Child Development Card (KKA) as a discriminant tool for the growth and development of stunted and normal children in Indonesia.

Background: Stunting is a significant concern in Indonesia, but its detection currently relies on anthropometric measurements, lacking the integration of comprehensive evaluations of child development. Therefore, the Child Development Card (KKA) serves as a valuable instrument employed to assess the growth and developmental aspects of children. Aim: This research aimed to investigate the potential of KKA as a discriminative tool for distinguishing between stunted and normal children. Methods: The participants consisted of 159 and 88 normal and stunted children aged 13-24 and 25-60 months. The aspects of children's development examined included passive communication, social behavior, gross motor skills, active communication, fine motor skills, intelligence, and self-help skills. Discriminant analysis was conducted to identify the developmental aspects differentiating stunted children from normal children. Results: The analysis using SPSS 25 showed that the discriminating aspects of children's development between stunted and normal children were gross motor skills, fine motor skills, passive communication, and intelligence. For the age group of 13-24 months, the discriminant function is represented as D = - 0.276 + 0.197 K - 0.511 GK + 0.361 KP. Meanwhile, for the age group of 25-60 months, the discriminant function is expressed as D = - 2.586 + 0.151 GK - 0.081 GH. Conclusion: Stunted and normal children could be differentiated based on four key aspects of development: gross and fine motor skills, passive communication, and intelligence. These findings aid in the early detection of stunted children and emphasize the crucial role of parental stimulation across these four aspects.

The Development and Initial Validation of the Youth Sexual Intention Scale: Indonesian Version.

Interventions for the early sexual problem in adolescents require proper measurement of sexual intentions. The adolescent sexual intention scales have been widely used by researchers in the West. However, those scales are not very suitable for adolescents in eastern cultures such as Indonesia. As a religious society, Indonesian people have different sexual expectations from liberal western society. Religious teachings and societal norms shape sexual beliefs that reflect semi-restrictive sexual socialization. Thus, sexual intention measurement that represents the sexual beliefs of the subject under study becomes important. Therefore, this two-steps study aims to develop and validate the Youth Sexual Intention Scale (YSIS). In the first step, qualitative elaboration resulted in 27 themes of adolescent sexual beliefs, which turned into 31 items according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the second step, we selected 396 students using the cluster random sampling technique. We investigated 2 methods of validity, content validity using CVI and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The content validity examination proved that all scale items had high validity (CVI = .93). Meanwhile, the CFA showed that the data was fit for the model (Chi-square 819,420, P <.001, RMSEA = .056, CFI = .978, TLI = .972). The CFA groups items into 4 dimensions, namely, sexual attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and sexual intentions. The reliability test shows an Alpha coefficient of .854. We conclude that 26-items YSIS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure belief-based youth sexual intentions (15-18 years) in religious culture.