ABSTRACT
Background: Rosacea is a multifactorial skin inflammatory disorder with an unknown cure. Genetics and environmental factors such as microorganisms are involved in the rosacea etiology, for example, Helicobacter pylori have been suggested in rosacea progression. The present study investigated the relationship between H. pylori eradication and rosacea patient's improvement. Materials and Methods: H. pylori infection was investigated in 60 rosacea patients and 65 sex- and age-matched healthy control through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HpSag tests. After infection confirmation, randomly half of the rosacea patients were treated for H. pylori eradication (test), and others received standard treatment (control). HpSag and ELISA tests were repeated after infection eradication and disease flow was surveyed for 60 days. The groups were compared using the ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) test at the significant level of P < 0.05. Results: At the baseline, the mean of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (59.27 ± 41.4 RU/mL) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (11.55 ± 6.1 RU/mL) in rosacea patients was higher than the level of IgG (41.38 ± 54.33 RU/mL) and IgM (8.11 ± 8.91 RU/mL) in healthy control (P < 0.04) and (P < 0.01), respectively. Also, the values for H. pylori infection were positive in all patients and 10 healthy controls. The mean titer of IgM and IgG in the test and control patients groups were different at baseline and after treatment. Furthermore, in the test patients group, the mean of IgG was reduced in active rosacea after treatment, and 63.9% of active patients showed rosacea remission after H. pylori eradication. Conclusion: Data suggest the exacerbating role of H. pylori in rosacea, and its eradication along with other therapeutic methods causes rosacea improvement.
ABSTRACT
Different studies have shown the role of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine) in the progression of cancers via their various types of receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of dopamine receptors gene expression on MCF-7 cells and to evaluate the selective dopamine receptors agonist and antagonist effects on them. In addition, some other discoveries which are patented for the treatment of breast cancer are reviewed in this article. To determine the pattern of dopamine receptors gene expression in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), RT-PCR was performed. Then, MCF-7 cells were treated by different doses of bromocriptine and remoxipride for 48 hours. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Thus, nuclear morphology of cells was analyzed by mixed dye florescent staining. Real time PCR technique was performed to determine the decreasing rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene expression in treated MCF-7 cells. Finally, quantification of apoptosis and its difference with necrosis at the single cell level were assessed by Flowcytometery technique. This study revealed that, unlike remoxipride, bromocriptine suppressed proliferation of the MCF-7 cells (54.3% at 12.5µM bromocriptine concentration), but remoxipride could suppress the effect of bromocriptine. Bromocriptine has inhibitory effects on MCF- 7 cells by induction of apoptosis via D2-like receptors. Therefore, in future studies, bromocriptine can be used as a new choice for the treatment of tumoral breast cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology , Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Apoptosis/drug effects , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Bromocriptine/administration & dosage , Bromocriptine/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Dopamine Agonists/administration & dosage , Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Patents as Topic , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/genetics , Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists , Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects , Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics , Remoxipride/administration & dosage , Remoxipride/pharmacologyABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health problem in several endemic countries. Recent studies on mouse model and also a few clinical experiments showed that the type of immune response generated at the site of infection and especially balance between regulatory and effector T-cells determines the outcome of the disease toward self-limiting or long-lasting lesions. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) in early and late cutaneous lesions of human Leishmania major (L. major) infection. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Skin biopsies were collected from parasitologically proven lesions of 28 CL patients, divided into two groups of early and late lesions. The causative agents were identified to be L. major. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescent staining of biopsies were used to assess the Foxp3 mRNA expression and frequency of nTregs in two groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the significance of deference between the two groups. RESULTS: Mean relative expressions of Foxp3 mRNA were 0.53 ± 0.23 and 1.26 ± 0.99 in early and late lesions, respectively, which was significantly upper in chronic lesions (P = 0.007). Parallel results were obtained in tissue staining method. CONCLUSIONS: Increased in gene expression and protein staining of nTreg markers in chronic biopsy samples indicates a role for these cells in chronic L. major induced leishmaniasis and supports the effectiveness of regulatory T cell-based immunotherapy for treatment of chronic CL.
