Composition of chemical elements in the edible viscera of Tibetan pigs and its correlation with environment and feed.

The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the element distribution in the edible viscera of Tibetan pigs and to clarify its correlation with soils, drinking water and feed. A total of 55 chemical elements were simultaneously quantified. P, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn were the most abundant elements in the analyzed viscera. The general distribution of all element concentrations in the viscera of Tibetan pigs was such that liver > kidney > small intestine > heart = lung = large intestine > stomach. Comparison with national and international allowable limits of toxic elements indicates that consumption of Tibetan pig viscera presents potential health risks. Spearman correlation analysis reveals that significantly (p < 0.0001) positive relationships exist between the element profiles of viscera and drinking water, soils as well as feed. For all edible viscera, the largest values of correlation coefficient were observed to be with corn feed. Our research provides a relatively comprehensive investigation of the elemental composition in Tibetan pig viscera. The correlation data would be helpful for the local farm to reformulate the feed for Tibetan pigs to improve the quality and safety of the viscera.

Characterization and discrimination of Tibetan and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pork using label-free quantitative proteomics analysis.

The primary aim of this study was to unravel key proteins for the differentiation of Tibetan (n = 15) and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (n = 15) pork. A platform consisting of LC-MS/MS analysis and label-free quantitative proteomics was utilized. Changes in the proteome profiles were observed for different pork cuts. A total of 91 and 116 differentially expressed proteins (fold change >2 or < 0.5, p-value<.05) were identified in the five cuts (e.g., shoulder, rump, loin, shank and belly) of Tibetan (TP) and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pork, respectively. Meanwhile, a comparative proteomics analysis was performed between the TP and DLY pork. We identified 102 expression altered proteins, of which 52.9% (n = 54) and 47.1% (n = 48) were up- and downregulated, respectively, in DLY pork compared to TP. Functional analysis of these proteins revealed that the most significantly enriched gene ontology term for the biological process was the purine-containing compound metabolic process (p = .003), while that with respect to molecular function was threonine-type peptidase activity (p = .002) and that for the cellular component was the mitochondrial inner membrane (p = .001). The most significantly enriched KEGG pathway was involved in histidine metabolism (p = .01), followed by oxidative phosphorylation (p = .02). Proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation were overabundant in TP. Using a chemometrics approach, we identified 68 significant proteins for the discrimination of TP and DLY pork. The most significantly upregulated proteins in TP and DLY pork were nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase and heat shock protein 90-beta, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using differential proteomic analysis to discriminate between TP and DLY pork, and the current dataset can be expanded to a larger sample size for possible discriminant validation.