Analysis of variation of serum CEA, SCC, CYFRA21-1 in patients with lung cancer and their diagnostic value with EBUS-TBNA.

Background: To explore the variation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen in patients with lung cancer (LC) and their diagnostic value with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Methods: This study examined the diagnostic value of serum tumor marker testing and EBUS-TBNA joint detection for LC in 150 patients with suspected LC. Results: Compared to benign patients, the serum levels of CYFRA21-1, SCC, and CEA in LC were higher (P<0.05). In patients with squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and lung adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma had higher serum CEA levels (P<0.05). In comparison, LSCC patients had higher serum SCC and CYFRA21-1 levels (P<0.05). As compared to each index detected alone, the AUC of combined detection of each index to diagnose LC and identify pathological types of LC was elevated. Conclusions: The clinical significance of serum CYFRA21-1, SCC, and CEA conjugated with EBUS-TBNA is demonstrated for diagnostic purposes and identification of LC pathological types.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Tylopilus brunneirubens (Boletales, Basidiomycota).

Tylopilus brunneirubens is a common species in southern China. It is known for brown to dark brown pileus, white context turning reddish brown or rust brown when touched and distinct reticulation on the upper stem. However, little is known about its mitochondrial genome and its relationship with other boletes. Our analysis revealed that the mitochondrial genome of this species is a circular DNA molecule that spans 32,389 bp. It contains 15 core protein-coding genes, 24 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The base composition of the mitochondrial genome is as follows: A (37.20%), C (11.32%), G (12.48%), and T (39.00%), with a GC content of 23.80%. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree based on 24 mitochondrial genomes provided valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Tylopilus brunneirubens with other boletes for the first time.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Butyriboletus hainanensis (Boletales, Basidiomycota).

Butyriboletus hainanensis, a macrofungus belonging to the Boletaceae family, is named after its collection location on Hainan Island, China. However, little is known about its mitochondrial genome and its phylogenetic relationship with other boletes. In this study, we utilized next-generation sequencing technology to sequence the mitochondrial genome of Bu. hainanensis. Our findings revealed that the mitochondrial genome of this species is presumably a circular DNA molecule spanning 36,592 bp. It consists of 15 protein-coding genes, 27 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The base composition of the mitochondrial genome is as follows: A (36.64%), C (12.22%), G (11.73%), and T (39.41%), with a GC content of 23.95%. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 22 mitochondrial genomes, which provided valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Bu. hainanensis with other boletes for the first time.

[Using Multiple Strategies to Improve Medication Cognition in Patients After Liver Transplantation].

BACKGROUND & PROBLEMS: Patients with liver transplantation must take lifelong immunosuppressant medication to maintain the function of their hepatic graft. Based on clinical experience, we found that these patients were affected by both insufficient and remaining medication when they returned for outpatient service visits. After investigating the current situation, It was found that post-transplantation perceptions regarding medication were low in this patient group. After analysis, the identified causes of this included: (1) poor learning effect due to the interference from the multiple therapeutic catheter placement postoperatively; (2) delayed timing of assessing the awareness of information or perception of medication and lack of a post-operative follow-up mechanism; and (3) insufficient educational tools and materials for patients. PURPOSE: This study was designed to increase medication awareness from the current average of 68.3% to >91% and to increase patient satisfaction with medication guidance from the current 63.0% to >85% in patients who had received liver transplantation. RESOLUTIONS: The improvement strategy included: designing a health education sheet including related medication information and a daily medication record; designing a mnemonic, interactive video, or test to improve medication perception; creating measures associated with a monitor mechanism to assess medication knowledge. RESULTS: After strategy implementation, medication awareness increased from 68.3% to 92.5% and satisfaction with medication guidance increased from 63.0% to 87.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of several strategies concurrently can enhance medication awareness in patients after liver transplantation and increase patient satisfaction with medication guidance.

Mechanism and application of fermentation to remove beany flavor from plant-based meat analogs: A mini review.

Over the past few decades, there has been a noticeable surge in the market of plant-based meat analogs (PBMA). Such popularity stems from their environmentally friendly production procedures as well as their positive health effects. In order to meet the market demand, it is necessary to look for plant protein processing techniques that can help them match the quality of conventional meat protein from the aspects of sensory, quality and functionality. Bean proteins are ideal options for PBMA with their easy accessibility, high nutrient-density and reasonable price. However, the high polyunsaturated lipids content of beans inevitably leads to the unpleasant beany flavor of soy protein products, which severely affects the promotion of soy protein-based PBMA. In order to solve this issue, various methods including bleaching, enzyme and fermentation etc. are developed. Among these, fermentation is widely investigated due to its high efficiency, less harm to the protein matrix, targeted performance and low budget. In addition, proper utilization of microbiome during the fermentation process not only reduces the unpleasant beany flavors, but also enhances the aroma profile of the final product. In this review, we provide a thorough and succinct overview of the mechanism underlying the formation and elimination of beany flavor with associated fermentation process. The pros and cons of typical fermentation technologies for removing beany flavors are discussed in alongside with their application scenarios. Additionally, the variations among different methods are compared in terms of the strains, fermentation condition, target functionality, matrix for application, sensory perception etc.

Analysis of the Application Effect of Multidisciplinary Team Cooperation Model in Chronic Heart Failure under WeChat Platform.

Methods: From April 2020 to May 2021, 56 patients with CHF who were discharged from the cardiology department of our hospital after treatment were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (n = 28) and control group (n = 28). The control group was given conventional nursing measures and health education and discharge instructions, while the experimental group received collaborative multidisciplinary team nursing care based on the WeChat platform on the basis of the control group, all for 3 months. All enrolled patients underwent the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Version 6.2 (SCHFI v6.2), the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the 6-minute walking test (6MWT test). The SCHFI v6.2 and MLHFQ scores, 6 MWT test results, and readmission rates within 3 months were observed and compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the SCHFIv6.2 and MLHFQ scores of the two patients at admission and at discharge, and the scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the control group at the end of 3 months after discharge. On the other hand, the SCHFIv6.2 and MLHFQ scores of the two groups were significantly higher at discharge compared to admission; the 6-minute walking distance of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the end of 3 months. The readmission rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary teamwork model based on the WeChat platform can significantly improve the self-care ability and quality of life of CHF patients and reduce the readmission rate.

All-Fiber-Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator via One-Pot Electrospinning for Self-Powered Wearable Sensors.

With the rapid development in wearable electronics, self-powered devices have recently attracted tremendous attention to overcome the restriction of conventional power sources. In this regard, a simple, scalable, and one-pot electrospinning fabrication technique was utilized to construct an all-fiber-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Ethyl cellulose was co-electrospun with polyamide 6 to serve as the triboelectric positive material, and a kind of strongly electronegative conductive material of MXene sheet was innovatively incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofiber to act as a triboelectric negative material. The assembled all-fiber TENG exhibited excellent durability and stability, as well as excellent output performance, which reached a peak power density of 290 mW/m2 at a load resistance of 100 MΩ. More importantly, the TENG was capable of harvesting energy to power various light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and monitoring human movements as a self-powered sensor, providing a promising application prospect in wearable electronics.

Bioactive Icariin/ß-CD-IC/Bacterial Cellulose with Enhanced Biomedical Potential.

A "super" bioactive antibacterial hydrogel, Icariin-ß-CD-inclusion complex/Bacterial cellulose and an equally capable counterpart Icariin-Bacterial cellulose (ICBC) were successfully produced with excellent antioxidant properties. The highly porous hydrogels demonstrated very high fluid/liquid absorption capability and were functionally active as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) test confirmed the existence of abundant hydroxyls (-OH stretching), carboxylic acids (-CH2/C-O stretching), Alkyne/nitrile (C≡C/C≡N stretching with triple bonds) and phenol (C-H/N-O symmetric stretching) functional groups. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests confirmed a successful ß-CD-inclusion complexation with Icariin with a great potential for sustained and controlled drug release. In vitro drug release test results indicated a systemic and controlled release of the drug (Icariin) from the internal cavities of the ß-CD inclusion complex incorporated inside the BC matrix with high Icariin (drug) release rates. Impressive inactivation rates against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 8099 and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; >99.19% and >98.89% respectively were recorded, as the materials proved to be non-toxic on L929 cells in the in vitro cytotoxicity test results. The materials with promising versatile multipurpose administration of Icariin for wound dressing (as wound dressers), can also be executed as implants for tissue regeneration, as well as face-mask for cosmetic purposes.

Encapsulating enzyme into metal-organic framework during in-situ growth on cellulose acetate nanofibers as self-powered glucose biosensor.

Development of reliable Enzymatic Biofuel Cells (EBFC)-based self-powered glucose biosensor for continuous, noninvasive monitoring without restriction on patient's movement is highly recommendable. However, its application to a large extent is limited by the relatively poor stability. Herein, we synthesized a highly flexible electrode for effective enzyme immobilization by encapsulating enzyme into the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and robustly anchored to the cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber membrane. As is well-known, such nanostructured fiber materials are the first time to be synthesized for glucose biosensor, which encapsulated biomolecules in MOFs platform during the MOFs in-situ growth on the nanofiber membranes. The as-proposed biosensor demonstrated excellent stability over 15 h of continuous long-term monitoring. The remarkable stability of assembled self-powered glucose biosensor in this work could inspire the application of enzymatic biosensors in biometrics, chronic disease management and clinical diagnosis.

High Expression of SIRT1 Associates with the Doxorubicin Resistance of Breast Cancer through the Activation of Akt.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although limited by side effects and development of resistance, doxorubicin still represents the most common chemotherapy for breast cancer. Thus, the identification of critical molecules to alleviate doxorubicin resistance is crucial. Here, we provide a molecular rationale for the breast cancer patients potentially benefitting from doxorubicin based on the expression levels of SIRT1, an identified member of longevity genes. METHODS: SIRT1-overexpressed and SIRT1-knockdown breast cancer cells were established to investigate the functions of SIRT1 in regulating doxorubicin resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation was analyzed via CCK8 assay, cell apoptosis was studied by TUNEL analysis. Molecule interaction was analyzed through co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence techniques. Sensibility to doxorubicin was assessed in vivo through the nude mice tumorigenicity experiment. RESULTS: First, SIRT1 was found higher-expressed in breast cancer doxorubicin-resistant cells MCF-7/ADR than that in the doxorubicin- sensitive cells MCF-7. Moreover, SIRT1-knockdown MCF-7/ADR cells showed higher susceptible to doxorubicin both in vitro and in vivo models, whereas overexpressing of SIRT1 inhibited this phenotype. Accordingly, SIRT1 was found interacted with Akt, consequently promoted the activity of Akt in MCF-7/ADR cells in vitro and positively correlated with the expression of P-Akt in vivo. Reversing the activity of Akt partially downturned the doxorubicin-resistant effects mediated by SIRT1. CONCLUSION: This investigation suggested the value of SIRT1 as a biomarker of response to doxorubicin, leading to the development of new tools for the management of breast cancer patients.

Newborn Screening for Mucopolysaccharidoses: Results of a Pilot Study with 100 000 Dried Blood Spots.

OBJECTIVE: To test, in a newborn screening (NBS) laboratory, the performance of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assay 5 enzymatic activities in dried blood spots (DBS) for NBS of 5 lysosomal storage diseases (mucopolysaccharidosis [MPS]-II, MPS-IIIB, MPS-IVA, MPS-VI, and MPS-VII). STUDY DESIGN: Three mm punches from de-identified DBS were obtained from the Washington NBS laboratory and submitted to the 5-plex LC-MS/MS assay. Screen cut-offs were established by analyzing the enzymatic activity in patients confirmed to have the MPS disorder. DNA sequencing of the relevant gene was performed on a second DBS punch for all samples with enzyme activity below 10% of the mean daily activity. RESULTS: (1) For MPS-II, 18 below cut-off samples, 1 pathogenic genotype, and 2 "high risk" genotypes; (2) For MPS-IIIB, no below cut-off samples; (3) For MPS-IVA, 8 below cut-off samples, 4 non-pathogenic genotypes, 4 genotypes unobtainable; (4) For MPS-VI, 4 below cut-off samples and no high-risk genotypes; (5) For MPS-VII, 1 below cut-off sample confirmed by genotype and clinical report to be affected. CONCLUSIONS: These results establish that the number of initial screen positive samples is low and manageable. Thus, population newborn screening for these conditions is feasible in a state newborn screening laboratory.

Expression and significance of ETFDH in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The ETFDH (electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase) gene mutations are reported to be a major cause of riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD). However, the role of ETFDH in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ETFDH in HCC. Immunohistochemical staining of the 207 HCC tissue microarray showed that expression of ETFDH was significantly decreased in HCC compared with the matching noncancerous hepatic tissues (P < 0.001). Moreover, ETFDH expression levels were found to be correlated with AFP levels (P = 0.011). Intriguingly, ETFDH expression levels were significantly lower in poorly differentiated or undifferentiated HCCs as compared to the well or moderately differentiated cases (P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that low tumor expression of ETFDH was associated with a poorer overall survival in patients with HCC (P = 0.024). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that ETFDH (P = 0.047) was an independent predictor of overall survival. Our findings may shed new light on the identification of new prognostic marker for HCC.

Fibrous Network of C@MoS2 Nanocapsule-Decorated Cotton Linters Interconnected by Bacterial Cellulose for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries.

To protect the structure of MoS2 from collapse, a strong skeleton is expected to help maintain the integrity. In this study, cotton linters burdened with hollow C@MoS2 nanocapsules are added into nutrient medium for the growth of a bacterial cellulose membrane. Benefitting from good conductivity and structural integrity, the resultant fibrous membrane anode gives reversible capacities of 559 and 155 mAh g-1 for Li-ion batteries and Na-ion batteries after 100 cycles, respectively. The structural transformation and component evolution in lithiation-delithiation and sodiation-desodiation was elucidated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. After sodiation, the Na2 S did not transform back into MoS2 but was more likely converted into elemental sulfur during the conversion reaction. Layered semiconducting transition metal chalcogenides, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ), feature open 2 D ion-transport channels amenable to receive various guest ions with high theoretical capacities.[2] One serious challenge curtailing the applicability of such materials is their volume changes during discharge-charge processes.[3, 4] However, particular morphologies of MoS2 are proposed to improve the specific capacity.[5,6,7] Many works have focused on core-shell and hollow MoS2 micro- and nanostructures, and the results validate the advantages of shortening the lithium-ion diffusion distance and enhancing specific capacity.[8,9] Unfortunately, the issue of inferior capacity stability is not resolved, because the structure is not effectively protected and is prone to collapse.

miR-182 contributes to cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma via targeting PDCD4.

miR-182 is a well-described oncogenic miRNA playing a crucial role in the development of many malignancies. However, the role of miR-182 in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that adhesion of H929 and MM.1S cells to fibronectin could induce miR-182 expression and decrease PDCD4 expression. Furthermore, miR-182 was found to negatively regulate PDCD4 expression in H929 and MM.1S cells. In addition, PDCD4 down-regulation was required for cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Intriguingly, miR-182 up-regulation could promote CAM-DR in H929 and MM.1S cells. Moreover, miR-182 up-regulation and PDCD4 down-regulation enhanced AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in both H929 and MM.1S cells. Our data suggest that cell adhesion-mediated miR-182 up-regulation and PDCD4 down-regulation may confer drug resistance via enhancing AKT phosphorylation at Ser473.

Low expression of PDHA1 predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer.

PDH E1 component subunit alpha (PDHA1) has been reported to be biologically significant in several human tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PDHA1 in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Oncomine analysis of neoplastic vs. normal tissue showed that the mRNA levels of PDHA1 were significantly underexpressed in different types of GC across three analyses. Underexpression of PDHA1 was found in intestinal-type GC (P = 0.009), diffuse-type GC (P = 0.036), and mixed-type GC (P = 0.025). Immunohistochemical staining of the 174 GC tissue microarray showed that PDHA1 staining is much stronger in normal mucosa than in GC samples (P = 0.040). Furthermore, PDHA1 expression levels were found to be significantly lower in 69.05% (87/126) of poorly differentiated GCs as compared to the well or moderately differentiated ones (P = 0.037). Intriguingly, PDHA1 expression was significantly correlated with depth of invasion (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), TNM stage (P < 0.001), and nerve invasion (P = 0.006). However, it was not correlated with gender, age, Lauren classification, and lymphovascular invasion (P > 0.05 for all). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that low tumor expression of PDHA1 was significantly correlated with a poorer overall survival in patients with GC (5-year overall survival rates for patients with low vs high PDHA1 expression = 49.8% vs 72.7%, hazard ratio of death from GC = 2.594, 95% CI = 1.527 to 4.408, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that PDHA1 (P = 0.025) was an independent predictor of overall survival. These findings are of potential clinical utility and merit further validation.

Sequestration of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Systems with Novel Green Bacterial Cellulose Graphene Oxide Composite.

In this study, a novel green adsorbent material prepared by the esterification of bacterial cellulose (BC) and graphene oxide (GO), richly containing hydroxyl, alkyl, and carboxylate groups was characterised by FTIR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and TGA (Thermo-graphimetric analysis). The specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution (PSD) analysis of materials were also analysed. Batch experiments⁻adsorption studies confirmed the material to have a very high Pb2+ removal efficiency of over 90% at pH 6⁻8. Kinetic studies showed that the uptake of metal ions was rapid with equilibrium attained after 30 min and fitted well with the pseudo-second-order rate model (PSO). Isotherm results with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 303.03 mg/g were well described by Langmuir's model compared to Freundlich. Desorption and re-adsorption experiments realised that both adsorbent and adsorbates could be over 90⁻95% efficiently recovered and reused using 0.1 M HNO3 and 0.1 M HCl.

Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection.

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that N-CDs were successfully anchored on BC. As-prepared BC/N-CDs were applied to the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600µM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials.

Overexpression of TRIP6 promotes tumor proliferation and reverses cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) via regulating nuclear p27(Kip1) expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Recent studies have identified that thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) is implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the functional role of TRIP6 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has never been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that TRIP6 is reversely correlated with the clinical outcomes of NHL patients. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TRIP6 expression is lower in indolent lymphoma than in progressive lymphoma. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that the upregulation of TRIP6 is significantly associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, patients with higher expression of TRIP6 are prone to shorter time to recurrence. Furthermore, we also found that TRIP6 can promote the proliferation of NHL cells via regulating cell cycle progression. In addition, adhesion of lymphoma cells to fibronectin (FN) decreased TRIP6 expression, which led to the upregulation of nuclear p27(Kip1) expression by decreasing phosphorylation of p27(Kip1) at T157. Importantly, overexpression of TRIP6 can reverse cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) phenotype in NHL. In summary, these results suggest that TRIP6 is a novel prognostic indicator for NHL patients and may shed new insights into the important role of TRIP6 in cancer development.