A novel post-1950 CE atmospheric 14C record for the tropics using absolutely dated tree rings in the equatorial Amazon.

In this study, we present a comprehensive atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) record spanning from 1940 to 2016, derived from 77 single tree rings of Cedrela odorata located in the Eastern Amazon Basin (EAB). This record, comprising 175 high-precision 14C measurements obtained through accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), offers a detailed chronology of post-1950 CE (Common Era) 14C fluctuations in the Tropical Low-Pressure Belt (TLPB). To ensure accuracy and reliability, we included 14C-AMS results from intra-annual successive cuts of the tree rings associated to the calendar years 1962 and 1963 and conducted interlaboratory comparisons. In addition, 14C concentrations in 1962 and 1963 single-year cuts also allowed to verify tissue growth seasonality. The strategic location of the tree, just above the Amazon River and estuary areas, prevented the influence of local fossil-CO2 emissions from mining and trade activities in the Central Amazon Basin on the 14C record. Our findings reveal a notable increase in 14C from land-respired CO2 starting in the 1970s, a decade earlier than previously predicted, followed by a slight decrease after 2000, signaling a transition towards the fossil fuel era. This shift is likely attributed to changes in reservoir sources or global atmospheric dynamics. The EAB 14C record, when compared with a shorter record from Muna Island, Indonesia, highlights regional differences and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of global 14C variations at low latitudes. This study not only fills critical spatial gaps in existing 14C compilations but also aids in refining the demarcation of 14C variations over South America. The extended tree-ring 14C record from the EAB is pivotal for reevaluating global patterns, particularly in the context of the current global carbon budget, and underscores the importance of tropical regions in understanding carbon-climate feedbacks.

Research Progress on Pathogenesis of Congenital Pure Red Cell Aplasia---Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Congenital pure red cell aplasia, also known as Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), is a hereditary disease characterized by pure red cell aplasia and congenital malformation. Its main clinical features are anemia, dysplasia, and tumor susceptibility. Ribosomal protein (RP) gene mutation is the main pathogenesis of DBA. The most common type of gene mutation is RPS19 gene mutation. Heterozygous mutations in as many as 19 RP genes and other non-RP genes mutations have been identified in DBA. This review summarized briedfly the latest research advances in the pathogenesis of DBA.

Inhibitory Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Myelodysplastic Syndrome Cells and Its Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid single or combination of decitabine on tumor cells of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and explore its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#The human MDS cell lines SKM-1 and MUTZ-1 were treated with different concentrations of ascorbic acid, and the cell proliferation activity was detected by the CCK-8 assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, labile iron pool (LIP), cell cycle, and apoptosis of SKM-1 and MUTZ-1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The control group, ascorbic acid monotherapy group, decitabine monotherapy group, and combination group of ascorbic acid and decitabine were set up, the cell proliferation activity and apoptosis were detected in each group.@*RESULTS@#High-dose ascorbic acid could reduce the cell proliferation activity of SKM-1 (R=0.886, p=0.000) and MUTZ-1 (R=0.880, p=0.000). With the increase of ascorbic acid concentration, the ROS level in SKM-1 and MUTZ-1 cells increased (r=0.816, r=0.942), the proportion of cells stagnation in G@*CONCLUSION@#High-dose ascorbic acid shows a cytotoxic effect on MDS tumor cells, inhibiting cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis. Ascorbic acid combined decitabine have a synergistic effect of anti-MDS tumor cells.

Fluorescence Image-Based Evaluation of Gastric Tube Perfusion during Esophagogastrostomy

During esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy, the prediction of anastomotic leakagerelies on the operating surgeon’s tactile or visual diagnosis. Therefore, anastomoticleaks are relatively unpredictable, and new intraoperative evaluation methods or tools areessential. A fluorescence imaging system enables visualization over a wide region of interest,and provides intuitive information on perfusion intraoperatively. Surgeons can choosethe best anastomotic site of the gastric tube based on fluorescence images in real timeduring surgery. This technology provides better surgical outcomes when used with anoptimal injection dose and timing of indocyanine green.

Relationship of Peripheral Blood IL-37 Expression with T Lymphocytes Subsets and NK Cells in Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the correlation of IL-37 with T lymphocytes subsets and NK cells in ITP patients, and to explore its possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.@*METHODS@#Forty-five patients with newly diagnosed ITP(newly diagnosed group), 32 patients of complete remission (remission group) and 22 healthy persons(control group) were selected. The serum level of IL-37 in 3 groups was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-37, IL-17 and IL-18 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMNC） in 3 groups was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of IL-18RαCD4 T cells and Tim-3NK cells in the peripheral blood in 3 groups was detected by flow cytometry (FCM).@*RESULTS@#The serum level of IL-37 in the peripheral blood of ITP patients in the newly diagnosed group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the remission group(P＜0.01) . The expression level of IL-37 in PBMNC of the ITP patients in newly diagnosed group was higher than that in the control group and the remission group(P＜0. 05). The expression level of IL-17 and IL-18 in PBMNC of the ITP patients in newly diagnosed group was higher than that in the control group and the remission group(P＜0. 01); the expression of IL-18Rα in CD4 T cells in newly diagnosed group was significantly higher than that in both the control and the remission group(P＜0.01).The expression of Tim-3 in NK cells in ITP patients was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). In ITP patients, the serum IL-37 level and IL-18RαCD4T cells ratio both negatively correlated with Plt count (r=-0.58, r=-0.48) moreo-ver the serum IL-37 level also negatively correlated with amount of CD4 T cells and NK cells (r=-0.29, r=-0.28), but positively correlated with amount of CD8 T cells (r=0.329).@*CONCLUSION@#The IL-37 and its receptors may play an immunoregulatory role in CD4 T cells and NK cells, the IL-37 may be a therapeutic target for ITP patients.

Sequence analysis of psbA-trnH gene in chloroplast of Lycoris aurea populations from different regions / 中草药

Objective System evolution relationship and molecular identification method of the germplasm resources of Lycoris aurea from different regions was analyzed based on the sequence of psbA-trnH chloroplast gene. Methods DNA samples of 52 L. aurea populations were extracted from 15 provinces or cities in China. The psbA-trnH sequences of the populations were amplified by PCR, and the purified PCR products were sequenced and analyzed by Mega 5.0 software etc. Results The length of psbA-trnH sequences were 544-656 bp, and GC content of them was 35.8%-37.0%, and the genetic distances among the populations were 0-0.009 47. There were 33 variable (polymorphic) sites, including nine parsimony informative sites and 18 singleton variable sites and six insertion/deletion gaps. Ten haplotypes (H) were identified. Values of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.749 and 0.002 63, respectively. The genetic diversity of the populations of L. aurea were very high. In the maximum parsimony phylogenetic tree, 52 populations of L. aurea were clustered into four branches, which was almost consistent with their geographical distributions. Conclusion The genetic variation of L. aurea populations from different regions is significant and the psbA-trnH sequence could be used as a molecular evidence for identifying the germplasm resources of L. aurea from different regions. There is very obvious regional characteristics in evolution for germplasm resources of L. aurea in China.

Modulated Gene Expression of Toxoplasma gondii Infected Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Line (ARPE-19) via PI3K/Akt or mTOR Signal Pathway

Due to the critical location and physiological activities of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell, it is constantly subjected to contact with various infectious agents and inflammatory mediators. However, little is known about the signaling events in RPE involved in Toxoplasma gondii infection and development. The aim of the study is to screen the host mRNA transcriptional change of 3 inflammation-related gene categories, PI3K/Akt pathway regulatory components, blood vessel development factors and ROS regulators, to prove that PI3K/Akt or mTOR signaling pathway play an essential role in regulating the selected inflammation-related genes. The selected genes include PH domain and leucine- rich-repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPP), casein kinase2 (CK2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we found that T. gondii up-regulates PHLPP2, CK2β, VEGF, GCL, GST, and NQO1 gene expression levels, but down-regulates PHLPP1 and PEDF mRNA transcription levels. PI3K inhibition and mTOR inhibition by specific inhibitors showed that most of these host gene expression patterns were due to activation of PI3K/Akt or mTOR pathways with some exceptional cases. Taken together, our results reveal a new molecular mechanism of these gene expression change dependent on PI3K/Akt or mTOR pathways and highlight more systematical insight of how an intracellular T. gondii can manipulate host genes to avoid host defense.

Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The heavy incidence and severe or lethal damage caused by T. gondii infection clearly indicate a need for the development of an effective vaccine. T. gondii GRA8 is a member of the dense granules protein family and is used as a marker of acute infection. In the present study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination based on a recombinant eukaryotic plasmid, pDsRed2-GRA8, against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with the pDsRed2-GRA8 plasmid and then challenged by infection with the highly virulent GFP-RH strain of T. gondii. The specific immune responses and protective efficacy against T. gondii of this vaccine were analyzed by measuring cytokine and serum antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation assays, and the survival times of mice after challenge. Our results showed that mice immunized with pDsRed2-GRA8 demonstrated specific humoral and cellular responses, induced higher IgG antibody titers with predominant IgG2a production; increased levels of IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IFN-γ, TNF-α, and splenocyte proliferation; and prolonged survival times compared to those of control mice. The present study showed that DNA immunization with pDsRed2-GRA8 induced humoral and cellular immune responses, and all immunized mice showed greater Th1-type immune responses and longer survival times than those of control mice. These results indicated that T. gondii GRA8 DNA immunization induces a partial protective effect against acute toxoplasmosis.

Precision diagnosis and therapy of myelodysplastic syndrome based on disease nature and our facility / 天津医药

@#The essence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignant clonal bone marrow myeloid neoplasm. Both basic researches and clinical studies should firmly grasp this essence of MDS and should not be interferenced by confounding factors. Comprehensive diagnosis can improve the accuracy of MDS diagnosis by multiple indicators that reflect the malignant nature, such as cell dysplasia, function abnormalities, cytogenetic changes and gene mutations. The therapy of MDS should also eradicate the MDS clone, change the disease progression, stimulating normal hematopoiesis, prolong the survival and improve the quality of life.

Mechanisms and therapies of thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndrome / 天津医药

@#Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is a kind of bone marrow failure disease. Thrombocytopenia in patients with MDS is a frequent causes of mortality in MDS with 37% to 67% incidence. Thrombocytopenia in MDS is an independent factor predicting worse prognosis associated with increased risk of acute leukemic transformation (AML) and reduces overall survival. In addition, thrombocytopenia in MDS limits the therapeutic efficacy of disease-modifying therapies, such as azacitidine or lenalidomide. Mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in MDS are complicated, involving suppression of megakaryocytic differentiation, enhanced apoptosis, and increased platelet destruction. Platelet transfusion is still the standard treatment option for MDS combined with thrombocytopenia. Recently, novel thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists have showed curative effect in MDS patients in many clinical trials, including reducing bleeding events, decreasing dependency on platelet transfusions and increasing clinical benefits of disease-modifying therapies. Several clinical trials are ongoing to assess the efficacy and safety of novel TPO receptor agonists; the results would further help guide treatment for thrombocytopenia in MDS.

The interpretation of diagnostic criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes (2017) / 天津医药

@#Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprises a heterogeneous group of myeloid clonal neoplasms characterized by peripheral cytopenia, dysplasia and a variable clinical course with about 30% risk to transform to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the past 15 years, diagnostic evaluations, prognostication and treatment of MDS have improved substantially. However, with the discovery of molecular markers and advent of novel targeted therapies, new challenges have emerged in the complex field of MDS. We will summarize the proposed criteria for a classification of pre- MDS conditions as well as a proposed update for minimal diagnostic criteria of MDS in the present article.

Hemi-arthroplasty performed in a 109-year-old patient with intertrochanteric fracture: A case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

The mortality of conservative treatment and the risk resulting from operation for elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures are high. Safety in the perioperative period and quicker recovery should be placed at the top priority for elderly patients with hip fractures. We reported a case of 109-year-old female patient with intertrochanteric fracture who has undergone the hemiarthroplasty in our center recently. With sciatic nerve and lateral cutaneous nerve block anesthesia, she was offered the artificial femoral head replacement in the lumbar plexus block after sufficient preoperative preparation. The surgery went well with minimally invasive cut, and the patient's recovery was satisfactory.

Study on screening antitumor active fractions and chemical components in active fractions from root of Anaycclus pyrethrum / 中国中药杂志

Components that systematic separated from the root of Anaycclus pyrethrum were identified, in order to lay a foundation for future study of the root of A. pyrethrum. The CCK-8 assay showed that dichloromethane fraction exhibited the highest degree of cytotoxicity than others. Ten monomeric components were obtained from dichloromethane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction extracted from the root of A. pyrethrum, including 7 N-alkylamides, one coumarin and two flavonoid glycosides. They were identified as tetradeca-2E,4E,8E-trienoic acid 4-hydroxyphenylethylamide(1), deca-2E,4E-dienoicacid isobutylamide(2), undeca-2E,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid phenylethylamide(3), tetradeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid 4-hydroxyphenylethylamide(4), tetradeca-2E,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide(5), deca-2E,4E- dienoic acid 4-hydroxyphenylethylamide(6), dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid 4-hydroxy -phenyl-ethylamide(7), isoscopoletin(8), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), isorhamnetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10). Among them, compound 1 was identified as a new compound, Compounds 2-4, 8-10 were isolated from this herb for the first time.

The role of hypoxia induced factor-1alpha/apelin/APJ pathway in cardiac stem cell proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation after hypoxia preconditioning / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies demonstrated that cardiac stem cells (CSCs) transplantation could improve cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the overall survival and cardiac differentiation of CSCs were low. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hypoxia preconditioning on CSCs proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation and the role of hypoxia induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1α)/apelin/putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT1 (APJ) pathway in the procedure. METHODS: Cells cultured in vitro experienced exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 hours. Cardiogenic differentiation was induced by using 5-azacytidine for another 24 hours. Then, cells were cultured in normal condition for 2 weeks. Normoxia (20% O2) was used as a negative control during the whole process. Cell proliferation was detected using MTS method and expressions of HIF-1α, apelin, cTnT and APJ were detected using western blot assay after 24 hours of preconditioning and 2 weeks after the induction of differentiation; the percentage of cTnT-positive cardiomyocyte-like cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normoxia group, the hypoxia group presented a higher proliferation rate and a higher absorbance value at 490 nm (P < 0.01); the protein expressions of HIF-1α, apelin and APJ were all enhanced after hypoxia exposure for 24 hours and 2 weeks after the induction of differentiation (P < 0.01); the percentage of cTnT-positive cells was greatly increased in the hypoxia group (P < 0.01), and the expression of cTnT was also significantly intensified (P < 0.01). To conclude, hypoxia preconditioning could promote the proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of CSCs, and the activation of HIF-1α/Apelin/APJ pathway might be involved in this process.

Subtype and Functional Biomarker Changes of NK Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the subtype and functional biomarker expression changes of natural kill cells(NK) in peripheral blood of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) and normal people, so as to evaluate the relationships between these changes and hematopoietic functions and to explore the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of MDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The quantity of NK cells and the expression of biomarkers(NKp30,NKp46,NKG2A) on NK cells were detected by flow cytometry in 35 MDS patients from 2015 to 2016 in our hospital and 34 normal controls. The correlation between these changes and hematopoietic functions, including the percentages of neutrophil(ANC), hemoglobin in peripheral blood and the hematopoietic function in bone marrow(CD34%) were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage and quantity of NK cells and CD56NK cells in MDS patients were significantly lower than those in normal controls(P<0.05); the percentage of CD56NK cells was higher than that in controls. The percentage of CD56NK cells in NK cells of MDS patients was significantly lower than that of controls; the percentage of CD56NK cells in NK cells of MDS patients was significantly higher than that of controls. The expression of NKp30 and NKp46 of MDS patients was significantly lower than that of controls. In MDS group, the percentage of NK cells and CD56NK cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes in high risk MDS group was significantly lower than that in low risk MDS group. The percentage of NK and CD56NK cells negatively correlated with that of CD34% in bone marrow, but positively correlated with ANC and Hb. The CD34% in bone marrow negatively correlated with expression of NKp46, but positively correlated with expression of NKG2A.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decrease of NK number and function may cause the immune surveillance and lead to disease progression.</p>

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA D-LOOP Region in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Immuno-related Pancytopenia Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-LOOP region in peripheral blood lymphocytes of immuno-related pancytopenia (IRP) patients and its correlation with immune parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The D-LOOP region in mitochondrial DNA of lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 43 patients with untreated IRP was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The PCR products were sequenced by the pros and cons direct sequencing methods. The sequencing results were compared with the revised Cambridge reference sequence (rCRS) and the Polymorphic Sites of Human Mitochondrial Genome Database.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among total of 110 variant positions of D-LOOP region in 43 patients, 62 was SNP sites and 48 was mutation sites, of which 14 were the new mutation sites not yet registered in the database, 516 base variations were observed at 110 positions, the most common variations were base substitutions, among them T/C and A/G was 184/410 and 113/410 respectively. In the 110 variant positions, the high frequency variation sites were 73 and 263 for 43/43,311 for 32/43,310 and 16 224 for 27/43,16 519 for 25/43, 489 and 16 362 for 24/43. By the analysis of mitochondrial DNA D-LOOP polymorphism and related clinical immunology indicators of the patient's lymphocytes, it was found that D-loop in adult patients (age≥ 18 years old) significantly correlated with CD15 IgM, GLYCoACells IgM, CD34CellsIgG, CD34Cells IgM correlation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high frequency of polymorphism exists in mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of lymphocytes in IRPA patients, and was significantly correlates with the autoantibodies in bone marrow mononuclear cells in adult patients, which may be associated with the IRP occurrence.</p>

Fasciola hepatica: Infection Status of Freshwater Snails Collected from Gangwon-do (Province), Korea

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis, mainly in cattle and sheep, and occasionally in humans. Few recent studies have determined the infection status of this fluke in Korea. In August 2015, we collected 402 samples of freshwater snails at Hoenggye-ri (upper stream) and Suha-ri (lower stream) of Song-cheon (stream) in Daegwalnyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun in Gangwon-do (Province) near many large cattle or sheep farms. F. hepatica infection was determined using PCR on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 402 samples, F. hepatica 1TS-2 marker was detected in 6 freshwater snails; thus, the overall prevalence in freshwater snails was 1.5%. The prevalence varied between collection areas, ranging from 0.0% at Hoenggye-ri to 2.9% at Suha-ri. However, F. gigantica ITS-2 was not detected in the 6 F. hepatica-positive samples by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the 6 F. hepatica ITS-2 PCR-positive samples were 99.4% identical to the F. hepatica ITS-2 sequences in GenBank, whereas they were 98.4% similar to F. gigantica ITS-2 sequences. These results indicated that the prevalence of F. hepatica in snail intermediate hosts was 1.5% in Gangwon-do, Korea; however the prevalence varied between collection areas. These results may help us to understand F. hepatica infection status in natural environments.

Bone Marrow Microenvironment and Myelodysplastic Syndromes--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of bone marrow failure diseases. The bone marrow microenvironment consists of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), growth factors and cytokines. The BMSC supporting haemopoiesis include mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), osteoblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages, but the adipocytes play a role in the suppression of hematopoiesis. Recently more and more researches indicate that the abnormality of bone marrow microenvironment involves in the pathogenesis and progression of MDS. In this review the abnormality of MDS bone marrow microenvironment is summarized briefly.

Influence of Costimulatory Signaling Molecules on Immun Functons of B Lymphocytes in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of costimulatory signaling molecules (CD80, CD86) expression on the quantity and function of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood (PB) of the patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 55 ITP patients (30 cases were newly diagnosed and 25 cases were in remission), 25 healthy volunteers as controls were enrolled in this study. The levels of CD19(+)CD5(+), CD19(+)CD80(+), CD19(+)CD86(+), CD41a(+)IgG, CD41a(+)IgM and IgG, IgM in CD19(+)B cells were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The correlation of CD19(+)B cells with clinical parameters of ITP patients was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of B1 (CD19(+)CD5(+)) of newly diagnosed ITP patients was significantly higher than that of remitted ITP patients and controls (P<0.05). The level of CD19(+)CD80(+) of newly diagnosed ITP patients was significantly higher than that of remitted ITP patients and controls (P<0.05). And the expression of IgG and IgM in CD19(+)B cells of newly diagnosed ITP patients was significantly higher than that of remitted ITP patients and controls (P<0.05). The levels of IgG and IgM in remitted ITP patients after treatment were significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.05). The level differences of IgG and IgM before and after treatment in refractory ITP patients were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The expression of CD19(+)CD80(+) in newly diagnosed ITP patients positively correlated with the level of Th1 and Th1/Th2 (r=0.502, r=0.471, P<0.05). The expression of CD19(+)CD80(+) of newly diagnosed ITP patients positively correlated with the level of IgG and IgM in CD19(+)B cells (r=0.552, r=0.467, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with PB platelet count (r= -0.424, P<0.05). The levels of IgG and IgM in CD19(+)B cells of newly diagnosed ITP patients negati- vely correlated with PB platelet count (r=-0.658, r=-0.526, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The enhacement of costimulatory signaling pathway of CD19(+)B cells in ITP patients results in the abnormal activation of B lymphocytes, thereby mediates the dysfunction of immune system and involves in the pathogenesis of ITP.</p>

Expression and Significance of HOXA9 in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression pattern of HOXA9 in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and its relation with clinical characteristics and treatment response.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXA9 in bone marrow cells from 33 cases of MDS, 12 cases of AML, 20 cases of ITP and 18 normal controls were detected by real-time guautitative PCR(RT-PCR) and flow cytometry, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of HOXA9(+)/CD34(+) and HOXA9(+)/CD34(+)CD38(-) in MDS patients were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of HOXA9 in MDS patients had a similar trend. The percentages of HOXA9(+)/CD34(+) and HOXA9(+)/CD34(+)CD38(-) before decitabine treatment were (50.64±27.59)% and (55.67±28.57)% respectively, which were both higher than those in control group (P<0.05). After decitabine treatment, expression of HOXA9 significantly decreased (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HOXA9 is overexpressed in MDS patients and associated with several clinical characteristics. The detection of HOXA9 expression may have guide roles for diagnosis and treatment of MDS patients.</p>