ABSTRACT
Four new cyclohexylideneacetonitrile derivatives 1-4, named menisdaurins B-E, as well as three known cyclohexylideneacetonitrile derivatives--menisdaurin (5), coclauril (6), and menisdaurilide (7)--were isolated from the hypocotyl of a mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-7 showed anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities, with EC50 values ranging from 5.1 ± 0.2 µg/mL to 87.7 ± 5.8 µg/mL.
Subject(s)
Acetonitriles/chemistry , Rhizophoraceae/chemistry , Acetonitriles/isolation & purification , Acetonitriles/pharmacology , Benzofurans/chemistry , Benzofurans/isolation & purification , Benzofurans/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Glycosides/chemistry , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Glycosides/pharmacology , Hepatitis B virus/drug effects , Humans , Hypocotyl/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , WetlandsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Jinhuang Fuzheng powder on cytokines of immunosuppressive mice by using protein antibody micro-array. METHOD: The immunosuppressive mice model was established by subcutaneously injecting cyclophosphamide. Rats were orally administered with low, middle and high dose of Huangjin Fuzheng powder for 10 days, and fasted for 12 hours after the final administration. 1 mL blood was drawn from caudal veins and isolated hearts of rats of each group. A quantitative test was conducted for cytokines with cytokine antibody array. RESULT: Compared with the control group, IFN-gamma and RANTES of the CTX group decreased significantly (P<0.05). After the administration, IFN-gamma of low, middle and high-dose groups, and RANTES of the high-dose group increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13 and MCP-1 of the CTX group increased remarkably (P<0.01, P<0.05). After the administration, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13 and MCP-1 of low, middle and high-dose groups decreased to varying degrees. GM-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, M-CSF, TNF-alpha, KC and VEGF of the 13 types of cytokines showed no significant change. CONCLUSION: Jinhuang Fuzheng powder shows effect on 20 types of cytokines of immunosuppressive mice to varying degrees, which may be related to the regulatory immunosuppression of Th1/Th2 subgroup in mice.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/immunology , Cytokines/immunology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage , Immunocompromised Host/drug effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Inflammation/drug therapy , Animals , Cytokines/genetics , Female , Humans , Immunocompromised Host/genetics , Immunocompromised Host/immunology , Inflammation/genetics , Inflammation/immunology , Male , Mice , Protein Array AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of the extracts of cactus pear fruit polysaccharide (CPFP) in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS: The diabetic rats were induced by STZ in SD rats, and randomly divided into model group, insulin group,cactus pear juice group, high dose CPFP group,low dose CPFP group. The experimental rats were administrated for 8 weeks. During the experiment, the contents of blood glucose and blood limit of the rats were detected and body weight were recorded. The pathology of beta cell and alpha cell in pancreas of experimental rats were observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the contents of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride were remarkably decreased in high and low dose CPFP groups. At the same time the body weight was significantly increased in high dose and low dose CPFP groups. The results of immunohistochemical stain demonstrated that the number of islet beta cells was increased and that of islet alpha cells was unchanged in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION: CPFP can markedly decrease blood glucose and blood limit in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Its mechanism may be related to stimulating the secretion of insulin from beta cells.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/drug effects , Cactaceae/chemistry , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Fruit/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Insulin/biosynthesis , Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects , Male , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Streptozocin , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
This article summarized the progresses of pharmacokinetic about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in recent 10 years. Reports indicated that the studies of pharmacokinetic about TCM were in the stage of exploratory. Many factors restricted the progresses of pharmacokinetic such as complexity of medicine components, multi-target of drug effect and imperfect of evaluation methods. With the developing of modern analytical techniques and indication of TCM theories, we believe that the pharmacokinetic study will be constantly updated and improved.