[Review of a pioneer book on epidemics by Risueño de Amador (1829)]. / Revisión de un libro pionero sobre epidemias de Risueño de Amador (1829).

This article reviews and comments on the epidemiological book written by the Spanish physician Benigno Risueño de Amador (1802-1849), initially published in French (1829), and its subsequent translation into Spanish (1831). This retrospective documentary case study of a scientific-medical manual reviews the contents of the book, highlighting its most important aspects. This almost 200-year-old book can be considered a valuable, early contribution to epidemiology, and a sign of the great concern in early 19th Europe about the subject of epidemics. It represents a valuable contribution that shows the enormous efforts made to advance in this medical discipline towards a more scientific position at an incipient microbial time.

En este artículo se revisa y comenta el libro de epidemiología escrito por el médico español Benigno Risueño de Amador (1802-1849), publicado inicialmente en francés (1829) y posteriormente traducido al español (1831). Este estudio documental retrospectivo de un manual científico-médico glosa el contenido del libro, destacando sus aspectos más importantes. El libro de casi doscientos años de antigüedad puede considerarse una valiosa y temprana contribución a la epidemiología, así como una muestra de la gran preocupación existente en la Europa de principios del siglo XIX por el tema de las epidemias. Representa además una valiosa contribución española, que muestra los esfuerzos realizados para avanzar en esta disciplina médica hacia una posición más científica en una época incipientemente microbiana.

Revisión de un libro pionero sobre epidemias de Risueño de Amador (1829) / Review of a pioneer book on epidemics by Risueño de Amador (1829)

En este artículo se revisa y comenta el libro de epidemiología escrito por el médico español Benigno Risueño de Amador (1802-1849), publicado inicialmente en francés (1829) y posteriormente traducido al español (1831). Este estudio documental retrospectivo de un manual científico-médico glosa el contenido del libro, destacando sus aspectos más importantes. El libro de casi doscientos años de antigüedad puede considerarse una valiosa y temprana contribución a la epidemio-logía, así como una muestra de la gran preocupación existente en la Europa de principios del siglo XIX por el tema de las epidemias. Representa además una valiosa contribución española, que muestra los esfuerzos realizados para avanzar en esta disciplina médica hacia una posición más científica en una época incipientemente microbiana.(AU)

This article reviews and comments on the epidemiological book written by the Spanish physician Benigno Risueño de Amador (1802-1849), initially published in French (1829), and its subsequent translation into Spanish (1831). This retrospective documentary case study of a scientific-medical manual reviews the contents of the book, highlighting its most important aspects. This almost 200-year-old book can be considered a valuable, early contribution to epidemiology, and a sign of the great concern in early 19th Europe about the subject of epidemics. It represents a valuable contribution that shows the enormous efforts made to advance in this medical discipline towards a more scientific position at an incipient microbial time.(AU)

Hyperspectral imaging benchmark based on machine learning for intraoperative brain tumour detection.

Brain surgery is one of the most common and effective treatments for brain tumour. However, neurosurgeons face the challenge of determining the boundaries of the tumour to achieve maximum resection, while avoiding damage to normal tissue that may cause neurological sequelae to patients. Hyperspectral (HS) imaging (HSI) has shown remarkable results as a diagnostic tool for tumour detection in different medical applications. In this work, we demonstrate, with a robust k-fold cross-validation approach, that HSI combined with the proposed processing framework is a promising intraoperative tool for in-vivo identification and delineation of brain tumours, including both primary (high-grade and low-grade) and secondary tumours. Analysis of the in-vivo brain database, consisting of 61 HS images from 34 different patients, achieve a highest median macro F1-Score result of 70.2 ± 7.9% on the test set using both spectral and spatial information. Here, we provide a benchmark based on machine learning for further developments in the field of in-vivo brain tumour detection and delineation using hyperspectral imaging to be used as a real-time decision support tool during neurosurgical workflows.

Trapping Behaviour of Duddingtonia flagrans against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Cattle under Year-Round Grazing Conditions.

The purpose of using nematophagous fungi as biological control agents of gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock is to reduce the build-up of infective larvae on pasture and thus avoid clinical and subclinical disease. As the interaction of fungus-larval stages takes place in the environment, it is crucial to know how useful the fungal agents are throughout the seasons in areas where livestock graze all year-round. This study was designed to determine the predatory ability of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle during four experiments set up in different seasons. In each experiment, faeces containing eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes were mixed with 11,000 chlamydospores/g and deposited on pasture plots. A comparison between fungal-added faeces and control faeces without fungus were made with regard to pasture infectivity, larval presence in faecal pats, faecal cultures, faecal pat weight, and temperature inside the faecal mass. In three of the four experiments, Duddingtonia flagrans significantly reduced the population of infective larvae in cultures (68 to 97%), on herbage (80 to 100%), and inside the faecal pats (70 to 95%). The study demonstrated the possibility of counting on a biological control tool throughout most of the year in cattle regions with extensive grazing seasons.

A review of the use of Duddingtonia flagrans as a biological controller of strongylid nematodes in horses.

In horses, the nematodes of the Strongylidae family are the most important due to their prevalence and pathogenicity. Sanitary plans include parasite control based on chemical anthelmintics. Among these, the benzimidazole compounds have been used since the 1960s to control the nematode Strongylus vulgaris. Its inappropriate use resulted in the development of resistance in parasites with a shorter biological cycle, such as the small strongyles. Currently, the genera that make up this group show widespread resistance to all chemical treatments available in veterinary medicine, except for macrocyclic lactones, where less effective action has been detected. The need to find alternative routes for its control is recognized. International organizations and markets are increasingly restrictive in the allowed levels of drugs in products of animal origin, so one of the drawbacks is the permanence of chemical compounds in tissues. Therefore, other tools not chemically based are proposed, such as the biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes. Various research groups around the world have carried out tests on the control capacity of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against this group of parasites. The objective of this review is to compile the different tests that are available on biological control in this species, in in vivo and in vitro tests, and the possible incorporation of this tool as an alternative method of antiparasitic control in an integrated control scheme of parasites.

Análisis bibliométrico de la investigación española de impacto en Enfermería Educativa / Bibliometric analysis of the Spanish research with impact in Nursing Educatio

El objetivo de este estudio es elaborar una revisión bibliométrica de la producción española en Enfermería Educativa. Se indaga el tópico de la Enfermería Educativa española a través de documentos indexados en las bases de la Web of Science (WoS) desde 1991 a 2021 usando un diseño descriptivo y cuantitativo (bibliométrico) en una muestra de 927 documentos (artículos, ensayos clínicos y revisiones). La producción diacrónica muestra una tendencia creciente. Las universidades más productivas suelen ser las del arco mediterráneo español. Nurse Education Today es la revista más editora y también la más citada. El promedio de citas por documento es 11 y un índice h de Hirsch de 46. Se exponen los documentos más citados. Se confirma la Enfermería Educativa española como un tópico de investigación científica relevante (hot topic) homologable a cualquier tópico cualificado de las disciplinas de las Ciencias de la Salud.(AU)

The objective of this study is to elaborate a bibliometric review of the Spanish production in Educational Nursing. The topic of Spanish Nursing Education is explored through research documents indexed in the bases of the Web of Science from 1991 to 2021 using a descriptive and quantitative (bibliometric) design with a sample of 927 documents (articles, clinical trials and reviews). Longitudinal production shows an increasing trend. The most productive universities are from the Spanish Mediterranean arc. The journal Nurse Education Today is the most important publisher and the most cited journal. The average number of citations per document is 11 citations with a Hirsch h-index of 46. Spanish Nursing Education is confirmed as a relevant scientific research topic (hot topic) with bibliometric patterns comparable to those of any qualified topic of the Health Sciences.(AU)

Higher cardiovascular risk scores and liver fibrosis risk estimated by biomarkers in patients with metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: The definition of metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) allows identification of metabolically complicated patients. Fibrosis risk scores are related to cardiovascular risk (CVR) scores and could be useful for the identification of patients at risk of systemic complications. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between MAFLD and CVR using the Framingham risk score in a group of Mexican patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study carried out in a cohort of 585 volunteers in the state of Veracruz with MAFLD criteria. The risk of liver fibrosis was calculated with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease score and fibrosis-4, as well as with transient hepatic elastography with Fibroscan®. The CVR was determined by the Framingham system. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five participants (21.4%) with MAFLD criteria were evaluated, average age 54.4 years, 63.2% were women, body mass index 32.3 kg/m2. The Framingham CVR was high in 43 patients (33.9%). Transient elastography was performed in 55.2% of volunteers; 39.1% with high CVR and predominance in advanced fibrosis (F3-F4). The logistic regression analysis showed that liver fibrosis, diabetes and hypertension independently increased CVR. CONCLUSION: One of every three patients with MAFLD had a high CVR, and in those with high fibrosis risk, the CVR risk was even greater.

Documentos españoles sobre enseñanza de la medicina en el siglo XIX / Spanish documents about teaching of Medicine in the 19th century

Introducción: Este estudio indaga la producción de documentos españoles publicados a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX, centrados en consideraciones pedagógicas sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la medicina y sus especialidades, y que no son libros de texto o manuales específicos de medicina.Materiales y métodos.Estudio diacrónico retrospectivo de análisis documental que usa una muestra intencional de títulos de documentos relativos a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la medicina en España, recuperados tras una búsqueda en la base CISNE-UCM con la secuencia de palabras clave: Enseñanza y Medicina. Desde: 1800 a 1900.Resultados.Se recuperaron 33 documentos. La relación de títulos expuesta, como ordenanzas, memorias, lecciones inaugurales, ensayos, propuestas de reforma, directrices, reflexiones y orientaciones, es abundante. Algunos títulos se muestran como de una singular relevancia; por ejemplo, el discurso de Sánchez Toca, los ensayos de Salvá y Campillo o las minuciosas instrucciones generales y numeradas del libro de Guerra, los cuales pueden considerarse cualificados aportes pioneros de una pedagogía médica española.Conclusiones.Todos estos documentos tienen un común denominador: la mejora de la enseñanza de la medicina. La producción de documentos, tanto en calidad como en cantidad, disiparía la creencia de la baja preocupación española por la enseñanza de la medicina con criterios modernos. (AU)

Introduction: This study inquiries the production of Spanish documents published throughout the 19th century, focused on pedagogical considerations on the teaching and learning of Medicine and its specialties, and which are not textbooks or manuals specific of Medicine.Materials and methods.Retrospective diachronic study of documentary analysis using a purposive sample of titles of documents related to the teaching-learning of Medicine in Spain, retrieved after a search in the CISNE-UCM database with the keyword sequence: Teaching and Medicine. From: 1800 to 1900.Results.Thirty-three documents were retrieved. The list of titles exposed as ordinances, memoirs, inaugural lectures, essays, reform proposals, guidelines, reflections and orientations is ample. Some titles are revealed as being of singular relevance; for example: the Sánchez Toca's speech, the essays of Salvá and Campillo, the meticulous general or numbered instructions of Guerra's book, which can be considered as qualified pioneering contributions of a Spanish medical pedagogy.Conclusions.All these documents have a common denominator: the improvement of the teaching of Medicine. The production of documents both in quality and quantity would dispel the belief of the low Spanish concern for medical education with modern criteria. (AU)

Cerrando el círculo / Closing the circle

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Extended Blind End-member and Abundance Estimation with Spatial Total Variation for Hyperspectral Imaging.

Blind linear unmixing (BLU) methods allow the separation of multi and hyperspectral data into end-members and abundance maps in an unsupervised fashion. However, due to incident noise, the abundance maps can exhibit high presence of granularity. To address this problem, in this paper, we present a novel proposal for BLU that considers spatial coherence in the abundance estimations, through a total spatial variation component. The proposed BLU formulation is based on the blind end-member and abundance extraction perspective with total spatial variation (EBEAE-STV). In EBEAE-STV, internal abundances are added to incorporate the spatial coherence in the cost function, which is solved by a coordinates descent algorithm. The results with synthetic data show that the proposed algorithm can significantly decrease the granularity in the estimated abundances, and the estimation errors and computational times are lower compared to state of the art methodologies.Clinical relevance- The proper and robust estimation of end-members and their respective contributions (abundances) in multi-spectral and hyper-spectral images from the proposed EBEAE-STV methodology might provide useful information in several biomedical applications, such as chemometric analysis on different biological samples, tumor identification and brain tissue classification for hyper-spectral imaging, among others.

In vitro efficacy of different concentrations of Duddingtonia flagrans on varying egg densities of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

The nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans, used for the biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock, is fed to infected animals so its chlamydospores and the parasite eggs are voided together with faeces where the fungus preys on nematode larvae, thus reducing pasture infectivity. The number of chlamydospores needed for the fungus to be efficient in the presence of a wide range in numbers of parasitic eggs is largely unknown and a matter of discussion. The aim of this study was to determine the fungal efficacy of four different chlamydospore concentrations against three different levels of cattle faecal egg counts. Fungal concentrations of 11000, 6250, 3000 and 1000 chlamydospores/gram of faeces (cpg) were added to cultures containing 840, 480 or 100 eggs/gram of faeces (epg). After 14 days of incubation, the efficacy of D. flagrans, in decreasing order of chlamydospore concentrations, ranged from 100% (P < 0.0001) to 77% (P > 0.0999) in the 100 epg groups; 100% (P < 0.0001) to 92% (P = 0.4625) in the 480 epg groups and 100% (P < 0.0001) to 96% (P = 0.7081) in the 840 epg groups. The results indicate that the numbers of eggs in cattle faeces were not a determining factor on the fungal efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes.