODUCTION: The most common clinical presentation of neuroblastoma is an abdominal mass, but it can present with uncommon symptoms, such as adrenergic storm due to catecholamine release. OBJECTIVE: To describe an unusual presentation of neuroblastoma and the wide differential diagnosis that exists in an infant with adrenergic symptoms. CLINICAL CASE: A 7-week old female infant was evaluated due to a 3-week history of sweating and irritability associated with a 24-hour fever and respiratory distress. At admission, she presented poor general condition, irritability, sweating, facial redness, tachypnea and skin paleness, extreme sinus tachycardia, and high blood pressure (HBP), interpreted as adrenergic symptoms. The study was completed with abdominal ultrasound and magnetic reso nance imaging that showed a large retroperitoneal mass compatible with neuroblastoma. Plasma and urinary catecholamines tests showed high levels of dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, probably of tumor origin. We started antihypertensive treatment with alpha-blocker drugs, showing a good blood pressure control. The tumor was surgically resected without incidents and adequate subsequent recovery. The patient presented a favorable evolution after three years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In an infant with adrenergic symptoms such as irritability, redness, sweating associated with HBP, it should be ruled out pathology heart or metabolic (hypoglycemia) pathology, intoxications, and/or adrenal pathology. Within this last one, neuroblastoma is the first diagnostic possibility, since it is one of the main tumors in childhood and, although this presentation is not usual, it can produce these symptoms.

Covid-19 safety recommendations for the reopening of the dr. joaquim grava corinthians training facility / Recomendações de segurança na covid-19 para a reabertura do ct dr. joaquim grava do corinthians / Recomendaciones de seguridad en covid-19 para la reapertura del ct dr. joaquim grava de corinthians

ABSTRACT Since December 2019, the world has been fighting the SARS-CoV2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Little is known about vaccines and forms of treatment at this point. However, the importance of preventing transmission is very clear, and one of the main measures is social isolation. Major sports tournaments, including soccer championships, have been suspended or cancelled due to COVID-19, on the grounds of our understanding of the importance of social isolation. Accordingly, large clubs have handed over their stadiums for the construction of field hospitals, and have encouraged health care by providing guidance on hygiene and social distancing. The involvement of soccer in the prevention of this pandemic is due to the fact that its managers understand the importance of this sport in the process, and its influence on fans and players. Over the years, soccer has incorporated scientific and technological knowledge into the game, which has frequently served as a role model for other types of sport and for the population. Therefore, in these extreme times of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no reason to believe it would be any different, and standpoints taken by soccer teams serve as an example and reiterate their role in the educational commitment to society and respect for government authorities. As a result, a protocol was drawn up for the resumption of training, in which all recommendations to be followed by players, managers/backroom staff and employees are in accordance with official health agencies of the national and international government. In other words, the resumption of training is subject to the authorization of government authorities. Level of evidence III; Descriptive study.

RESUMO Desde dezembro de 2019, o mundo vem lutando no combate ao vírus SARS-CoV2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Pouco ainda se sabe sobre formas de tratamento e a vacina. Porém, está muito clara a importância de prevenir a transmissão e, dentre as principais medidas, encontra-se o isolamento social. A partir da compreensão da importância do isolamento social, os principais torneios esportivos foram suspensos ou cancelados devido à COVID-19, inclusive os campeonatos de futebol. Com isso, grandes clubes cederam seus estádios para a construção de hospitais de campanha, além de incentivar os cuidados com a saúde por meio de orientações quanto a higiene e distanciamento social. O envolvimento do futebol na prevenção dessa pandemia acontece porque seus gestores compreendem a importância desse esporte no processo, assim como seu alcance sobre torcedores e praticantes. Com o decorrer dos anos, o futebol incorporou conhecimento científico e tecnológico à sua prática que, em diversos momentos, foi modelo para outras modalidades esportivas e para a população. Portanto, no momento dramático causado pela pandemia da COVID-19, não seria diferente, e as atitudes tomadas pelas equipes de futebol servem de modelo e reiteram seu papel no compromisso educacativo com a sociedade e o respeito às autoridades governamentais. Diante disso, foi elaborado um protocolo de retorno aos treinos, no qual todas as recomendações que devem ser seguidas pelos jogadores, pela comissão técnica e pelos funcionários estão de acordo com órgãos oficiais de saúde do governo nacional e mundial, ou seja, o retorno ao treinamento está sujeito à autorização das autoridades governamentais. Nível de evidência III; Estudo descritivo.

RESUMEN Desde diciembre de 2019, el mundo viene luchando en el combate al virus SARS-CoV2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Poco aún se sabe sobre las formas de tratamiento y la vacuna. Sin embargo, está muy clara la importancia de prevenir la transmisión y, entre las principales medidas, se encuentra el aislamiento social. A partir de la comprensión de la importancia del aislamiento social, los principales torneos deportivos fueron suspendidos o cancelados debido a la COVID-19, inclusive los campeonatos de fútbol. Con eso, los grandes clubes cedieron sus estadios para la construcción de hospitales de campaña, además de incentivar los cuidados con la salud por medio de orientaciones sobre higiene y aislamiento social. La participación del fútbol en la prevención de esta pandemia ocurre porque sus gestores comprenden la importancia de este deporte en el proceso, así como su alcance sobre aficionados y practicantes. Con el transcurso de los años, el fútbol incorporó conocimiento científico y tecnológico a su práctica que, en diversos momentos, fue modelo para otras modalidades deportivas y para la población. Por lo tanto, en el momento dramático causado por la pandemia de COVID-19, no sería diferente, y las actitudes tomadas por los equipos de fútbol sirven de modelo y reiteran su papel en el compromiso educativo con la sociedad y el respeto a las autoridades gubernamentales. Delante de eso, fue elaborado un protocolo de retorno a los entrenamientos, en el cual todas las recomendaciones que deben ser seguidas por los jugadores, por la comisión técnica y por los funcionarios están de acuerdo con los órganos oficiales de salud del gobierno nacional y mundial, o sea, el retorno al entrenamiento está sujeto a la autorización de las autoridades gubernamentales. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio Descriptivo.

Chronotype in bipolar disorder: an 18-month prospective study

Objective: Circadian dysregulation plays an important role in the etiology of mood disorders. Evening chronotype is frequent in these patients. However, prospective studies about the influence of chronotype on mood symptoms have reached unclear conclusions in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between chronotype and prognostic factors for BD. Methods: At the baseline, 80 euthymic BD patients answered a demographic questionnaire and clinical scales to evaluate anxiety, functioning and chronotype. Circadian preference was measured using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, in which lower scores indicate eveningness. Mood episodes and hospitalizations were evaluated monthly for 18 months. Results: Among the BD patients, 14 (17.5%) were definitely morning type, 35 (43.8%), moderately morning, 27 (33.7%) intermediate (neither) and 4 (5%) moderately evening. Eveningness was associated with obesity or overweight (p = 0.03), greater anxiety (p = 0.002) and better functioning (p = 0.01), as well as with mood episodes (p = 0.04), but not with psychiatric hospitalizations (p = 0.82). This group tended toward depressive episodes (p = 0.06), but not (hypo)mania (p = 0.56). Conclusion: This study indicated that evening chronotype predicts a poor prognostic for BD. It reinforces the relevance of treating rhythm disruptions even during euthymia to improve patient quality of life and prevent mood episodes.

Chronotype in bipolar disorder: an 18-month prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Circadian dysregulation plays an important role in the etiology of mood disorders. Evening chronotype is frequent in these patients. However, prospective studies about the influence of chronotype on mood symptoms have reached unclear conclusions in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between chronotype and prognostic factors for BD. METHODS: At the baseline, 80 euthymic BD patients answered a demographic questionnaire and clinical scales to evaluate anxiety, functioning and chronotype. Circadian preference was measured using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, in which lower scores indicate eveningness. Mood episodes and hospitalizations were evaluated monthly for 18 months. RESULTS: Among the BD patients, 14 (17.5%) were definitely morning type, 35 (43.8%), moderately morning, 27 (33.7%) intermediate (neither) and 4 (5%) moderately evening. Eveningness was associated with obesity or overweight (p = 0.03), greater anxiety (p = 0.002) and better functioning (p = 0.01), as well as with mood episodes (p = 0.04), but not with psychiatric hospitalizations (p = 0.82). This group tended toward depressive episodes (p = 0.06), but not (hypo)mania (p = 0.56). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that evening chronotype predicts a poor prognostic for BD. It reinforces the relevance of treating rhythm disruptions even during euthymia to improve patient quality of life and prevent mood episodes.