A 5-year comprehensive evaluation of maxillofacial injuries in polytrauma patients at a tertiary hospital - an epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVES: To report and analyze the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in trauma victims and to define the role of a maxillofacial surgeon in an emergency trauma care team. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trauma patients reported and reporting to the casualty of a tertiaryhospital with facial injuries and other suspected concomitant injuries in the body were included in this study. The complete medical and radiographic records of each patient were reviewed and data was collected in a standard proforma in this 5-year clinical study (3 year of retrospective and 2 year of prospective study). The complete data related to the facial injuries and associated systemic trauma was recorded and statistical analysis conducted. RESULTS: A total of 18,369 patients with trauma were admitted to the hospital from May 2018 to April 2023. Out of these, 11,277 (61.4%) were males and 7,092 (38.6%) were females. Seventy percent of the reported cases with trauma were in the age group of 14-40 years. The incidence of trauma during the monsoon season was highest (n = 7,927, 43%). The commonest etiological factor leading to trauma was road traffic accident (n = 4,510, 40%). Among facial injuries, the mandibular fractures (n = 1,821, 41%) were predominant. CONCLUSIONS: The management of polytrauma patients should be undertaken by a team of specialists which should include a maxillofacial surgeon as facial injuries were common. This data is essential in developing and assessing the preventative strategies aimed at decreasing the frequency of facial and other injuries.

Antioxidant effect of spirulina in chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorpho nuclear neutrophils occurs in chronic periodontitis. These ROS are mainly involved in bacterial destruction. However, extracellular release of same results in destruction of surrounding tissue. Spirulina, a potent antioxidant when administered sub gingivally in pockets can offer improved results in chronic periodontitis patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Spirulina when delivered sub gingivally in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Sixty chronic periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I (n = 30) were treated with Scaling and Root planning (SRP) followed by placement of placebo (SRP-P) and in Group II (n = 30) Spirulina microspheres were placed sub gingivally (SRP-S) following SRP. Clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated. Levels of salivary and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated using ultra violet spectrophotometer. RESULTS: At baseline, in both groups there was no statistically significant difference in clinical and biochemical parameters. Intra group comparisons of parameters from baseline to 90 days were statistically significant in both groups. After 90 days difference in clinical parameters and salivary MDA levels were statistically significant in SRP-S compared to SRP-P group. Though serum MDA levels were reduced in both groups, they were not significant statistically. CONCLUSIONS: Our study concluded that, local drug delivery of Spirulina adjunctive to SRP has potent antioxidant effect in treatment of chronic periodontitis.