Effect of tetanic stimulation prior to train-of-four monitoring on the time to muscle response stabilization with neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium in patients aged 60 to 80 years: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of tetanic stimulation on the time to achieve stabilization of the T1 height, by acceleromyography train-of-four (TOF) ratio monitoring, in patients aged 60 to 80 years. METHODS: Randomized, prospective, single-blind, controlled trial in patients aged 60 to 80 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia in two university hospitals in Brazil between December 2019 and March 2022. This trial was performed in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and the guidelines for good clinical research practice in pharmacodynamic studies of neuromuscular blocking agents II. Participants were randomly allocated by computer-generated numbers to receive tetanic stimulation (intervention group, n = 25) or not receive tetanic stimulation (control group, n = 25) to achieve T1 height stabilization on TOF ratio monitoring. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the effect of tetanic stimulation on the time to achieve stabilization of the T1 height. We also evaluated the effect on the onset time of rocuronium and time to recover from neuromuscular blockade with a single dose of rocuronium 0.6 mg.kg-1 with spontaneous recovery. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the time to T1 height stabilization (intervention: 4.3 [2.0-8.0] min; control: 5.8 [2.0-10.5] min; p = 0.202), onset time of the neuromuscular blocking agent (intervention: 1.9 [±0.7] min; control: 2.2 [±1.0] min; p = 0.219), or neuromuscular blockade recovery times to normalized TOF values of 0.7 (intervention: 106.1 [±37.2] min; control: 91.7 [±27.5] min; p = 0.295), 0.8 (intervention: 114.3 [±40.1] min; control: 97.8 [±28.9] min; p = 0.225), 0.9 (intervention: 126.5 [±44.0] min; control: 106.9 [±30.6] min; p = 0.153), and 1.0 (intervention: 138.3 [±43.4] min; control: 123.8 [±43.5] min; p = 0.425). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the recommendation to use tetanic stimulation to shorten the time to T1 height stabilization in neuromuscular monitoring did not alter the stabilization time of the T1 twitch or the pharmacodynamics of neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium in patients aged 60 to 80 years.

Rabdomiólise em paciente obeso mórbido submetido a gastroplastia redutora e durante revascularização de membro superior em paciente pediátrico: relato de casos

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A rabdomiólise é uma síndrome que decorre da lesão ao músculo esquelético. Sua etiologia é ampla, trazendo um interesse particular, quando se manifesta como complicação intra ou pós-anestésica. O objetivo desse relato foi mostrar dois casos de rabdomiólise ocorridos no pós-operatório de intervenções cirúrgicas de longa duração, em pacientes com obesidade mórbida e lesão traumática, enfatizando a sua relação com a anestesia. RELATO DOS CASOS: O primeiro caso é de um paciente com 39 anos, obeso mórbido, IMC 62, submetido a gastroplastia redutora por laparotomia, sob anestesia geral. Apresentou, no pós-operatório, fraqueza muscular nos membros superiores e inferiores e alterações da sensibilidade. Evoluiu com dor muscular e urina avermelhada. O aumento dos níveis plasmáticos da enzima creatinocinase (CK) confirmou o diagnóstico de rabdomiólise. Tratado com hidratação forçada e diurético, não evoluiu com insuficiência renal, porém teve alta com seqüela muscular e neurológica. O segundo caso apresenta uma criança de sete anos, vítima de acidente com porta de vidro, operada de urgência para revascularização do membro superior esquerdo. Apresentou mudança da coloração da urina, que se tornou avermelhada, durante a anestesia. Foram administrados bicarbonato de sódio e manitol por via venosa, com os objetivos de alcalinizar a urina e aumentar o débito urinário. Enviado ao CTI, onde foi confirmada a hipótese de rabdomiólise, pelo aumento da enzima CK e pela mioglobinúria. Obteve alta no 10° dia de internação, sem seqüelas. CONCLUSÕES: Os casos apresentados mostraram os fatores de risco da rabdomiólise e sua relação com a anestesia e a cirurgia. O diagnóstico precoce é importante, no sentido de um tratamento rápido e agressivo, a fim de se evitarem complicações mais graves.

[Rhabdomyolysis in morbidly obese patient submitted to gastric bypass and during upper limb revascularization of pediatric patient: case reports.]. / Rabdomiólise em paciente obeso mórbido submetido a gastroplastia redutora e durante revascularização de membro superior em paciente pediátrico: relato de casos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome caused by skeletal muscle injury. Its etiology is broad with special interest when it is manifested as intra or post-anesthetic complication. This report aimed at describing two cases of rhabdomyolysis in the postoperative period of long procedures in morbidly obese and trauma injury patients, emphasizing its correlation with anesthesia. CASE REPORTS: The first case is a 39-year old, morbidly obese patient, BMI 62, submitted to laparoscopic gastric bypass under general anesthesia. In the postoperative period patient presented upper and lower limbs muscle weakness and changes in sensitivity evolving with muscle pain and reddish urine. Increased creatinokinase (CK) plasma levels confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. Patient was treated with forced and diuretic hydration, has not evolved with renal failure, but was discharged with muscular and neurological sequelae. The second case is a 7-year old child victim of accident with a glass door, who was submitted to emergency procedure for left upper limb revascularization. During anesthesia urine color has changed becoming reddish. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate and mannitol were administered to alkalinize the urine and increase urinary output. Patient was referred to the ICU where rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by increased CK enzyme and myoglobinuria. Patient was discharged 10 days later without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Cases have shown risk factors for rhabdomyolysis and their relationship with anesthesia and surgery. Early diagnosis is critical for a fast and aggressive treatment to prevent more severe complications.