Synthesis of new phenoxymethylcoumarin clubbed 4-arylthiazolylhydrazines as α-glucosidase inhibitors and their kinetics and molecular docking studies.

The current studies mainly demonstrate the coumarin based azomethine-clubbed thiazoles synthesis and their in-vitro evaluation for the first time against α-glucosidase. Due to the catalytic role of α-glucosidase, it has become a precise target for the treatment of type diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The high rate of prevalence of diabetes and its associated health related problems led us to scrutinize the anti-diabetic capability of the synthesized thiazole derivatives (6a-6k). The anticipated structures of prepared compounds were confirmed through FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. All the compounds showed several times potent activity than the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 µM) against α-glucosidase with IC50 values in range of 0.87 ± 0.02-322.61 ± 1.14 µM. The compound 6k displayed the highest anti-diabetic activity (IC50 = 1.88 ± 0.03 µM). Kinetic study revealed that these are competitive inhibitors for α-glucosidase. The mode of binding of the synthesized molecules were further evaluated by molecular docking, which reflects the importance of azomethine group in protein-ligand interaction. The docking scores are complementary with the IC50 values of compounds while the interaction pattern of the compounds clearly demonstrates their structure-activity relationship. Current study reported medicinal importance of thiazole derivative as future drug candidates for the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Donor-Pi-Acceptor Fluorene Conjugates, Based on Chalcone and Pyrimidine Derivatives: an Insight into Structure-Property Relationship, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties.

A small set of four new fluorenyl chromophores (5-5a-c) was accomplished by stepwise nucleophilic substitution, Friedel-Crafts acylation, Ullman coupling, aldol condensation and cyclization reactions. The fluorene moiety was substituted at 2,7,9 and 9' positions with diverse groups. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The optical properties were evaluated by by UV-VIS absorption and Fluorescence studies. HOMO and LUMO energy levels were evaluated by electrochemical studies and were found at -5.37-5.83 eV and - 2.47-2.94 eV respectively with band gap energy values 2.88 to 2.91 eV. The band gap energy values suggested that these synthesized molecules can be manipulated in the designing of blue and green OLEDS. Graphical Abstract.

Spectroscopic and electrochemical behavior of newly synthesized high fluorescent symmetric 4'-nitrophenyl-3,4,9,10-perylenebisdiimide-azo hybrid dyes.

The investigation has been made in the synthesis of azo hybrid rylene dyes. The hybridization of perylene bis-diimide with phenolic azo-dyes was carried out by the nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reaction of tetrachloroperylene-3,4,9,10-bisdiimide 3 with phenolic azo-dyes 4a-g in basic medium. The hybrid dyes exhibited two absorption maxima λmax in the range 300-350, 426-438 nm in ethanol due to presence of azo linkage and highly conjugated framework of π bonds. Fluorescence spectra of these dyes in water showed sharp emission peaks with small bandwidths in the range 490-495 nm, and fluorescence quantum yield was 0.71-0.83 in comparison with standard reference fluorescein. The structures of perylene-azo dyes were elucidated by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Luminescence was determined by LS-100 meter which was found to be excellent in limits 0.208-0.239 cd/m(2). Cyclic voltammetric studies were made by Electrochemical Analyzer CH1830C which showed the oxidation chemical potential of these hybrid dyes.

Novel carbazole-pyridine copolymers by an economical method: synthesis, spectroscopic and thermochemical studies.

The synthesis, as well as spectroscopic and thermochemical studies of a novel class of carbazole-4-phenylpyridine co-polymers are described. The synthesis was carried out by a simple and cheaper method compared to the lengthy methods usually adopted for the preparation of carbazole-pyridine copolymers which involve costly catalysts. Thus, two series of polymers were synthesized by a modified Chichibabin reaction, i.e., by the condensation of diacetylated N-alkylcarbazoles with 3-substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate in refluxing acetic acid. All the polymers were characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorimetry, TGA and DSC. The weight average molecular masses (M(w)) of the polymers were estimated by the laser light scattering (LLS) technique.

(Biphenyl-4-yl)(phen-yl)methanone.

In the title compound, C(19)H(14)O, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings of the biphenyl residue is 8.0 (3)° and the dihedral angle between the two rings connected by the carbonyl C atom is 51.74 (18)°. There are no short C-H⋯O contacts in the crystal structure.

1,1'-(9-Octyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-di-yl)diethanone.

The central structural element of the title compound, C(24)H(29)NO(2), is a carbazole unit substituted with two acetyl residues and an octyl chain. The acetyl residues are nearly coplanar [dihedral angles = 5.37 (14) and 1.0 (3)°] with the carbazole unit which is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.025 Å). The octyl chain adopts an all-trans conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

4-Chloro-N-m-tolyl-benzamide.

In the title compound, C(14)H(12)ClNO, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 11.29 (15)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds linking the mol-ecules into chains running along the c axis.