Tourism promotion during emergency response to Omicron subvariant outbreak.

This study aimed to explore optimal ways to promote all kinds of tourism during the phase of emergency response to the current outbreak of Omicron subvariants. A framework-based systematic literature review was conducted as the primary methodology, supported by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses checklist. Four analytical units were allocated to include United Nations agencies, governments, tour businesses, and local communities. Economic interest-based tourism promotion was examined to develop local temperature-based tourism promotion via the same four variables. The study found that the pursuit of economic interests was not a productive solution for tourism promotion any longer due to the matter of local weather. It concluded that the four stakeholders should work to replace economic interest-based tourism promotion with local temperature-based tourism promotion. Results of this study can guide the positive effects of warm temperatures, brand image, psychological impacts, digital marketing, and others.

Reviewing stakeholders during the Itaewon Halloween crowd crush, Korea 2022: Qualitative content analysis.

Background: The issue of crowd crushes has been not only very complicated but also uncertain. This article aimed to evaluate how situations such as the Itaewon Halloween crowd crush in South Korea in 2022 can be better managed to reduce human loss. Methods: Qualitative analysis was the key methodology used to compare emergency planning for ordinary events with contingency planning for special events, focusing on four stakeholders, namely governments, businesses, voluntary organizations, and other local communities. Results: The key finding was that all stakeholders would need to supplement emergency planning for ordinary events with contingency planning for special events for the nation. They must embody cooperation, cutting-edge technologies, routinized updates, situation awareness, political rationality, training and exercise, and others, based on inclusion. Conclusions: This is a pioneer study that examined the Itaewon crowd crush more comprehensively than others in particular by including many disaster management principles.

Decreasing corruption in the field of disaster management.

Corruption has always existed in the field of national disaster management. Although many case studies on (anti)corruption have been carried out, these works have not dealt sufficiently with the evidence. The present research aims to study how to shift from corruption to anti-corruption, or simply, how to decrease corruption within the system. The comparative perspective is applied as the major methodology. The "damp-ground" style is where corruption breeds, whereas the "sunshine-based" style is where disaster management ethics, structure, transparency, and regional characteristics are established, sustained, and maximized. Therefore, the personnel, system, operating principles, and other relevant factors need to evolve and change to contribute significantly to the sunshine-based model. In this regard, stakeholders should carry out their roles and responsibilities effectively to succeed in disaster impact mitigation and overall disaster management. The contribution of this work lies in providing a comprehensive viewpoint on the shift from damp-ground corruption to sunshine-based anti-corruption toward the ultimate goal of disaster mitigation.

Targeting the Variants of COVID-19 via the Unlimited Approach.

Coronavirus has continued to evolve and has thus caused unprecedented challenges for human society. Multiple nations have fully or partially relied on the limited approach against the COVID-19 variants, which includes not wearing face masks, vaccine hesitancy, and political conflicts. For effective pandemic management, all nations still need to adhere to the unlimited approach, which includes wearing face masks, vaccination, and risk-oriented strategies. Despite many people's resistance to these relatively restrictive measures, the society could not only reduce physical impacts but also social impacts of COVID-19 variants in time, in particular without flexibly relying on the unlimited approach.

Application of the "water flow decision pattern" to Asian disaster response.

This research aimed to provide a new decision pattern toward the ultimate goal of improving Asian disaster management. The "water flow decision pattern," which is likened to the natural flow of water, was proposed to facilitate smooth decision-making by decision makers. Text document analysis with emphasis on a qualitative technique was used as the major methodology. Five failure cases were analyzed: the sinking of the ferry Sewol in Korea, the drought in India, the SARS outbreak in China, the nuclear leakage in Fukushima, and the typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. The key finding was that the water flow decision pattern comprehensively combines five decision factors, namely, weight, availability, timeliness, emplacement, and roundabout. Hence, Asian nations may consider its application as a theoretical frame in the future, after appropriate training and exercise are carried out.

Changes in awareness on face mask use in Korea.

The present research aims to determine, from the perspective of public health nursing, how Koreans have implemented the mandatory use of face masks during the COVID-19 outbreak by increasing public awareness in the following order: familiarly wearing, frequently wearing, and always wearing a face mask. Other nations may consider applying in their own policies the lessons learned by Korea regarding changes in awareness on face mask use.

The issue of decisiveness in the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea.

Based on five stakeholders (the central government, local governments, hospitals, businesses and local communities), the Republic of Korea must shift from its current indecisive approach to a decisive approach to the COVID-19 outbreak. Other nations should also consider the issue of decisiveness before it is too late.

Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Disaster Management.

Disability inclusion of children in disaster management means to identify and then eliminate the challenges faced by children with disabilities during disaster occurrence. The present research aimed to explore how the challenges of children with disabilities can be resolved in disaster management. Qualitative content analysis was used to compare individual-stakeholder-based disaster management with all-stakeholder disaster management considering three stakeholders: developed nations, developing nations, and international organizations. A key finding is that these stakeholders must shift from the individual-stakeholder-based approach to the all-stakeholders approach while enhancing disaster medicine, education, monitoring, and implementation stages. A comprehensive framework of disability inclusion is proposed to reflect effective disaster management for these children.

Mitigating Psychological Impact: The Experience of Korean Disaster Management.

The psychological impact of disasters has not been adequately addressed in Korea. This research aims to evaluate how Korea should improve its management of the psychological impact of disasters toward the ultimate goal of effective disaster management. Qualitative content analysis is the main method applied. Nonprofessional management is compared with professional management by considering governments, psychology specialists, disaster victims, and local communities. The main finding is that Korea must change its current management style from nonprofessional to professional. Neighboring nations need to implement supplementary measures toward adopting a systematic approach that considers all phases of the disaster management cycle, emergency planning, and a long-term approach. The value of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the issue of psychological impact from the perspective of disaster management in Korea.

The principle of distance during COVID-19 outbreak in Korea.

The majority of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Korea have been related to mass infection. The nation must urgently promote the distance awareness approach during emergency response and discourage the distance unawareness approach. Other nations may also apply the principle of distance to their pandemic management.

Conceptualization of Major Stakeholders in Emergency Management of Childcare Facilities.

This study aims to conceptualize the key stakeholders in emergency management of childcare facilities for applicable nations by referring to the Korean case. Qualitative content analysis is the main methodology used. Unique features are gathered from the Korean literature on childcare facilities and then summarized; however, universal principles from the English language literature on international childcare facilities are emphasized. The analysis of five major stakeholders in Korean childcare facilities, namely, governments, community personnel, parents, childcare providers, and children, shows that their current efforts are directed only at general safety management. Multi-hazard management or an integrated approach in terms of social work is thus provided as an alternative for not only Korea but also other nations.

A Lesson Learned from the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea.

Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. Further, the nation needs to fully establish and activate the national emergency operation framework.

Emergency response to the outbreak of COVID-19: the Korean case.

This letter aims to describe how Korea can improve its emergency response to the outbreak of COVID-19. The key finding is that the nation has to shift from a self-interest-oriented response to a shared-interest-oriented response. Similarly, neighboring nations could form a national framework of networks among stakeholders.

Integrating the resources of Korean disaster management research via the Johari window.

It is not widely known that quite a few researchers are faced with difficulties in using various resources of disaster management research in Korea. The article aims to assess how rigorously the Korean field of disaster management research resources has been managed or how it can be improved for the ultimate goal of disaster management. Descriptive content analysis has been used as the major methodology by referring to the Johari window. In doing so, electronic research resources have been systematically compared with integrated research resources via the perspective of Korean-speaking researchers and that of English-speaking researchers. The conclusion is that two researchers have to be integrated with all four research resources (open, blind, hidden, and unknown resources) by implementing assigned responsibilities as well as freely asking questions. Ultimately, this will be conducive to reducing down the impacts of disaster in Korea.